“坡壁效应”对减轻雪柑园降雪冻害的作用

“坡壁效应”对减轻雪柑园降雪冻害的作用张名福（福建省顺昌县农业局３５３２００）＂Ｓｌｏｐｅ－ｗａｌｌＥｆｆｅｃｔ＂ｉｎＤｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｉｎｇＳｎｏｗｆａｌｌＦｒｅｅｚｅＩｎｊｕｒｙｏｆＣｉｔｒｕｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ．ｓｅｋｋａｎ￥．ＺｈａｎｇＭｉｎｇｆｕ（ＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＢｕｒｅａｕ,ＳｈｕｎｃｈａｎｇＣｏｕｎｔｙ,ＦｕｊｉａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３．１２（３）：５７－５８．＂Ｓｌｏｐｅ－ｗａｌｌｅｆｆｅｃｔ＂ｈａｓａｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｄｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｉｎｇｓｎｏｗｆａｌｌｆｒｅｅｚｅｉｎｊｕｒｙｏｆＣｉｔｒｕｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ．ｓｅｋｋａｎｐｌａｎｔｅｄｏｎｔｅｒｒａｃｅｄｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｏｕｓｆｉｅｌｄｓｗｉｔｈａｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｅｄｅｇｒｅｅｏｆｓｌｏｐｅ－ｗａｌｌ．Ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｆｒｅｅｚｅｉｎｊｕｒｙｓｔａｒｔｓｔｏｂｅｄｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｅｄｏｎｆｉｅｌｄｓｗｉｔｈａ５３．８°ｏｆｓｌｏｐｅ－ｗａＩｌａｎｄｉｓｄｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｅｄｓｉｇｎｉｆｉ－ｃａｎｔｌｙｏｎｔｈｏｓｅｗｉｔｈａ８０     

真桑钝绥螨对柑桔全爪螨不同螨态的选择性

真桑钝绥螨对柑桔全爪螨不同螨态的选择性蒲天胜,曾涛,韦德卫（广西农科院植物保护研究所,南宁５３０００７）ＳｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｅＰｒｅｄａｃｉｔｙｏｆＡｍｂｌｙｓｅｉｕｓｍａｋｕｗａｔｏＶａｒｉｏｕｓＭｉｔｅＦｏｒｍｓｏｆＰａｎａｎｙｃｈｕｓｃｉｔｒｉ￥ＰｕＴｉａｎｓｈｅｎｇ;ＺｅｎｇＴａｏ;ＷｅｉＤｅｗｅｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｒｏｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ,ＧｕａｎｇｘｉＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒ－ｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（１）：３３－３４。ＴｈｅｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｅｐｒｅｄａｃｉｔｙｏｆｆｅｍａｌｅａｄｕｌｔｏｆＡ．ｍａｋｕｗａｔｏｃｉｔｒｕｓｍｉｔｅｓｉｓｓｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄｉｎｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎｗｉｔｈｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆＡｎｉｃｈｏｌｓｉ．Ａ．ｍａｋｕｗａｓｈｏｗｓａｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅｐｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｔｏｔｈｅａｄｕｌｔｏｆＰ．ｃｉｔｒｉ,ｂｕｔＡ．ｎｉｃｈｏｌｓｉｓｈｏｗｓｎｏｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｉｔｙａｎｄｓｗｉｔｃｈｉｎｇ．Ｉｎｍｕｌｔｉ－ｆｏｒｍｃｏｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｔｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆｍｉｔｅｓ,ｔｈｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｒｅｓ     

柑桔褐带卷蛾实验种群生态学研究

柑桔褐带卷蛾实验种群生态学研究李建荣,朱文炳,李隆术（四川省农科院植保所,成都６１００６６）（西南农业大学植保系,重庆６３０７１６）ＥｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＡｄｏｘｏｐｈｙｅｓｃｙｒｔｏｓｅｍａＭ...     

集约高产过程中土壤有机质动态初探

集约高产过程中土壤有机质动态初探崔玉亭,韩纯儒（北京农业大学,１０００９４）ＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆＳｏｉｌＯｒｇａｎｉｃＭａｔｔｅｒ（ＳＯＭ）ｉｎｔｈｅＰｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＩｎｔｅｎｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ￥．ＣｕｉＹｕｔｉｎｇ;ＨａｎＣｈｕｎｒｕ（ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,１０００９４）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：３７—３８．Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ,ｔｈｅｂａｌａｎｃｅｏｆｓｏｉｌｏｒｇａｎｉｃｍａｔｔｅｒ（ＳＯＭ）ｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈａｎｇｚｈｏｕｒｅｇｉｏｎｉｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｄａｎｄａｍｅｄｉｕｍ－ａｎｄｌｏｎｇ－ｔｅｒｍｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｉｔｓｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｉｓｍａｄｅ。Ｔｈｅｒｅ－ｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｉｓｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ,ｔｈｅｂａｌａｎｃｅｏｆＳＯＭｉｓｇｅｔｔｉｎｇｂｅｔｔｅｒ,ａｎｄａｆｔｅｒａｍｅｄｉｕｍｏｒｌｏｎｇｐｅ－ｒｉｏｄ（ｅ．ｇ,１０—２０ｙｅａｔｓ）,ｔｈｅＳＯＭｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｃａｎｇｅｔｔ     

猕猴属6个种的rDNA变异及其系统进化关系

以人２８Ｓ,１８Ｓ,ｒＤＮＡ为探针,用１５种限制性内切酶构建了猕猴属６个种（Ｍ．ｍｕｌａｔｔａ,Ｍ．ｆａｃｓｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓｆＭ．ａｒｃｔｏｉｄｅｓ,Ｍ．ａｓｓａｍｅｎｓｉｓ．Ｍ．ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａ．Ｍ。ｎｅｍｅｓｔｒｉｎａ）和滇金丝猴Ｒｈｉｎｏｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓｂｉｅｔｉ）,白颊长臂猿（Ｈｙｌｏｂａｔｅｓｌｅｕｃｏｇｅｎｙｓ）核糖体ＤＮＡ重复单位的限制性内切酶图谱,红面猴（Ｍ．ａｒｃｔｏｉｅｓ）与     

新疆几种昼出性蝴蝶的更正（鳞翅目）

本文订正黄人鑫和村山修一（１９９２）在《蝶と蛾》（４３卷１期）上发表的几个蝴蝶新种和新亚种。１．ＰａｒｎａｓｉｕｓｐｈｏｅｂｕｓｈａｌａｓｉｃｕｓＨｕａｎｇｅｔＭｕｒａｙａｍａ,１９９２为Ｐａｒｎａｓｉｕｓｐｈｏｅｂｕｓｐｈｏｅｂｕｓ（Ｆａｂｒ．１７９３）的新异名。２．ＰａｒｎａｓｉｕｓａｒｉａｄｎｅｊｉａｄｅｎｇｙｕｅｎｓｉｓＨｕａｎｇｅｔＭｕｒａｙａｍａ,１９９２为Ｄｒｉｏｐａ（Ｅｒｙｔｈｒｏｄｉｏｐａ）ａｒｉａｄｎｅａｒｉａｄｎｅ（Ｋｉｎｄｅｒｍａｎｎ,１８５３）的新异名。３．ＰｏｎｔｉａｃａｌｉｄｉｃｅｈａｌａｓｉａＨｕａｎｇｅｔＭｕｒａｙａｍａ,１９９２为Ｓｙｎｃｈｌｏｅｃａｌｉｄｉｃｅｃａｌｉｄｉｃｅ（Ｈüｂｎｅｒ）的新异名。４．ＭｅｌｉｔａｅａｓｃｏｔｏｓｉａｗｅｉｗｕｅｒｉａＨｕａｎｇｅｔＭｕｒａｙａｍａ,１９９２为ＭｅｌｉｔａｅａｓｃｏｔｏｓｉａｂｕｔｌｅｒｉＨｉｇｇｉｎｓ的新异名。     

pp60c-src在血管平滑肌细胞内丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激活中的作用

观察ｐｐ６０ｃ－ｓｒｃ在血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）诱导血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣｓ）内丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）激活中的作用,以了解ＡｎｇⅡ促ＶＳＭＣｓ增殖的信号转导过程。将合成的反义ｃ－ｓｒｃ寡脱氧核苷酸（ｏｌｉｇｏｄｅｏｘｙｎｕｃｌｅ－ｏｔｉｄｅｓ,ＯＤＮｓ）以脂质体包裹转染培养的大鼠ＶＳＭＣｓ,用Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹测得细胞裂解液中ｐｐ６０ｃ－ｓｒｃ含量明显下降,免疫沉淀方法测得ｐｐ６０ｃ－ｓ     

庐山土壤微生物类群及酶活特性

庐山土壤微生物类群及酶活特性陆杨森,熊金莲,张明（安徽农学院,合肥２３００３６）ＭｉｃｒｏｂｉａｌＧｒｏｕｐｓａｎｄＥｎｚｙｍｅＡｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｎＳｏｉｌｏｆＬｕｓｈａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎ￥ＬｕＹａｎｇｓｅｎ;ＸｉｏｎｇＪｉｎｌｉａｎ;ＺｈａｎｇＭｉｎｇ（ＡｎｈｕｉＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ,Ｈｅｆｅｉ２３００３６）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ１９９３,１２（５）：２５－２８。ＴｈｅｔｏｔａｌｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｍｉｃｒｏｂｅｓｖａｒｉｅｓｉｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｓｏｉｌｔｙｐｅｓｏｆＬｕｓｈａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎ,ｂｅｉｎｇｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ（１．２×１０￣９ｎｕｍｂｅｒｓｇｄｒｙｓｏｉｌ）ｉｎｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｏｕｓｙｅｌｌｏｗｂｒｏｗｎｓｏｉｌ．Ｔｈｅｅｃｏｌｏｇｉａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｖａｒｉｏｕｓｍｉｃｒｏｂｉａｌｇｒｏｕｐｓｉｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｓｏｉｌｔｙｐｅｓｉｓｓｉｍｌｌａｒ。Ｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｉｓｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎａｃｔｉｎｏｍｙｃｅｓａｎｄｆｕｎｇｉ．Ｎｏｎｉｔｒｉｆｙｉｎｇｂａｃｔｅ－ｒｉａｃａｎｂｅｆｏｕｎｄＩｎｓｏｌｌｓｏｆＬｕｓｈａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉ     

小麦秸秆的生化他感效应

小麦秸秆的生化他感效应马永清,毛仁钊,刘孟雨,刘小京,张玉铭（中国科学院石家庄农业现代化研究所,０５００２１）ＡｌｌｅｌｏｐａｔｈｉｃＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＷｈｅａｔＳｔｒａｗ￥ＭａＹｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ;ＭａｏＲｅｎｚｈａｏ;ＬｉｕＭｅｎｙｕ;ＬｉｕＸｉａｏｊｉｎｇ（ＳｈｉｊｉａｚｈｕａｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＭｏｄｅｒｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ,ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ,０５００２１）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（５）;３６－３８。Ｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ－ｗｉｄｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｏｎａｌｌｅｌｏｐａｔｈｉｃｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｗｈｅａｔｓｔｒａｗａｒｅｓｕｍｍａｒｉｚｅｄａｎｄｔｈｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｓｉｔｕａ－ｔｉｏｎｏｎｉｓｏｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｌｌｅｌｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｆｒｏｍｉｔｉｓｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ．ｗｈｉｃｈｗｉｌｌｇｉｖｅａｇｕｉｄａｎｃｅｉｎｏｕｒｔｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｙａｎｄｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ。Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：Ａｌｌｅｌｏｐａｔｈｙ,ａｌｌｅｌｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓ,ｗｈｅａｔｓｔｒａｗ。     

一种新的脉冲电泳分子量标记*

在脉冲电泳（ｐｕｌｓｅｄ－ｆｉｅｌｄ　ｇｅｌ　ｅｌｃｔｒｏｐｈｏｒｅｓｉｓ,ＰＦＧＥ）研究中,经常使用的分子量标记有啤酒酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ　ｃｅｒｅｖｅｓｌａｅ）和粟酒裂殖酵母（Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ　ｐｏｍｂｅ）的染色体完整ＤＮＡ。其中,啤酒酵母（如菌株ＹＮＮ２９５）有１６条染色体,分子量变化范围为０．２５Ｍｂ～２．２Ｍｂ（ＭｃＣｌｕｓｋｅｙｅｌａｌ,１９９０）,适于作为小于２．２Ｍｂ的染色体ＤＮＡ的分子量标记;粟酒裂殖酵母（如菌株９７２ｈ－）有３条染色体,分子量…     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。