CSN1S2、CSN3和β-Lg基因对西农萨能奶山羊产奶性能的影响

利用PCRRFLP技术对69只西农萨能奶山羊群体的CSN1S2基因、CSN3基因和βlg基因多态性与产奶性状的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,CSN1S2基因的不同基因型与产奶性能间存在相关性:FF基因型个体前4胎平均产奶量显著低于NN基因型个体(P<0.05),FF基因型个体第2胎产奶量比NN基因型个体低90kg以上(P<0.01),提示CSN1S2基因座F等位基因可能与低产奶量有关。在CSN3HindⅢ基因座中,DE和EE基因型个体在第1、2、3、4胎产奶量和平均产奶量上差异不显著(P>0.05);在CSN3TaqⅠ基因座中,TT、TC和CC3种基因型个体在第1、2、3、4胎产奶量和平均产奶量上差异不显著(P>0.05);CSN3基因经HaeⅢ酶切没有发现多态性。对βlg基因5′侧翼区的分析发现,AA基因型个体各胎次产奶量均比AB型高,其中在第2、3胎产奶量和平均产奶量3项指标上都达到显著水平(P<0.05),提示βlg基因的A等位基因可能与高产奶性能有关。     

鸭前胰岛素原基因多态性及其与屠体性状的关联分析

以384只北京鸭 (Z2系、Z4系、Z2×Z4杂交系)和樱桃谷鸭为材料, 利用PCR-SSCP结合测序技术, 对前胰岛素原基因外显子2与部分内含子的多态性进行了研究, 并分析对屠体性状的遗传效应。结果发现存在2个单核苷酸突变位点, 即在第179位和第195位分别发生了T→C和C→T的突变。适合性χ2检验结果表明, 北京鸭各品系和樱桃谷鸭均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。最小二乘分析SNPs与屠体性状的关系表明, 在北京鸭3个品系中, 基因型 BB 在胴体重、全净膛重和胸肌重上极显著(P<0.01)高于基因型AA和AB, 在腿肌重和皮脂重上极显著(P<0.01)高于基因型AB; 基因型AA在皮脂率和全净膛重上极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)高于基因型AB。而对于樱桃谷鸭, 只有AB型在皮脂重和腹脂重上显著(P<0.05)高于基因型AA。研究结果表明, 鸭前胰岛素原基因多态性与鸭的部分屠体性状存在显著相关性, 且B等位基因有利于增加鸭的胴体重和胸肌重。     

中国梨品种S基因型鉴定的初步研究

采用PCR技术和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对6个中国梨品种的s基因型进行了鉴定研究,并与已知S基因型的日本梨品种进行了比较。研究结果表明,供试的6个中国梨品种S基因型均不相同,‘西子绿’、‘金花’和‘金水酥’各包含了S1～S7以外的新的S基因,为这些品种田间授粉品种的选配提供了参考。     

蛋鸭IP3R2基因多态性与蛋品质关联性分析

为了了解IP3R2基因对蛋鸭蛋品质的遗传效应,本研究以樱桃谷鸭、三穗鸭和兴义鸭为实验材料,采用PCR产物直接测序法对IP3R2基因g.70681～g.71200和g.71864～g.72386区域进行单核苷酸多态性筛查,应用一般线性模型分析多态座位对三穗鸭蛋品质的影响。结果显示,在IP3R2基因中g.70681～g.71200共检测到2个SNPs位点,分别为g.70868 CT和g.70871 CT,2个SNPs位点完全连锁,均位于内含子2,共检测到2种基因型:CC和CT,等位基因C的频率在3个鸭品种中均为优势等位基因,三穗鸭群体中该多态座位为低度多态座位,樱桃谷鸭和兴义鸭群体中均为中度多态座位,樱桃谷鸭群体的杂合度最高、有效等位基因数最大,分别为0.475 8和1.907 7,三穗鸭群体则最低,分别为0.284 8和1.398 2;卡方(χ2)检验发现,该多态座位在樱桃谷鸭群体中基因型分布极显著偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡(p0.01),三穗鸭和兴义鸭群体基因型分布均未偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(p0.05)。关联性分析表明,IP3R2基因多态座位对蛋黄色泽的影响达到显著性水平(p0.05),CC基因型个体显著高于CT基因型个体(p0.05),其他蛋品质指标在2个基因型间差异未能达到显著水平(p0.05)。IP3R2基因g.70681～g.71200多态座位对鸭的蛋壳品质的影响未达显著水平,但却对蛋黄色泽有显著影响,为进一步研究其功能提供参考。     

CSN1S2、CSN3和β-Ig基因对西农萨能奶山羊产奶性能的影响

利用PCR-RFLP技术对69只西农萨能奶山羊群体的CSN1S2基因、CSN3基因和β-Ig基因多态性与产奶性状的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,CSMS2基因的不同基因型与产奶性能间存在相关性：FF基因型个体前4胎平均产奶量显著低于NN基因型个体（P〈0．05）,FF基因型个体第2胎产奶量比NN基因型个体低90kg以上（P〈0．01）,提示CSMS2基因座F等位基因可能与低产奶量有关。在CSN3-HindⅢ基因座中,DE和EE基因型个体在第1、2、3、4胎产奶量和平均产奶量上差异不显著（P〉0．05）;在CSN3-TaqI基因座中,TT、TC和CC3种基因型个体在第1、2、3、4胎产奶量和平均产奶量上差异不显著（P〉0．05）;CSN3基因经HaeⅢ酶切没有发现多态性。对β-Ig基因5’侧翼区的分析发现,AA基因型个体各胎次产奶量均比AB型高,其中在第2、3胎产奶量和平均产奶量3项指标上都达到显著水平（P〈0．05）,提示β-Ig基因的A等位基因可能与高产奶性能有关。     

E 选择素基因多态性与新疆哈萨克族患者脑梗死的关系

目的:探讨E一选择素(E-selectin)基因多态性与新疆哈萨克族患者脑梗死(cebreral infarction,CI)的关系。方法:采用聚合酶链反应一限制性片段长度多态性(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)和DNA序列测定法检测103例CI及110例对照组E-selectin基因第4外显子A561C(S128R)、第10外显子C1839T(L554F)多态性。结果:E-se-lectin基因S128R基因型频率和等位基因频率在CI组和对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),基因型频率的相对风险分析发现,SR基因型携带者患CI的风险是SS基因型的2.355倍(OR=2.355,95%CI:1.209～4.588);E-selectin L554F基因型在两组中的分布差异有显著性(X2=5.463,P<0.05),基因型频率的相对风险分析,LF基因型患CI的风险是LL基因型的2.315倍(OR=2.315,95%CI:1.132～4.737)。结论:E-selectin S128R和L554F多态性与脑梗死易感性有关;R等位基因和F等位基因可能是新疆哈萨克族CI发病的遗传易感基因。     

新疆维吾尔族和哈萨克族人群3个微卫星座位分析

采用基因扫描技术研究了新疆维吾尔族和哈萨克族群体D16S539、D13S317、D7S8203个微卫星位点上的等位基因及基因型分布情况,获得3个基因座的群体遗传学数据。结果表明3个基因位点在两民族中均具有遗传多态性,两民族样本在这3个微卫星位点基因频率分布大致相同。     

基于cDNA芯片的梨品种S基因型鉴定及新S-RNase基因进化分析

梨品种S基因型鉴定对梨栽培中授粉品种选择和遗传育种都具有重要意义。本研究利用梨S-RNase基因荧光标记的特异引物PCR扩增获得梨品种荧光标记的cDNA特异产物;进一步完善梨S-RNase基因cDNA芯片,以被检测梨品种cDNA特异序列与梨S-RNase基因cDNA芯片杂交检测不同梨品种S基因型,并发现新的S-RNase基因。结果表明:利用梨S-RNase基因cDNA芯片鉴定了泸定王皮梨、兴山24号、弥渡百合等35个未知S基因型梨品种,确定了各品种的S基因型。结合PCRRFLP及DNA克隆和测序等技术,发现了7个新的S-RNase基因资源,获得了新S-RNase基因序列。序列分析表明各新S-RNase基因均具有S-RNase基因特异区域序列的典型特征;进化分析显示7个新S-RNase基因主要属于蔷薇科苹果亚科S-RNase类群,且存在种间和属间比种内和属内进化关系更近的现象。7个新的S基因分别命名为:PpS_(53)(Pyrus pyrifolia S53)、PpS_(54)、PpS_(55)、PpS_(56)、PpS_(57)、PpS_(58)和PpS_(59),GenBank登录号分别为:KX581753、KX581754、KX581755、KX581756、KX581757、KX581751和KX581752。     

五株人冠状病毒NL63的基因型鉴定及S1domain基因特征分析

为阐明我国部分地区人冠状病毒(Human coronavirus,HCoV)NL63基因特征,本研究对2013年陕西省、2018年河南省和湖南省送检的5株HCoV-NL63核酸检测阳性的呼吸道样本进行HCoV-NL63基因型别鉴定及S1 do-main基因特征分析。通过对HCoV-NL63棘突蛋白(Spike glycoprotein,S)基因的S1 domain区域进行基因扩增和序列测定,同时结合GenBank数据库下载的1983～2018年其他国家74条HCoV-NL63代表株序列和2007～2010年中国流行的12条HCoV-NL63代表株序列,构建基因亲缘性关系树,并对S蛋白的S1 domain区域进行核苷酸序列比对分析。结果提示全球HCoV-NL63流行株可划分为A和B两个基因型;A基因型可进一步划分为A0,A1,A2和A3四个基因亚型,其中本研究将GenBank中2008年中国流行的2株HCoV-NL63毒株划分为新基因亚型(A3);B基因型可进一步划分为B0,B1和B2三个基因亚型。A和B基因型的HCoV-NL63代表株序列在地域分布上无明显差异,但A基因型不同基因亚型的HCoV-NL63序列在年代分布上呈现出一定的时间进化趋势。在我国A和B基因型HCoV-NL63均已被检测到,但主要以A基因型流行为主,且主要集中在A1和A2基因亚型。不同基因型HCoV-NL63序列在S1 domain区域核苷酸和氨基酸序列上存在特征性差异。本研究通过对五株HCoV-NL63基因型鉴定及S1 domain基因特征分析,初步阐明了我国部分地区流行的HCoV-NL63基因型/基因亚型分布情况及基因特征,丰富了我国本土流行的HCoV-NL63基因数据库,为我国HCoV-NL63分子流行病学研究及分子检测和监测技术的改进和验证提供了基础基因数据。     

E选择素基因多态性与新疆哈萨克族患者脑梗死的关系

目的：探讨E一选择素（E-selectin）基因多态性与新疆哈萨克族患者脑梗死（cebreral infarction,CI）的关系。方法：采用聚合酶链反应一限制性片段长度多态性（polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP）和DNA序列测定法检测103例CI及110例对照组E-selectin基因第4外显子A561C（S128R）、第10外显子C1839T（L554F）多态性。结果：E-se-lectin基因S128R基因型频率和等位基因频率在CI组和对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,基因型频率的相对风险分析发现,SR基因型携带者患CI的风险是SS基因型的2.355倍（OR=2.355,95%CI：1.209～4.588）;E-selectin L554F基因型在两组中的分布差异有显著性（X2=5.463,P〈0.05）,基因型频率的相对风险分析,LF基因型患CI的风险是LL基因型的2.315倍（OR=2.315,95%CI：1.132～4.737）。结论：E-selectin S128R和L554F多态性与脑梗死易感性有关;R等位基因和F等位基因可能是新疆哈萨克族CI发病的遗传易感基因。     

斜茎黄芪根瘤菌结瘤基因nodA PCR扩增及PCR-RFLP分析

对采自我国北方地区的16株斜茎黄芪根瘤菌代表菌株的共同结瘤基因nodA进行了PCR扩增及PCR-RFLP分析研究。来自Mesorhizobium和Rhizobium系统发育分支的代表菌株都得到了nodA PCR扩增产物;而来自Agrobacterium系统发育分支的代表菌株都没有得到nodA PCR扩增产物。进一步的nodAPCR-RFLP分析结果表明斜茎黄芪根瘤菌具有很大的nodA基因遗传多样性,具有4种不同的16S rDNAPCR-RFLP遗传图谱类型的12株斜茎黄芪根瘤菌具有8种不同的nodA PCR-RFLP遗传图谱类型。但是斜茎黄芪根瘤菌nodA基因遗传多样性随种群而变化,来自M.septentrionale的具有相同的16S rDNA PCR-RFLP遗传图谱类型的4个代表菌株具有4种不同的nodA PCR-RFLP遗传图谱类型;而来自M.tempera-tum的具有相同的16S rDNA PCR-RFLP遗传图谱类型3个代表菌株则具有相同的nodA PCR-RFLP遗传图谱类型。此外,来自不同种的具有不同16S rDNA PCR-RFLP遗传图谱类型的菌株却具有相同的nodA PCR-RFLP遗传图谱类型,说明nodA基因可能在根瘤菌的不同种间发生了水平转移。     

Molecular Characterization of Acanthamoeba spp. Occurring in Water Bodies and Patients in Poland and Redefinition of Polish T16 Genotype

Acanthamoeba genus is divided into 20 genotypes (T1–T20) on the basis of the gene encoding 18S rRNA sequence. Using of at least 2 kbp gene fragments is strongly recommended to identify new genotypes and 5% difference is commonly used as a criterion of new genotypes, however, this value is questionable. In this paper, Polish Acanthamoeba strains described earlier on the basis of ~850 bp Ami fragment of 18S rRNA gene as T4, T11 and a new T16 genotype, have been analyzed using near‐complete sequence of the gene. This analysis was needed because the Ami fragment does not reveal full variability within 18S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on Ami fragment is biased by artifacts in the construction of the tree, so the fragment should not be used for identification of new putative Acanthamoeba genotypes. The analysis confirmed that the Polish sequences represent T4 and T11 genotypes and that the strains described earlier as T16 genotype are in fact a new subgroup of the T20 genotype and that this genotype should be divided into two subgroups: T20a (two strains described by [J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 62 (2015) 69]) and T20b (11 Polish strains described in this study). The T20b subgroup was isolated from both clinical samples and water bodies used by people as bathing places and there is a risk of infection for humans during contact with water.     

不同紫花苜蓿品种根瘤菌遗传多样性的PCR-SSCP分析

用PCR-SSCP方法对分离自23个紫花苜蓿品种的42株供试根瘤菌和2株苜蓿根瘤菌参比菌株Sinorhi-zobium meliloti、Sinorhizobium medica进行遗传多样性分析.结果表明,供试的紫花苜蓿根瘤菌存在丰富的遗传多样性,在16S rDNA的V2~V3区段中有12种不同的等位基因,V4~V5区段有13种不同的等位基因,基因型27个;大部分供试菌株的基因型各不相同,来自同一品种菌株之间表现出不同的基因型,来自不同品种的菌株却表现出相同的基因型;9株供试菌株在V2~V3区段的基因型与参比菌株S.meliloti相同,所有供试菌株的基因型与参比菌株S.medica都不同.     

Determining self-incompatibility genotypes in Belgian wild cherries

ABSTRACT The self-incompatibility (S) genotypes of a collection of 65 Belgian accessions of wild cherry, selected within two populations and planted in a seed orchard, were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Initially, DNA extracts were amplified with consensus primers that amplify across the second intron of the S-ribonuclease gene which shows considerable length polymorphism. The provisional genotypes deduced were checked with the appropriate allele-specific primers for the known alleles S(1) to S(16). Putative new alleles were subjected to PCR with consensus primers amplifying across the first intron. Six new alleles, S(17) to S(22), were thus indicated on the basis of the estimated lengths of the first and second intron PCR products. Examples of these alleles were partially sequenced and were indeed mutually distinct and different from the known alleles. The incompatibility genotypes of all 65 accessions were determined and one triploid individual was found. Seventeen alleles were detected in all. Allele frequencies differed between samples and the expected total number of alleles in the underlying populations was estimated. The wild cherry populations differed significantly with respect to allelic frequencies from sweet cherry cultivars; alleles S(4) and S(5), which are moderately frequent in sweet cherry, were absent from the wild cherry accessions. The knowledge of the S genotypes will be useful for studying the gene flow within the seed orchard and these approaches should also be informative in wild populations.     

建立一种反向斑点杂交法检测肺炎支原体23S rRNAV区A2063G基因突变的方法

目的建立检测肺炎支原体（Mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP）23S rRNA V区2063基因型的反向斑点杂交方法,并与PCR产物直接测序法的结果进行比较分析。方法19例自临床咽拭子标本分离培养的MP,用自行设计的反向斑点杂交法检测23S rRNA V区2063基因型,同时对相应序列测序分析。抽提标准菌株FH和127份经PCR测定MP阳性的临床标本基因组DNA,用MP阴性的基因组DNA抽提物5份作阴性对照,用反向斑点杂交法检测23S rRNA V区2063基因型。结果19例分离培养的MP,经反向斑点杂交法检测15株有23S rRNA V区基因A2063G位点突变;4株为2063A,与测序结果一致（Kappa一致性检验,P〉0.05）。经反向斑点杂交法检测,127份MP阳性的基因组DNA抽提物中有122份标本为A2063G位点突变,标准菌株FH和2份DNA抽提物的2063位点碱基为A,还有3份抽提物标本的2063位点碱基既有A又有G,5份阴性对照均无显色。结论反向斑点杂交方法能快速、准确检测临床MP 23S rRNA V区2063基因型。     

The CSN1S1?N and F alleles identified by PCR-SSCP and their associations with milk yield and composition in Chinese dairy goats

A method was depicted to identify null allele CSN1S1 N and low allele CSN1S1 F of the CSN1S1 gene of goat using PCR-SSCP (polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism). First, primer A was designed to amplify the exon 9 of CSN1S1 gene which produced three genotypes AA, AB, and BB. Among these three genotypes, only AA and AB individuals had a cytosine deletion at exon 9 after DNA sequencing, which cannot be used to identify the N and F alleles. Therefore, primer B was used to amplify intron 14 of CSN1S1 of described AA and AB individuals. Genotypes FF, FN and NN were detected within AA individuals and genotypes FO and NO were detected in the above AB individuals. The frequencies of F and N alleles in 708 samples from Xinong Saanen (XS) and Guanzhong (GZ) dairy goat breeds were 0.1139, 0.0927, and 0.2376, 0.1193, respectively. In 268 XS samples, the individuals with NN genotype contained a significant lower protein content than that of other genotypes (P<0.01). Individuals of FF genotype had significant higher milk yield than that of NO genotype in the first milk lactation of 202 XS individuals (P<0.05). Therefore, the variability at CSN1S1 locus contains enough genetic diversity to be potentially useful in improving the quality and production of milk in Chinese dairy goat breeds.     

尼罗罗非鱼ghrelin基因的多态性及其与生长性状相关SNP位点的筛选

为了研究尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)生长激素促分泌素基因(ghrelin)的多态性及其与生长的相关性, 研究以两个尼罗罗非鱼群体(快长群体和基础群体)的DNA样本各40份为模板, 通过PCR扩增和测序获得ghrelin基因序列。通过Dnasp v5和MEGA 5.0分析序列多态性、筛选有效SNP 位点; 采用Snapshot法对两个群体子代ghrelin基因中SNP位点进行基因分型, 然后分析SNP位点基因型与生长性状的相关性。结果表明, 快长群体ghrelin基因中的单核苷酸变异位点数(S)比基础群体要少, 而核苷酸多态性(Pi)和平均核苷酸差异数(K)要略高于基础群体。共筛得3个有效SNP 位点(S1、S2和S3), 均分布于第1个内含子中。遗传结构分析表明, 3个SNP 位点在两个群体的子代中均为低度多态性位点(PIC0.25), 但处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05);快长群体子代中3个SNP 位点的观测杂合度、期望杂合度和多态信息含量等遗传多样性参数均小于基础群体子代的相应值, 3个SNP 位点的遗传多样性参数、基因型和基因频率在同一群体中高度一致, SNP 位点之间完全连锁。两个群体子代中3个SNP 位点处的优势基因型相同, 但快长群体子代中优势基因型频率要明显大于基础群体子代中相应基因型频率。对两个群体子代的生长性状与SNP基因型进行关联性分析的结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼个体的多项生长指标(体重、体长、体高、头长和尾柄高等)在不同基因型中存在显著差异(S1:GG AG, S2:TT AT, S3:AA AT)(P0.05)。D1双倍型(S1:GG, S2:TT, S3:AA)所对应的尼罗罗非鱼个体的多项生长指标(体重、体长、体高、头长和尾柄高等)显著高于D2双倍型(S1:AG, S2:AT, S3:AT)。以上结果表明, 尼罗罗非鱼ghrelin基因3个SNP 位点完全连锁, D1双倍型与快长性状密切相关, 可作为尼罗罗非鱼分子标记辅助育种的候选标记。     

Genotypes of vitamin-D-binding protein (DBP) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy population of Republic Bashkortostan

The distribution of alleles and genotypes of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene has been studied in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD, n = 298) and healthy individuals (n = 237) from two ethnic groups (Tatars and Russians) living in Republic Bashkortostan. Statistically significant differences in the distribution of DBP gene genotypes between Tatars and Russians (chi2 = 8.854, df = 5, P = 0.04) were revealed. The pattern of allele's distribution within DBP gene was similar in healthy control subjects of both ethnic groups, with gradient reduction in row GC*1S> GC*1F> GC*2. The most common genotypes were: GC*1F/1S in Tatars (36.79%) and GC*1S/2 in Russians (34.62%). It has been shown, that Tatars with genotype GC*1F/1S have a lower risk of COPD development: the frequency of GC*1F/1S genotype in COPD patients was significantly lower than in healthy individuals (19.85% versus 36.79%; chi2 = 7.622, P = 0.0067, Pcor = 0.0335; OR = 0.42 CI 95% 0.22-0.79). At the same time, COPD patients from the same group had higher frequency of GC* 1F/2 genotype than healthy individuals (19.08% versus 8.49%; chi2 = 4.52, P = 0.033, Pcor = 0.165; OR = 2.54 CI 95% 1.067-6.20). In Russian population the distribution of alleles and genotypes of DBP gene were similar in COPD patients and healthy individuals.     

Identification of novel Cryptosporidium genotypes from the Czech Republic

Isolates of Cryptosporidium from the Czech Republic were characterized from a variety of different hosts using sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 18S ribosomal DNA and the heat-shock (HSP-70) gene. Analysis expanded the host range of accepted species and identified several novel genotypes, including horse, Eurasian woodcock, rabbit, and cervid genotypes.