首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
 人参对生态环境的适应性很广,有广阔的地域性。根据对主产区气候的分析,在构成人参生态气候条件的诸因子中,选择了种植高度、最热月温度、年降水量,年相对湿度、无霜期等五个主要因子。应用Fuzzy(模糊)集理论对上述五个因子建立了隶属函数模型。用公式求出综合评价指数。把全省分成五个人参生态气候适宜程度不同的区域。人参最适宜地带是靠近长白山主峰东西两侧400—900米的山丘地带,以及东至日本海间的朝鲜北部的咸镜南、北两道和两江道等地方。低纬度地区往往以提高种植高度来选择适宜的温度条件的地带种植。其上、下界高度的计算公式分别为:H1=(16.3-0.255f)/0.55 H2=(10.9-0.255f)/0.55  相似文献   

2.
基于生态位和模糊数学的冬小麦适宜性评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王丽  李阳煦  王培法  王晓英  罗阳欢  吴浩 《生态学报》2016,36(14):4465-4474
为定量评价气象、土壤等要素对作物生长的影响,利用江苏省及周边40个气象站1980—2010年日气象资料,选取影响冬小麦品种生长发育的主要气象(如气温、降水、日照时数等)和土壤(如土壤厚度、有机质和p H值等)生态因子,基于生态位理论和模糊数学的方法,依据冬小麦生长对生态各因子的响应关系建立各生态因子适宜度模型,借助GIS空间插值和空间分析,计算江苏省冬小麦品种的种植适宜度并进行等级划分。结果表明:从单要素看,研究区气温适宜度和日照时数适宜度都由北往南逐渐降低,降水适宜度由南往北逐渐降低;大部分地区土壤厚度和土壤有机质适宜,但大部分地区的p H值适宜度较低;从气候适宜度看,江苏省气候适宜度的范围为0.68—0.81,中北部大部分区域适宜度大于0.73,全省的气候适宜度均适合种植冬小麦,大体上呈现由北往南逐渐减小的变化;从土壤适宜度看,全省中部、南部与西北部大部分区域适宜度大于0.70,适合种植冬小麦。从综合适宜度看,全省大部分地区适宜度为0.50—0.86,适宜于冬小麦生长。综合考虑农业气候资源和土壤资源对江苏省冬小麦品种种植的综合适宜性进行评价,评价结果为充分利用江苏省农业生态资源、指导及科学制定冬小麦品种区域种植规划提供科学依据;按作物品种分生育期多角度的精细化研究方法和建立的各因子的适宜度模型可为今后作物区域适宜性评价提供一种新的思路,对同类研究具有一定的借鉴作用。  相似文献   

3.
为了解气候变化情景下苦参在中国的潜在分布区变化,探讨生物气候因子与苦参适宜分布格局的关系。该文通过收集苦参的地理分布点并结合19项生态因子,运用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)和地理信息系统(ArcGIS)对末次盛冰期、当前气候、未来气候三种气候情景下苦参在我国适生区的分布格局进行模拟,并分析影响苦参生长的主导生态因子。结果表明:(1)当前气候条件下,最暖季度平均温度(bio10)、最湿季度降水量(bio16)是影响苦参分布的主导气候因子。(2)苦参的适宜生境占我国国土总面积的35.90%,高适生区主要分布在我国800 mm等降水量线与400 mm等降水量线之间的地区。(3)在末次盛冰期至未来气候情境下,苦参在我国的适宜生境面积逐渐减少,呈现递减的趋势,且整体有向高纬度地区移动的趋势。(4)当前气候条件下苦参的适宜生境面积较末次盛冰期减少0.3%,未来气候条件下苦参的适宜生境面积较当前气候减少0.75%。全球气候变暖对苦参潜在分布区具有一定负面影响,造成苦参的适宜生境缩减、实际生态位变窄,一定程度上不利于苦参的生长。该研究结果为苦参的野生保育及人工栽培的合理布局提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

4.
晋东南潞党参生态气候适生种植区划   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于晋东南地区16个国家气象观测站1981—2018年的气候资料,分析了气候因子与潞党参产量的相关性。选取全生育期≥10℃积温和降水量、根生长期平均气温以及苗期降水量等主要影响因子作为生态气候区划指标,选取DEM和土壤质地作为地理环境影响指标,分别建立各指标的空间分析模型,按照90 m×90 m的细网格进行推算,采用隶属函数计算得到的各指标评判值以及熵权法确定的权重系数,构建了潞党参生态气候适生综合评判指标,对晋东南地区潞党参生态气候适生种植区进行了区划。结果表明:晋东南地区潞党参生态气候适宜区主要分布在东部太行山区、西部太岳山区以及晋城西南部的太岳山和中条山的交界处,区域内光温水资源匹配较好,适宜潞党参生长发育;较适宜区主要分布在太行山和太岳山向中部上党盆地和晋城盆地过渡的浅山丘陵区,该区域热量条件较好,降水资源相对短缺;不适宜区主要分布在上党盆地和晋城盆地的中心区域,区域海拔较低,夏季高温,不适宜潞党参种植。本研究结果可为晋东南地区潞党参优化生态布局,科学、合理利用气候资源提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
本文采用灰色系统理论和方法,研究了安徽省各蚕区的蚕桑生产与气候因子的变化规律,通过关联分析,研究了影响各蚕区的气候因子,建立了年茧量及亩桑产茧量的灰色静动态模型.研究结果表明,气温、降水、日照是影响各蚕区蚕桑生产的主要因子,但由于不同蚕区气候条件的差异,各蚕区的重点气候因子又各不相同;利用气候因子所建立的方程,与年茧量、亩桑产茧量的实际值及变化规律有很好的拟合度.  相似文献   

6.
 本文研究了无机营养对春小麦一些抗旱适应性的影响,主要包括:渗透调节的大小和变化过程、可溶性糖的积累、脯氨酸的积累、叶片导度的变化、离体叶片的失水速率、叶面积和耗水量的变化、根系生长和根/植冠值,并且分析了各个处理植株的水分利用效率(WUE)和产量的变异。认为,在干旱条件下,无机营养对于春小麦不同器官、不同生理功能,并不都具有一致的作用。有的利于提高植株的抗旱性,有的可以改变一些适应性产生的时间和发展过程,有的则不利于植株的抗旱性。通过综合分析,提出旱地施肥使作物增产的主要原因是,营养元素满足了作物生长所需,促进了根系发育,利于吸收水分、维持水分平衡和正常生理功能,但对作物自身的耐旱性并没有产生显著影响。  相似文献   

7.
吉林通化地区杨树栽培的生态区划   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
选取通化地区与杨树生长有密切关系的、具典型代表和鲜明时空分布规律的气候因子和自然地理因子作为统计指标,运用聚类分析方法对全区林业生态环境进行分类区划,划分为4个气候小区;调查全区26个引种的杨树生长状况,重点针对其抗寒性进行分类分级;针对杨树新品种与该地区环境适应性关系,确定杨树栽培的生态区划结果,并对每一气候小区的特殊情况具体分析,提出杨树引种栽培的科学依据.  相似文献   

8.
黄山松年轮生长和气候的关系   总被引:10,自引:6,他引:4  
对黄山山顶面区黄山松林分中个体年轮生长规律进行了研究,分析了黄山松年轮生长的特点.求算不同年龄阶段的个体年轮生长的时间模型,建立年轮指数,通过与各相关气候因子的逐步回归,最终获得黄山松年轮指数与气候因子的相关方程,为研究黄山松的生长及建立黄山地区气候的历史变化提供了基础资料.分析表明,黄山地区黄山松具有较宽范围的年轮敏感度(MS).其年轮生长模型揭示,影响直径生长主要因子是生长当年>10℃积温期间的太阳辐射,其次为积温,与降水量无显著相关性;当年4月份的气候因子与年轮生长有显著相关关系.年轮生长与当年4、7月的辐射呈正相关,与当年4月平均气温呈负相关.当年4月降水与年轮生长有一定关系,但其相关性不十分显著.  相似文献   

9.
作物的生态适宜性空间分布格局对于掌握作物生长适宜区域具有重要的作用。陕北红枣, 作为该地区的特色经济作物, 其生态适宜性分布特征尚不明晰。因此, 本文基于层次分析法确定适宜地形、气候、土壤及植被因子权重, 通过地理信息系统(GIS)技术确定陕北地区红枣生态适宜性空间分布等级和面积。结果表明, 陕北地区红枣生态适宜区自陕北南部和东南部向西北和北部地区递减, 年降雨量、年积温及高程是限制红枣在陕北西北部适宜生长的主要环境因子; 红枣最佳生态适宜区和次适宜区主要集中于富县、黄龙县、甘泉县及宜川县。其中, 红枣最佳适宜区和次适宜区面积在富县分别达到5036.58 hm2、23114.25 hm2, 即富县是陕北红枣生态适宜性分布的最优区县。一般适宜区主要集中于延长县、绥德县、清涧县、延川县、宜川县、子洲县及宝塔区。因此, 未来可以在红枣优适宜区进行精准培育种植, 着重提升红枣品质。在一般适宜区增加红枣种植面积, 提高红枣总产量。以期为该地区红枣优化生产提供科学依据, 实现陕北精品红枣规模化发展。  相似文献   

10.
三北地区防护林气候生态适应性分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
针对目前三北地区防护林出现的衰退、死亡等问题,探讨了该区林木生长的气候生态适应性,并指出这种现象的出现与当地恶劣的气候条件有很大关系.其中,限制三北地区防护林正常生长发育的主要气候因子是降水量不足、蒸发量过大,其次为风大且持续日数长;而温度与日照则不是限制三北地区防护林生长的气候因子.基于此,从气候生态适应性角度出发,提出因地制宜合理营造三北地区防护林的建议.  相似文献   

11.
罗怀良  闫宁 《生态学报》2016,36(24):7981-7991
在分析盐亭县近63年来(1950—2012)种植业生产发展的基础上,选取该县农村社会经济条件相对稳定的近32年(1981—2012)为研究时段。运用农业生态气候适宜度方法,依据水稻、红薯、玉米、小麦和油菜等5种主要作物生育期的光、热、水等气候条件,分别估算各种作物的资源适宜指数、效能适宜指数和利用指数,构建小尺度区域种植业气候适宜度模型和种植活动对区域种植业气候适宜度的影响度模型,进行小尺度区域种植业气候适宜度以及种植活动对种植业气候适宜度的影响度估算,并对种植业生产对气候变化的适应进行探讨。研究结果表明,(1)近32年来盐亭县大春作物的平均资源适宜指数、效能适宜指数和利用指数(分别为0.578、0.281和48.37%)均大于小春作物(分别为0.304、0.128和42.24%),大春作物的气候适宜度高于小春作物,且作物间的气候适宜度差异较大。(2)受季风气候波动的影响,该县作物气候适宜度有明显的年际波动;该县近32年来气候变化对大春作物气候适宜度有轻微不利影响,而对小春作物气候适宜度趋于有利。(3)盐亭县近32年来种植业平均的资源适宜指数为0.466、效能适宜指数为0.212、利用指数为45.49%;受5种作物资源适宜指数、效能适宜指数,以及作物播种面积与产量年际波动的综合影响,该县种植业气候适宜度亦有明显的年际波动;气候变化对该县种植业气候适宜度总体上有不利影响。(4)近32年来该县种植活动对种植业气候适宜度的影响度平均值为0.00092,其年际波动较大。通过作物种植组合结构的调整,在20世纪90年代中期前对种植业气候适宜度的提高有微弱的正向影响,对气候变化有一定程度的适应;而后期则有负向作用。  相似文献   

12.
Barney JN  DiTomaso JM 《PloS one》2011,6(3):e17222
The global push towards a more biomass-based energy sector is ramping up efforts to adopt regionally appropriate high-yielding crops. As potential bioenergy crops are being moved around the world an assessment of the climatic suitability would be a prudent first step in identifying suitable areas of productivity and risk. Additionally, this assessment also provides a necessary step in evaluating the invasive potential of bioenergy crops, which present a possible negative externality to the bioeconomy. Therefore, we provide the first global climate niche assessment for the major graminaceous (9), herbaceous (3), and woody (4) bioenergy crops. Additionally, we contrast these with climate niche assessments for North American invasive species that were originally introduced for agronomic purposes as examples of well-intentioned introductions gone awry. With few exceptions (e.g., Saccharum officinarum, Pennisetum purpureum), the bioenergy crops exhibit broad climatic tolerance, which allows tremendous flexibility in choosing crops, especially in areas with high summer rainfall and long growing seasons (e.g., southeastern US, Amazon Basin, eastern Australia). Unsurprisingly, the invasive species of agronomic origin have very similar global climate niche profiles as the proposed bioenergy crops, also demonstrating broad climatic tolerance. The ecoregional evaluation of bioenergy crops and known invasive species demonstrates tremendous overlap at both high (EI≥30) and moderate (EI≥20) climate suitability. The southern and western US ecoregions support the greatest number of invasive species of agronomic origin, especially the Southeastern USA Plains, Mixed Woods Plains, and Mediterranean California. Many regions of the world have a suitable climate for several bioenergy crops allowing selection of agro-ecoregionally appropriate crops. This model knowingly ignores the complex biotic interactions and edaphic conditions, but provides a robust assessment of the climate niche, which is valuable for agronomists, crop developers, and regulators seeking to choose agro-ecoregionally appropriate crops while minimizing the risk of invasive species.  相似文献   

13.
Aim To simulate the sowing dates of 11 major annual crops at the global scale at high spatial resolution, based on climatic conditions and crop‐specific temperature requirements. Location Global. Methods Sowing dates under rainfed conditions are simulated deterministically based on a set of rules depending on crop‐ and climate‐specific characteristics. We assume that farmers base their timing of sowing on experiences with past precipitation and temperature conditions, with the intra‐annual variability being especially important. The start of the growing period is assumed to be dependent either on the onset of the wet season or on the exceeding of a crop‐specific temperature threshold for emergence. To validate our methodology, a global data set of observed monthly growing periods (MIRCA2000) is used. Results We show simulated sowing dates for 11 major field crops world‐wide and give rules for determining their sowing dates in a specific climatic region. For all simulated crops, except for rapeseed and cassava, in at least 50% of the grid cells and on at least 60% of the cultivated area, the difference between simulated and observed sowing dates is less than 1 month. Deviations of more than 5 months occur in regions characterized by multiple‐cropping systems, in tropical regions which, despite seasonality, have favourable conditions throughout the year, and in countries with large climatic gradients. Main conclusions Sowing dates under rainfed conditions for various annual crops can be satisfactorily estimated from climatic conditions for large parts of the earth. Our methodology is globally applicable, and therefore suitable for simulating sowing dates as input for crop growth models applied at the global scale and taking climate change into account.  相似文献   

14.
Bioenergy is expected to play a critical role in climate change mitigation. Most integrated assessment models assume an expansion of agricultural land for cultivation of energy crops. This study examines the suitability of land for growing a range of energy crops on areas that are not required for food production, accounting for climate change impacts and conservation requirements. A global fuzzy logic model is employed to ascertain the suitable cropping areas for a number of sugar, starch and oil crops, energy grasses and short rotation tree species that could be grown specifically for energy. Two climate change scenarios are modelled (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5), along with two scenarios representing the land which cannot be used for energy crops due to forest and biodiversity conservation, food agriculture and urban areas. Results indicate that 40% of the global area currently suitable for energy crops overlaps with food land and 31% overlaps with forested or protected areas, highlighting hotspots of potential land competition risks. Approximately 18.8 million km2 is suitable for energy crops, to some degree, and does not overlap with protected, forested, urban or food agricultural land. Under the climate change scenario RCP8.5, this increases to 19.6 million km2 by the end of the century. Broadly, climate change is projected to decrease suitable areas in southern regions and increase them in northern regions, most notably for grass crops in Russia and China, indicating that potential production areas will shift northwards which could potentially affect domestic use and trade of biomass significantly. The majority of the land which becomes suitable is in current grasslands and is just marginally or moderately suitable. This study therefore highlights the vital importance of further studies examining the carbon and ecosystem balance of this potential land‐use change, energy crop yields in sub‐optimal soil and climatic conditions and potential impacts on livelihoods.  相似文献   

15.
孙特生  李波  张新时 《生态学报》2012,32(19):6155-6167
气候变化对区域生态系统结构和功能有重大影响。以中国北方农牧交错区的准格尔旗为例,利用气象和《统计年鉴》数据,采用数理统计方法分析准格尔旗1961—2009年降水量、平均气温的波动特征,计算出该地区1961—2009年农业生态系统NPP值和主要农作物的气候产量,论述了准格尔旗农业生态系统生产力对气候波动的响应。结果表明:(1)降水量和平均气温的年际、年内波动均显著。(2)准格尔旗农业生态系统生产力呈现阶段性地波动上升趋势。排除社会、科技等影响,气候生产力对气候波动表现出较强的敏感性,是作物气候生态适应的结果。(3)中国北方雨养旱作区,粮食气候产量受降水量年际波动(特别是7、8月)显著影响;谷子、糜黍、玉米、薯类、大豆和油料等农作物的气候产量与降水量年际波动呈显著正相关;谷子、糜黍的气候产量与生长季降水量年内波动呈显著负相关。集水型生态农业是北方农牧交错区生态环境友好的农业发展模式。(4)谷子、糜黍、薯类、大豆和油料等农作物的气候产量与6、7、8月平均气温年际波动呈显著负相关;生长季平均气温年内波动对谷子、糜黍、大豆和油料等农作物的气候产量有显著负面影响。因此,需要综合采取工程、生物和农业措施,将气候变化对主要农作物气候产量的不利影响降到最低。  相似文献   

16.
Climate change is expected to be a significant threat to biodiversity, including crop diversity at centers of origin and diversification. As a way to avoid food scarcity in the future, it is important to have a better understanding of the possible impacts of climate change on crops. We evaluated these impacts on maize, one of the most important crops worldwide, and its wild relatives Tripsacum and Teocintes. Maize is the staple crop in Mexico and Mesoamerica, and there are currently about 59 described races in Mexico, which is considered its center of origin . In this study, we modeled the distribution of maize races and its wild relatives in Mexico for the present and for two time periods in the future (2030 and 2050), to identify the potentially most vulnerable taxa and geographic regions in the face of climate change. Bioclimatic distribution of crops has seldom been modeled, probably because social and cultural factors play an important role on crop suitability. Nonetheless, rainfall and temperature still represent a major influence on crop distribution pattern, particularly in rainfed crop systems under traditional agrotechnology. Such is the case of Mexican maize races and consequently, climate change impacts can be expected. Our findings generally show significant reductions of potential distribution areas by 2030 and 2050 in most cases. However, future projections of each race show contrasting responses to climatic scenarios. Several evaluated races show new potential distribution areas in the future, suggesting that proper management may favor diversity conservation. Modeled distributions of Tripsacum species and Teocintes indicate more severe impacts compared with maize races. Our projections lead to in situ and ex situ conservation recommended actions to guarantee the preservation of the genetic diversity of Mexican maize.  相似文献   

17.
孟凡超  郭军  周莉  熊明明  张雷 《生态学杂志》2017,28(12):4117-4126
气温、大气CO2浓度和降水等气候因子是影响作物生长发育的关键因子,而不同的气候因子对作物的影响并非独立的,多气候因子交互作用对作物的影响目前已成为研究的焦点问题.研究不同气候因子交互作用的影响,其结果更接近作物生长的实际情况,有助于了解作物甚至作物生态系统对气候变化的真实响应.国内外关于不同气候因子对作物影响的报道较多,要全面总结不同气候因子交互作用对作物的影响是非常困难的.因此,本文只对近年来有关气温升高、大气CO2浓度增加和降水变化交互作用对作物生长发育、光合生理及产量影响的研究进展做一简要评述,并提出目前研究的不足和需要解决的关键问题,以期为气候变化对作物生长发育及产量影响的研究提供参考.  相似文献   

18.
基于WOFOST作物生长模型的冬小麦干旱影响评估技术   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
为了反映作物与干旱的相互关系,人为再现干旱灾害对作物产量的影响程度,选择华北地区冬小麦干旱灾害为研究对象,对作物生长模型WOFOST在区域上进行适应性进行分析、检验的基础上,然后利用区域作物模型实现干旱灾害对作物影响定量分析和动态评估。以减产率和气象条件作为灾害严重程度划分的标准,利用数值模拟试验,确定导致减产的主要气象因子及其量值,对研究区干旱灾害进行影响评估,包括典型灾害年份影响评估和年代际灾害影响评估,并给出了评估结果。  相似文献   

19.
Recent advances in ecological modeling have focused on novel methods for characterizing the environment that use presence-only data and machine-learning algorithms to predict the likelihood of species occurrence. These novel methods may have great potential for land suitability applications in the developing world where detailed land cover information is often unavailable or incomplete. This paper assesses the adaptation and application of the presence-only geographic species distribution model, MaxEnt, for agricultural crop suitability mapping in a rural Thailand where lowland paddy rice and upland field crops predominant. To assess this modeling approach, three independent crop presence datasets were used including a social-demographic survey of farm households, a remote sensing classification of land use/land cover, and ground control points, used for geodetic and thematic reference that vary in their geographic distribution and sample size. Disparate environmental data were integrated to characterize environmental settings across Nang Rong District, a region of approximately 1300 sq. km in size. Results indicate that the MaxEnt model is capable of modeling crop suitability for upland and lowland crops, including rice varieties, although model results varied between datasets due to the high sensitivity of the model to the distribution of observed crop locations in geographic and environmental space. Accuracy assessments indicate that model outcomes were influenced by the sample size and the distribution of sample points in geographic and environmental space. The need for further research into accuracy assessments of presence-only models lacking true absence data is discussed. We conclude that the MaxEnt model can provide good estimates of crop suitability, but many areas need to be carefully scrutinized including geographic distribution of input data and assessment methods to ensure realistic modeling results.  相似文献   

20.
As jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is a recent crop in Brazil, the studies for defining its suitability for different regions are not yet available, even considering the promises about this plant as of high potential for marginal zones where poor soils and dry climate occur. Based on that, the present study had as objective to characterize the climatic conditions of jatropha’s center of origin in Central America for establishing its climatic requirements and to develop the agro-climatic zoning for this crop for some Brazilian regions where, according to the literature, it would be suitable. For classifying the climatic conditions of the jatropha’s center of origin, climate data from 123 weather stations located in Mexico (93) and in Guatemala (30) were used. These data were input for Thornthwaite and Mather’s climatological water balance for determining the annual water deficiency (WD) and water surplus (WS) of each location, considering a soil water-holding capacity (SWHC) of 100 mm. Mean annual temperature (T m), WD, and WS data were organized in histograms for defining the limits of suitability for jatropha cultivation. The results showed that the suitable range of T m for jatropha cultivation is between 23 and 27 °C. T m between 15 and 22.9 °C and between 27.1 and 28 °C were classified as marginal by thermal deficiency and excess, respectively. T m below 15 °C and above 28 °C were considered as unsuitable for jatropha cultivation, respectively, by risk of frosts and physiological disturbs. For WD, suitability for rain-fed jatropha cultivation was considered when its value is below 360 mm, while between 361 and 720 mm is considered as marginal and over 720 mm unsuitable. The same order of suitability was also defined for WS, with the following limits: suitable for WS up to 1,200 mm; marginal for WS between 1,201 and 2,400 mm, and unsuitable for WS above 2,400 mm. For the crop zoning, the criteria previously defined were applied to 1,814 climate stations in the following Brazilian regions: Northeast (NE) region and the states of Goiás (GO), Tocantins (TO), and Minas Gerais (MG). The suitability maps were generated by crossing the crop climate requirements with the interpolated climate conditions of the selected regions. The maps showed that only 22.65 % of the areas in the NE region are suitable for jatropha as a rain-fed crop. The other areas of the region are classified as marginal (62.61 %) and unsuitable (14.74 %). In the states of GO and TO, the majority of the areas (47.78 %) is classified as suitable, and in the state of MG, 33.92 % of the territory has suitability for the crop. These results prove that jatropha cannot be cultivated everywhere and will require, as any other crop, minimum climatic conditions to have sustainable performance and high yields.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号