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1.
洞庭湖四种黄颡鱼基因组DNA遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
以洞庭湖瓦氏黄颡鱼、光泽黄颡鱼、长须黄颡鱼、普通黄颡鱼的基因组DNA为材料对 4种黄颡鱼进行了遗传多样性随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析。通过筛选的 90个引物对 4种黄颡鱼基因组DNA的扩增 ,获得了 36个有效引物 ,并计算出了 4种黄颡鱼群体间的遗传相似系数和遗传距离 ,遗传距离最大的为普通黄颡鱼和瓦氏黄颡鱼 (D =0 9895 ) ,遗传距离最小的为普通黄颡鱼和光泽黄颡鱼 (D =0 672 0 )。同时运用聚类分析 (UPGMA)的方法建立了 4种黄颡鱼的聚类图。  相似文献   

2.
利用基因组重测序的方法获取高通量SNP标记,分析了长江上游三峡大坝-白鹤滩大坝之间8个不同江段(太平溪、巴南、合川、岷江口、宜宾、邵女坪、桧溪、冯家坪)共136尾瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)的遗传多样性和遗传分化水平,阐明了长江上游瓦氏黄颡鱼群体遗传结构。结果显示:(1)三峡库区太平溪群体和巴南群体具有较高的SNP(singlenucleotide polymorphism)数量和核苷酸多样性指数,遗传来源丰富,其遗传多样性高于其他群体;上游的岷江口、宜宾、邵女坪和冯家坪群体遗传来源单一。(2)瓦氏黄颡鱼存在3个不同的遗传分支,且不同遗传分支之间存在较大的遗传分化。(3)群体SNP数量和核苷酸多样性指数与河流坡降呈显著负相关,群体遗传分化指数与地理距离和隔离时间无显著相关性。研究结果表明,在三峡大坝-白鹤滩大坝江段,瓦氏黄颡鱼上游群体具有更低的遗传多样性,更易发生遗传漂变作用,在鱼类遗传多样性保护中需要特别关注;瓦氏黄颡鱼存在3种显著的遗传结构,应视为3个不同遗传单元进行种质资源管理。  相似文献   

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分别以鲤、鳜、斑点叉尾、黄颡鱼、瓦氏黄颡鱼、大口鲇和乌鳢作为捕食者,以中华绒螯蟹幼蟹作为猎物,在室内水泥池(2.4 m3)进行捕食试验。以日捕获率和日摄食率为指标,评估这些鱼类对幼蟹的捕食作用和危害程度,为提高湖泊幼蟹放流效果、建立蟹—鱼复合的优质高效养殖模式提供科学依据。在幼蟹完全暴露的条件下,经过多次(至少9次)重复的试验(短期1d和长期7d),鳜对不同大小的硬壳和软壳(刚蜕壳的)幼蟹没有任何捕食作用;黄颡鱼对硬壳和软壳幼蟹也没有捕食作用,但还需做进一步观察;虽然鲤、瓦氏黄颡鱼对硬壳蟹的捕获率低,但对软壳的幼蟹有较大的危害性,对幼蟹的日摄食率分别为0.070%、0.012%;大口鲇、斑点叉尾、乌鳢对幼蟹具有较强的捕食能力,对幼蟹的日摄食率分别为0.122%、0.188%和0.284%。根据这些研究结果,可以建议:(1)在池塘和湖泊河蟹养殖中,完全可以将鳜作为套养或混养对象,以期提高养殖效益;(2)在河蟹放养的湖泊,需要抑制乌鳢和大口鲇种群,适当减少鲤和瓦氏黄颡鱼丰度,以期减少这些鱼类的捕食作用,提高幼蟹存活率;(3)在河蟹养殖池塘,不能放养乌鳢、大口鲇、斑点叉尾、瓦氏黄颡鱼和鲤。  相似文献   

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用RAPD和SCAR复合分子标记对黄颡鱼属进行种质鉴定   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus)是一类中小型经济鱼类,因其肉质细腻,肉味鲜美,近年来被广泛养殖,并成为一种重要的经济鱼类。本属共有普通黄颡鱼(P.eupogon)、长须黄颡鱼(P.fulvidraco)、瓦氏黄颡鱼(P.vachelli)、光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteoba grusnitidus)和中间黄颡鱼(P.intermedius)5种,前4种  相似文献   

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鳔等睾吸虫对寄主瓦氏黄颡鱼的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对从嘉陵江北碚江段采集到的264尾瓦氏黄颡鱼的调查表明,瓦氏黄颡鱼感染鳔等睾吸虫的感染率和感染强度分别为25.70%和1.50;体长在12~18 cm的个体感染的可能性增大,而体长在14~15 cm之间的个体感染率最高,为38.00%;此外还比较了感染鱼和未感染鱼的肥满度(F)、脂肪系数(ASI )、肝系数(HSI),发现鳔等睾吸虫对瓦氏黄颡鱼的肥满度有显著影响,感染鱼的肥满度下降了16.20%,对脂肪系数、肝系数的影响不显著.感染鱼的肝脏、肠系膜等器官均有不同程度的病变.  相似文献   

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为区分黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson)、瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli Richardson)及其杂交种,前期研究构建了一个YY超雄黄颡鱼的BAC文库并筛选到了一个包含性别连锁标记Pf62-Y的BAC克隆。研究对该BAC克隆进行测序并鉴定到了一个新基因Inad-like,而且Inad-like的外显子序列在X和Y染色体上基本一致。通过黄颡鱼Inad-like的外显子序列及序列的保守性我们设计引物在瓦氏黄颡鱼中扩增获得了其部分内含子序列。通过内含子序列比对,发现瓦氏黄颡鱼比黄颡鱼少了一个DNA片段。基于黄颡鱼和瓦氏黄颡鱼的显著遗传差异,设计了一对引物,该引物在黄颡鱼和瓦氏黄颡鱼基因组中分别扩增出1908和1178 bp DNA片段,而且在杂交黄颡鱼中同时扩增出这两个DNA片段。总之,这个新的遗传标记提供了一种稳定、高效识别黄颡鱼及其与瓦氏黄颡鱼杂交种的方法。  相似文献   

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对从嘉陵江北碚江段采集到的264尾瓦氏黄颡鱼的调查表明,瓦氏黄颡鱼感染鳔等睾吸虫的感染率和感染强度分别为25.70%和1.50;体长在12-18cm的个体感染的可能性增大,而体长在14-15cm之间的个体感染率最高,为38.00%;此外还比较了感染鱼和未感染鱼的肥满度(F)、脂肪系数(ASI)、肝系数(HSI),发现鳔等睾吸虫对瓦氏黄颡鱼的肥满度有显著影响,感染鱼的肥满度下降了16.20%,对脂肪系数、肝系数的影响不显著。感染鱼的肝脏、肠系膜等器官均有不同程度的病变。  相似文献   

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研究了3种人工养殖的小型经济鱼类云斑(鱼回)(Ictalurus ncbulosus)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)和瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Richardson)含肉率和肌肉的熟肉率、生化成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸的种类组成,并对其营养价值进行评定.结果表明:云斑(鱼回)和瓦氏黄颡鱼含肉率分别为(74.48±2.01)%和(73.63±3.27)%,二者间无显著性差异,显著高于泥鳅(65.95±1.27)%.泥鳅熟肉率最高为(69.36±2.35)%.泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量为(16.24±0.56)%,明显高于云斑(鱼回)的(15.34±0.44)%和瓦氏黄颡鱼的(14.45±0.24)%.瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉中脂肪含量最高为(2.4±0.17)%,与云斑(鱼回)(1.22±0.33)%和泥鳅(1.26±0.60)%有显著性差异.云斑(鱼回)、泥鳅和瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉中,含人体必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例为(40.06±0.63)%、(39.79±0.57)%和(40.36±0.52)%.3种鱼的第一限制性氨基酸均为缬氨酸,F值均在4.90-5.06之间.4种鲜味氨基酸总含量均高于29%,泥鳅和瓦氏黄颡鱼鲜味氨基酸大多明显高于云斑(鱼回).3种鱼肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸含量明显高于饱和脂肪酸,泥鳅和瓦氏黄颡鱼高于云斑(鱼回).云斑(鱼回)肌肉中廿碳五烯酸(C20:5)为(2.52±0.30)%,显著高于泥鳅(0.16±0.05)%和瓦氏黄颡鱼(0.12±0.04)%(P<0.05),廿二碳六烯酸(C22:6)含量泥鳅最高为(4.62±0.30)%,其次为瓦氏黄颡鱼(2.86±0.32)%,云斑(鱼回)最低为(1.84±0.27)%,三者间均有显著性差异.结果表明,泥鳅和瓦氏黄颡鱼具有独特风味,3种小型经济鱼类均为有较高营养价值的人类食品.  相似文献   

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自然水域中中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)卵常受到敌害鱼类捕食的威胁,瓦氏黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus vachelli(Richerdson)是中华鲟卵的重要敌害鱼类。以中华鲟卵的敌害鱼类瓦氏黄颡鱼为研究对象,选择环毛蚓(Pheretima tschiliensis)为瓦氏黄颡鱼的饵料,以达氏鳇卵(Kalugasturgeon)替代中华鲟卵进行室内实验,通过研究适合瓦氏黄颡鱼摄食的环毛蚓规格,以及环毛蚓干扰瓦氏黄颡鱼摄食达氏鳇卵投放比例,探讨中华鲟卵的保护方法。在水温为(20.0±1.5)℃的条件下,研究了3种不同体长规格[体长(15.3±1.4)cm、(12.0±2.1)cm、(7.7±0.5)cm]实验鱼个体分别摄食3种不同体长规格环毛蚓(体高为0.3cm,体长分别为8、4、2cm)和达氏鳇卵的摄食率;研究了体长为4cm的环毛蚓对3种不同体长实验鱼摄食达氏鳇卵的干扰效果。实验结果表明:3种体长规格瓦氏黄颡鱼均摄食达氏鳇卵;3种体长规格瓦氏黄颡鱼共同摄食的替代饵料规格为体长4cm及以下的环毛蚓;适宜干扰实验所选体长实验鱼摄食达氏鳇卵的饵料为体长4 cm的环毛蚓;当环毛蚓与达氏鳇卵数量比例为1∶1时,可实现达氏鳇卵的保护。研究证明在实验条件下可实现环毛蚓对中华鲟卵敌害鱼类——瓦氏黄颡鱼实施摄食干扰,提示下一步可以尝试选择环毛蚓作为替代中华鲟卵的饵料,进行干扰食卵鱼类摄食中华鲟卵的野外验证试验。  相似文献   

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瓦氏黄颡鱼线粒体全基因组序列分析及系统进化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
鲿科鱼类种类繁多,外形相似,形态学分类较为困难。为了给鲿科鱼类乃至鲇形目鱼类的系统进化研究积累基础资料,文章采用参照近缘物种线粒体基因组设计覆盖全基因组引物的方法,利用16对引物对瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)线粒体全基因组进行扩增,PCR产物转化到质粒后测序,最终获得线粒体基因组全序列,其全长为16 527 bp,包括2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因、13个编码蛋白质基因和一个非编码控制区。瓦氏黄颡鱼(P.vachelli)线粒体基因组结构和基因排列顺序与现已公布的鲇形目鱼类完全一致,序列分析表明,与鲇形目其他种属间具有较高的同源性,与拟鲿属的同源性最高(91%)。利用鲇形目共4科6属9种及3个外群的线粒体全基因组序列,从线粒体基因组水平探讨了鲿科鱼类及其在鲇形目的系统进化地位,结果表明:鲿科鱼类的瓦氏黄颡鱼(P.vachelli)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)及越南拟鲿(Pseudobagrus tokiensis)构成一单系群;拟鲿属与黄颡鱼属的关系较近;黄颡鱼属中瓦氏黄颡鱼(P.vachelli)与光泽黄颡鱼(P.nitidus)的关系近于黄颡鱼(P.fulvidraco)。  相似文献   

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K. Hausmann 《Protoplasma》1979,100(2):199-213
Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.  相似文献   

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Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices  相似文献   

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Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418  相似文献   

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This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.  相似文献   

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