披山岛海区浮游动物种类组成及数量分布特点

根据2007年披山岛海区春季和夏季2个季度浮游动物调查资料,分析和研究了浙江省玉环县披山岛海区浮游动物种类组成和数量分布特点.结果表明:浮游动物共有18种,属3门12属,其中桡足类的种类最多,占总种数的72.22%;主要优势种为中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、瘦拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus gracilis)、针刺拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus aculeatus)和红小毛猛水蚤(Microsetella rosea).浮游动物的平均丰度及生物量均为春季比夏季高,春季的平均丰度为6.55×103个/m3,夏季为6.13×103个/m3;春季的平均生物量为216.49 mg/m3,夏季为98.26 mg/m3.桡足类的生物量占浮游动物总量的75.97%～97.55%,是决定披山岛浮游动物数量分布和变动的主要成分.与历史资料和邻近海域相比较,披山岛海区生物量与其接近或大于东海各海域.春、夏两季生物多样性(H′)有显著性差异(P<0.05),春季具有较高的生物多样性,且远海的生物多样性大于近海.     

莱州湾春、夏季鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构及环境因子相关性

于2014年5月、8月和2015年5月、8月,利用大型浮游生物网,对莱州湾海域20个站位进行4个航次拖网调查,分析了鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成、数量分布、优势种以及群落结构特征与环境因子的相关性。结果表明:4个航次共采获鱼卵、仔稚鱼22种,其中1种仔稚鱼未鉴定出种类,1种仔稚鱼鉴定到科,其余20种隶属于8目16科20属;鱼卵、仔稚鱼优势种季节变化明显;鱼卵、仔稚鱼数量分布与环境因子数据的多元分析表明,盐度对鱼卵数量影响较为明显,温度对仔稚鱼数量影响较为明显,仔稚鱼数量还与溶解氧(DO)、亚硝酸盐、无机氮、活性磷酸盐呈显著相关(P0.05),与氨氮(NH_3~-N)、叶绿素a含量呈极显著相关(P0.01),鱼卵数量与桡足类密度呈显著正相关(r=0.479,P=0.032),而仔稚鱼数量与桡足类密度呈显著负相关(r=-0.510,P=0.022)。     

2016年夏季长江口邻近海域浮游动物群落结构

根据2016年8月长江口邻近海域27个站位的浮游动物样品数据,对长江口邻近海域的浮游动物群落结构和多样性进行分析,研究了浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的关系.结果表明: 该海区共鉴定出浮游动物93种,隶属于6门12大类群,另有浮游幼体及鱼卵仔鱼15种.其中,桡足类为绝对优势类群,共鉴定出48种,占44.4%;水母类为第二优势类群,共鉴定出12种,占11.1%.该海域出现的主要贡献类群为桡足类、海樽类、毛颚类、枝角类和水母类,平均丰度依次为273.9、115.0、67.1、63.6和61.1 ind·m^-3,其中绝对优势类群为桡足类,贡献率占20.3%.根据环境因子聚类结果,将该海区分为冲淡水影响区和外海水团影响区.单因子相似性分析检验发现,两个区域群落结构差异显著(平均差异性为4.0 %).SIMPER分析发现,对差异性的贡献比例依次是桡足类20.3%、海樽类18.0%、枝角类14.1%、毛颚类13.4%和水母类11.8%.     

宁波港典型海域浮游动物种类组成及数量分布特点

根据2009年秋~2010年夏每季采样调查,分析和研究了浙江省宁波港海区浮游动物种类组成和数量分布的四季变化特征。结果表明:经鉴定浮游动物共有70种,隶属3门35属。其中桡足类的种类最多,占总种数的73.54%;优势种主要有中华异水蚤、矩形龟甲轮虫、伪长腹剑水蚤、挪威小星猛水蚤、小星猛水蚤属、驼背隆哲水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤等。浮游动物群体丰度呈现出夏季>秋季>春季>冬季的现象,四季平均丰度分别为2.50×103ind/m3、40.16×103ind/m3、3.72×103ind/m3、1.20×103ind/m3。生物量呈现出夏季>春季>秋季>冬季的现象,四季平均生物量分别为88.94 mg/m3、931.22 mg/m3、58.74 mg/m3、24.49mg/m3。与历史资料以及邻近海域比较发现,浮游动物丰度和生物量小于或接近于东海各海域。生物多样性分析显示,夏季与春秋冬三季生物多样性(H′)有显著性差异(P<0.05),夏季具有较高的生物多样性,Shannon—Wiener多样性指数(H’)、种类丰富度(D)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)、最大多样性指数(H’max)基本呈现出夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。与邻近海域相比,多样性指数(H’)、种类丰富度(D)、最大多样性指数(H’max)呈下降趋势。     

湛江港湾浮游桡足类群落结构的季节变化和影响因素

2009年2月、5月、8月和11月分别对湛江港湾浮游动物进行了季度月调查,并对该海域浮游桡足类群落结构的季节变化及影响因素进行了分析.结果共鉴定出桡足类72种,其中冬季36种,占浮游动物种类数的29.5％;春季33种,占浮游动物种类数的39.3％;夏季24种,占浮游动物种类数的29.6％;秋季19种,占浮游动物种类数的40.4％.主要优势种为中华哲水蚤Calanus sinicus、强额拟哲水蚤Paracalanus crassirostris、短角长腹剑水蚤Oithona brevicornis、亚强真哲水蚤Eucalanus subcrassus、刺尾纺锤水蚤Acartia spinicauda和桡足类幼体.季节变化模式为:夏季丰度最高,达960.0个/m3,春季次之为421.0个/m3,冬季为303.4个/m3,秋季最低仅为252.8个/m3.平面分布冬春季丰度内湾高,往湾口逐渐降低,夏季内湾低往湾口逐渐增大,而秋季分布较均匀.调查海区桡足类丰度与水温、叶绿素a和浮游植物细胞丰度呈极显著的正相关,与DIN和PO3-4呈显著的负相关,与盐度、pH值和活性硅酸盐相关性不明显.     

三亚珊瑚礁分布海区浮游生物的群落结构

为了更好地了解珊瑚礁区生物群落应对环境变化的生态响应机制,以及浮游生物群落结构与珊瑚礁发展发育的关系,我们于2006年10月26日至11月10日对三亚珊瑚礁保护区9个有珊瑚礁分布的站点进行了浮游生物群落结构的调查.共鉴定出浮游植物种类61属130种(包括变种、变型),其中硅藻门48属101种,甲藻门10属25种,蓝藻门2属3种,金藻门1属1种.硅藻门的角毛藻属(Chaetoceros)种类最多,根管藻属(Rhizosolenia)的种类次之.调查海区浮游植物的细胞丰度范围为348-11,320个/L,平均为3,247个/L.在浮游植物群落中硅藻占绝对优势,平均丰度为3,230个/L,占总密度的99.5％.调查海区共鉴定出浮游动物76种,其中桡足类29种,水母类17种,浮游幼虫10种,毛颚类7种,被囊类6种,浮游腹足类4种,十足类、多毛类和介形类各1种.调查海区浮游动物的密度范围为43-190个/m3,平均为114个/m3.优势类群为桡足类、各类幼虫和毛颚类,平均分别占浮游动物总密度的28.5％,27.7％和13.6％.各站位浮游植物的多样性指数和均匀度平均分别为3.98和0.70,浮游动物的多样性指数和均匀度平均分别为4.37和0.87.鹿回头和大东海海域的浮游植物密度大,而生物多样性指数低.活的造礁石珊瑚种数和覆盖率高的站点的浮游生物多样性也较高.     

长江口及邻近海域浮游动物群落结构及季节变化

根据2006—2007年长江口及其邻近海域(29°30'N—32°30'N,120°00'E—127°30'E)150个站位4个季节的调查资料,对长江口海域浮游动物群落结构、种类组成、优势种及其季节变化进行研究。结果表明,长江口及其邻近海域浮游动物群落物种多样性丰富,四季共鉴定浮游动物460种,隶属7个门,246属,此外,另有54类浮游幼体。其中,桡足类是最优势类群,有193种,占41.96%;端足类为第二优势类群,有51种,占11.09%;水螅水母为第三优势类群,有34种,占7.39%。长江口及其邻近海域浮游动物的物种多样性呈现明显季节变化,其特征为:夏季(317种)秋季(309种)春季(230种)冬季(138种)。中华哲水蚤和百陶带箭虫为长江口及其邻近海域的四季优势种。长江口及其邻近海域浮游动物大体可划分为5种生态类群:近岸低盐类群、广温广盐类群、低温高盐类群、高温广盐类群和高温高盐类群。结合同步调查的水文和水化学数据,进行浮游动物群落丰度与环境因子的相关分析表明:盐度是影响长江口及其邻近海域的浮游动物群落丰度的主要环境因子。     

海南岛西北沿岸海域浮游桡足类的分布及群落特征

为了解昌江沿岸海域生态系统的现状,探讨海域环境因素对浮游动物的生存环境造成的影响。本文根据2008年11月至2009年7月在海南西部昌江沿岸水域21个测站、4个季度月调查所获的浮游桡足类样品数据,对该海域浮游桡足类群落结构、分布、季节变化及影响因素进行了分析。本调查共鉴定出桡足类44种,隶属4目17科24属,其中秋季25种,冬季23种,春季22种,夏季23种。本次调查共发现优势种6种,分别是微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)、亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)、锥形宽水蚤(Temora turbinata)、刺尾纺锤水蚤(Acartia spinicauda)、椭形长足水蚤(Calanopia elliptica)和精致真刺水蚤(Euchaeta concinna),优势种以近岸暖水种居多。浮游桡足类丰度季节变化明显:冬季最高,达409 ind./m3;秋季次之,为144 ind./m3,春季为55 ind./m3,夏季最低仅为17 ind./m3。其丰度的平面分布显示:秋、冬季节分别在海区中部和南部形成明显密集区,春、夏季节则大致呈现由外海向近岸逐渐递减的趋势。浮游桡足类的多样性指数(H')表现为夏季春季秋季冬季,春、夏季的均匀度指数(J')明显高于秋、冬季。本调查反映出该海区的桡足类群落具有热带—亚热带区系特征,种类组成季节更替明显,桡足类种群受海域水温和硅藻的影响明显,受盐度影响不明显。     

北部湾近岸海域浮游动物群落结构特征及季节变化

2017年3月(枯水期)、7月(丰水期)和10月(平水期)分别对北部湾近岸海域44个站位的浮游动物进行了调查。结果共检出浮游动物251种和浮游幼体24类,其中枯水期138种(类),丰水期134种(类),平水期191种(类),分属河口低盐、近岸暖温、近岸暖水和外海暖水4个生态类群。优势种9种,其中枯水期以原生动物占绝对优势,丰水期以枝角类、桡足类和浮游幼体类占优势,平水期以十足类和浮游幼体类占优势。浮游动物丰度年均值为789.95个/m~3,呈现出枯水期(1540.19个/m~3)明显高于平水期(457.58个/m~3)和丰水期(372.08个/m~3)的季节变化特征;浮游动物生物量年均值为252.40 mg/m~3,生物量的季节变化与丰度变化不一致,平水期生物量(385.01 mg/m~3)明显高于枯水期(221.41 mg/m~3)和丰水期(150.78 mg/m~3)。多样性指数平水期最高(3.16),丰水期(2.35)次之,枯水期(2.22)最低。枯水期和丰水期北部湾近岸海域浮游动物生物量和丰度水平分布特征基本呈现自河口近岸海域向外海递增的趋势,平水期浮游动物生物量与丰度的空间分布较为均匀。浮游动物的种类组成结构以及优势种的演替对浮游动物的生物量和丰度季节变化有着重要的决定作用。径流导致的悬浮物、营养盐等的变化可能是决定北部湾近岸海域浮游动物生物量和丰度空间分布的主要因素。研究还表明与其他海湾相比,北部湾近岸海域浮游动物群落结构趋于小型化,需加大关注。     

西北太平洋亚热带海域浮游动物种类组成与分布

为了解西北太平洋亚热带海域浮游动物群落结构,根据2019年3月“淞航号”调查船在西北太平洋(28°—35° N,147°—154° E)44个站点进行渔业资源调查期间采集的浮游动物样本,分析了浮游动物的种类组成与分布。结果表明: 该海域共鉴定出浮游动物456种(含浮游幼体和未定种),属于14个类群8个门类,其中桡足类163种,为最优势类群。优势种包括9种暖水种: 螺旋尖角水母、瘦新哲水蚤、瘦乳点水蚤、肥胖箭虫、邦海樽、六鳍箭虫、喙真胖水蚤、小哲水蚤、细角间哲水蚤,以及1种温带种捷氏哲水蚤。暖流指示种六鳍箭虫和寒流指示种捷氏哲水蚤均是优势种并同时出现在亚热带海域,表明亲潮和黑潮对该海域浮游动物的多样性和时空分布具有重要影响。各站点平均生物量为(31.64±23.81) mg·m^-3,平均丰度为(22.2±17.6) ind·m^-3。单纯度指数(C)、均匀度指数(J)、Shannon多样性指数(H)、丰富度指数(D)均值分别为0.09±0.10、0.76±0.10、4.88±0.71、23.53±8.08。4种指数空间分布不均匀,呈现斑块状。研究期间,西北太平洋浮游动物种类组成丰富,物种分布不均匀,群落结构稳定。     

Paralarvae of the jumbo squid,Dosidicus gigas

Abstract. The rhynchoteuthion stage of the jumbo squid, Dosidicus gigas, has morphological characteristics similar to the paralarvae of the purpleback squid, Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis, making it difficult to determine the locations, seasons, and conditions where spawning of jumbo squid occurs. In this study, 180 paralarvae of D. gigas were collected off the west coast of the Baja California peninsula and identified by sequencing a 369-bp fragment of the cytochrome oxidase I gene. Of these, 77 specimens, 0.8–6.0 mm in mantle length, were described. Indices based on morphometric ratios were used to determine whether the shapes of different body structures were reliable for identifying the paralarvae. For two ratios, the results appear to discriminate members of D. gigas from those of S. oualaniensis. Additionally, eye or intestinal photophores were not observed in any paralarvae of D. gigas. Morphological and morphometric information provided a valuable basis for the discrimination and identification of these two species.     

Community characteristics and of zooplankton in Qinzhou Bay

Qinzhou Bay, the biggest bay in Guangxi Province, is very species-rich and is developing a robust marine economy. In recent years, as human impact has increased, problems associated with the environment have become more complicated. Measuring zooplankton diversity and abundance is a way to monitor environmental conditions. According to the data from four ecological surveys of the zooplankton in Qinzhou Bay during 2008 and 2009, a total of 134 species of zooplankton were identified, including 52 Copepoda species, 27 Medusa species, 14 Planktonic larvae, 9 Chaetognatha species, 8 Pteropoda species, 5 Amphipoda species, 4 Cladocera species, 4 Ostracoda species, 3 Thaliacea species, 2 Appendiculata species, 2 Sergestdae species, 2 Protlsta species, 1 Rotiera species and 1 Cumacea species. The fauna was clearly characterized as tropical population. The total species number was highest in autumn, followed by spring, winter and summer. Zooplankton species diversity in Qinzhou Bay has increased compared with the results obtained in 1983–1985 (83 species). However, compared with other bays, the number of zooplankton species in Qinzhou Bay is close to Daya Bay (128), higher than in Zhilin Bay (60), Jiaozhou Bay (81) and Luoyuan Bay (70), and far lower than in the north South Sea (709). We adopted the dominant index Y > 0.02 as the distinguishing standard of dominant species. The number of dominant species in spring, summer, autumn and winter were six, nine, eight and five. There was only one common dominant species (Penilia avirostris) appeared in different seasons, For summer and autumn, the shared dominant species numbered about four. Between other seasons, the shared dominant species varied between two and three. The number of uniquely dominant species was four in summer, three in autumn and one in both spring and winter. The dominant species in different seasons have some overlaps and some differences. The average biomass of zooplankton was 378 mg/m³ at all times of year. The average biomass was largest in autumn, followed by winter, and was the least in spring and summer. The average density of zooplankton for the entire year was 805.11 ind/m³. The average density was largest in summer, followed by winter, and was least in autumn and spring. Copepoda and Planktonic larvae were the major components of zooplankton in spring and summer at Qinzhou Bay, with the other species’ densities under 10%. In autumn, Copepoda, Planktonic larvae and Chaetognatha were the major components of the biomass, and in winter, the major species were Copepoda and Cladocera, with the others species’ density under 10%. The average value of the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H′) was 3.84 and the evenness index (J′) was 0.77. The zooplankton diversity index and community evenness overall were good and the community organization had a complete and stable state, but the status of the community was relatively weak. The relationship between biomass/density of zooplankton and environmental factors is remarkable. Biomass and density are positively correlated with temperature and nutrient concentration, and are negatively correlated with salinity.     

Features of the structure and spatial distribution of plankton in the Sheksna Reservoir

Based on the field studies conducted in August 2005 and 2007, the distributions of zooplankton structure and abundance, as well as chlorophyll content, in the Sheksna Reservoir are analyzed. A total of 107 zooplankton species have been found (46 Cladocera, 18 Copepoda, and 43 Rotifera), including 24 species (10 Cladocera, 2 Copepoda, and 12 Rotifera) new for the reservoir. In the surface layer of water, where blue-green algae concentrate, zooplankton abundance and biomass are 1.5–5 times lower and the zooplankton structure is simpler than in deeper layers. The highest zooplankton biomass (>3 g/m³) are observed in Lake Beloe and the upper area of the Sheksna section, while in the near-shore sites it did not exceed 1 g/m³. There are no significant changes in zooplankton abundance when compared to the abundance recorded at the end of the past century.     

钦州湾秋季和春季浮游动物分布特征及影响因素

为了解钦州湾浮游动物群落的时空分布特征及与主要环境因子的关系,于2014年10月和2015年3月进行了秋季和春季两航次的调查。结果表明:该海湾的浮游动物群落有明显的季节变化。秋季共鉴定出12类87种,其中优势种有太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)、肥胖三角溞(Evadne tergestina)、亨生莹虾(Lucifer hanseni)、百陶箭虫(Sagitta bedoti)和长尾类幼虫(Macrura larvae);春季共鉴定出11类48种,优势种为中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和太平洋纺锤水蚤;秋季浮游动物的平均丰度、生物量和多样性指数(528.92个/m~3、110.60 mg/m~3和2.22)均高于春季(48.30个/m~3、61.10 mg/m~3和1.70)。空间分布上,钦州湾外湾浮游动物丰度、生物量和多样性指数的平均值皆高于内湾。多维尺度分析表明,秋季内湾群落相似性较高,春季外湾浮游动物群落相似性较高。相关性分析表明盐度与营养盐是影响钦州湾浮游动物分布的主要环境因子。与2011—2012年数据相比,钦州湾浮游动物群落结构已趋于单一化和小型化,以致生物量明显下降。这一现象主要与钦州湾海水富营养化以及大面积高密度牡蛎养殖有密切的关系。     

Zooplankton in a Danube River Arm near Rusovce (Slovakia)

Poor quantity of zooplankton was recorded in a Danube arm situated on the right side of the Danube River in Slovakia (river km 1857) in 2002 and 2003. All over the year the arm is significantly influenced by groundwater by reason of seepage. Because of low mean water temperature (12°C) and poorly developed macrovegetation in particular, the arm reminds gravel pit-like. The annual average of zooplankton biomass was low and ranged from 0.35 g m⁻³ (2002) to 1.28 g m⁻³ (2003), because of low crustacean abundance. Total cladoceran abundance was excessively low in both years and ranged from 3.5 N L⁻¹ (2002) to 16.6 N L⁻¹ (2003). Small species, Bosmina longirostris and Chydorus sphaericus were dominant. Only four adult Copepoda — Cyclops vicinus, Thermocyclops crassus, Eurytemora velox and Eudiaptomus gracilis — were recorded in quantitative samples of both years. In the zooplankton assemblage dominated rotifers (Synchaeta pectinata, Synchaeta oblonga, Polyarthra dolichoptera and Keratella cochlearis) which represented 78% and 67% of total abundance respectively. The total of 19 species of rotifers, 34 Cladocera species and 16 taxa of Copepoda were found.     

Zooplankton of the Patagonian slope and adjacent waters in the autumn

In autumn, from March until May 1988 in the Patagonian shelf and slope zones, the system of the water current was modified and water temperature decreased. The biomass of seston and abundance of zooplankton decreased simultaneously, especially those of the subantactric species Calanus simillimus. Zooplankton organisms started their descent to deeper waters. The Antarctic species Rhincalanus gigas was common in the upper layers in March. In May, R. gigas was rare and occurred in deeper layers. Subtropical zooplankton species dominated in the shelf zone, while subantartic species dominated in the slope zone within the Falkland current. In May, the abundance of shelf species in the slope zone increased due to weakening of the Falkland current and its dislocation to the east. The zooplankton biomass and abundance increased at the zone of water divergence in the east and at the slope frontal zone in the west.     

田湾核电站海域浮游动物生态特征

2009年8月在田湾核电站附近海域进行了海洋浮游动物及环境因子的调查,在14个调查站位共鉴定浮游动物10大类43种.其中原生动物5种,水螅水母类17种,栉水母类2种,枝角类2种,桡足类11种,糠虾2种,樱虾类1种,磷虾1种,毛颚类1种,被囊类1种.浮游动物的丰度范围为99-2546个/m3,平均值为834个/m3.主要优势种为薮枝螅水母、太平洋纺锤水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、鸟喙尖头潘、异体住囊虫、汤氏长足水蚤、强壮箭虫.优势度分别为0.804、0.586、0.569、0.485、0.197、0.140、0.116.各类指数变幅较大(种类数为9-17,丰富度指数为0.913-1.770,多样性指数为1.170-3.212,均匀度指数为0.369-0.803).多样性指数均值为2.188,均匀度指数均值为0.587,丰富度指数均值为1.336.相关性分析表明,水温与浮游动物丰度及种类数之间具有显著的相关性,相关系数(r)分别为-0.615和-0.574,P＜0.05;种类数与多样性指数、丰富度指数及均匀度指数有显著的正相关,相关系数(r)分别为0.730、0.759(P＜0.01)和0.552( P＜0.05),水温升高使浮游动物种类数减少;水温与氨氮含量之间有极显著的正相关性,氨氮含量与浮游动物种类数之间有极显著的负相关性,水温升高使氨氮上升引起浮游动物种类数下降,温排水导致调查海域水温升高引起了浮游动物群落多样性指数、丰富度指数及均匀度指数的下降.调查海域水质状况的生物多样性指数评价显示,目前该海域水质总体处于轻度污染.     

Combining GIS and GAMs to identify potential habitats of squid Loligo vulgaris in the Northwestern Mediterranean

We characterised the most productive areas for the commercial squid Loligo vulgaris off the Catalan Coast based on the combined integration of SST and PAR satellite data. We present the distribution of these areas during the most productive months in relation to the spatiotemporal presence of paralarvae of this species off the Catalan Coast. The work is based on Generalised Additive Models (GAMs) that combine the simultaneous analysis of the effect of different environmental explanatory variables from satellite imagery data to obtain the optimal model for paralarvae of the squid. The proposed model helped define the potential Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) for squid paralarvae recruitment, based on the best environmental conditions and is consistent with the higher LPUE observed four months later. The EFH defined for paralarvae recruitment by the model was detected every year in May in the areas both north and central of the Catalan Coast, the same areas where fishing ports evidence the highest commercial yield of squid. Guest editor: V. D. Valavanis Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean     

南沙群岛美济礁海域夏季浮游动物群落特征

浮游动物是珊瑚礁生态系统中的重要组成部分,但国内相关研究相对较少。利用2012年7月在南沙群岛美济礁海域开展的13个站次的海洋生物调查数据,对美济礁浮游动物的群落特征进行研究,表明:(1)美济礁浮游动物种类组成丰富,共出现15个类群138种(类)浮游动物;(2)优势种组成复杂、区域变化明显,单一种的优势度不高;(3)浮游动物平均密度和湿重生物量分别为117.70个/m3、69.01 mg/m3,浮游幼虫在总密度中所占比例最大;(4)浮游动物非常丰富,多样性程度较高。平均丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度分别为4.93、3.33和0.67;(5)浮游动物可划分为2个群落,分别为潟湖-礁坪区群落和向海坡群落;(6)受珊瑚礁不同生物地貌带的空间异质性和水动力条件的影响,美济礁浮游动物群落区域差异明显。潟湖区浮游动物多样性较高,生物量最低;礁坪区浮游动物数量大,但分布不均匀,且多样性水平最低;向海坡区浮游动物种类最多、多样性非常丰富,但栖息密度最低。