睫状神经营养因子的基因结构及受体

睫状神经营养因子最初由于能促进鸡胚胎睫状神经节副交感神经元存活而被发现,现已知道它对神经系统的细胞具有更广泛的作用。最近研究表明睫状神经营养因子与成血细胞因子的一个亚家族成员在结构上相似并共用受体成分。     

人睫状神经营养因子结构和功能的研究

睫状神经营养国子在神经系统的发育和损伤修复过程中具有重要作用。本文根据由核苷酸序列推导的氨基酸序列预测了人睫状神经营养因子和二级结构。参考结构预测结果,用片段插入法和缺失地,改造人睫状神经营养因子编码基因,在大肠菌中表达并纯化了五系人睫状神经营养因子的突变体,观察结构改造对人睫状神经营养因子神经营养活性的影响。     

睫状神经营养因子突变体蛋白的活性研究

为了进一步研究我室应用计算机分子模拟设计并表达纯化的睫状神经营养因子突变体蛋白的生物学活性,分别采用鸡胚背根神经节无血清培养法、TF-1细胞增殖法、正常小鼠减重法对其活性进行研究。结果是突变体蛋白能促进鸡胚背根神经节的生长;促进TF-1细胞增殖,MTT测定法表明突变体蛋白与国际参考品相比,比活不低于2.0×106U/mg;使正常小鼠的体重减轻,摄食量减少,脂肪指数下降,并且体重的减轻与突变体蛋白的给药剂量呈现良好的剂量依赖关系,其ED50为：150.986?g/kg/d。以上实验表明CNTF突变体蛋白具有促神经生长、促TF-1细胞增殖和减重的生物学活性。从而为其进一步的应用和开发提供了线索。     

睫状神经营养因子的研究进展

睫状神经营养因子 (ＣｉｌｉａｒｙＮｅｕｒｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｃＦａｃ ｔｏｒ ,ＣＮＴＦ )最初是从鸡胚的眼组织睫状节中提取出来 ,因对睫状节神经元有营养作用并可维持鸡副交感神经节的存活而得名[1～ 3] 。ＣＮＴＦ属神经调节细胞因子家族中的一员 ,但不属于神经营养因子家族成员。至今 ,已发现ＣＮＴＦ具有广泛的生物学活性 ,如它对于感觉和运动神经元的分化、存活及功能维持均具有重要作用[1,4 ] 。本文就ＣＮＴＦ的结构、分布、生物学效应及其与脊髓损伤修复的关系作一综述。1.ＣＮＴＦ及其基因结构1 1　ＣＮＴＦ的结构ＣＮＴＦ最初由Ｈ…     

睫状神经营养因子对听觉损伤的保护作用

本研究以耳廓反射、听觉脑干诱发电位、耳蜗生物电和耳蜗铺片组织学检测为指标,观察重组人睫状神经营养因子对豚鼠庆大霉素耳毒性的防治作用。实验结果表明,睫状神经营养因子能减轻庆大霉素对耳蜗及听神经的损害,具有保护听觉功能的作用。     

睫状神经营养因子对体外培养骨骼肌细胞的促增殖效应

目的 :探讨睫状神经营养因子 (CNTF)对骨骼肌细胞的直接营养作用 ,从而为神经肌肉系统损伤和退行性病变的治疗提供新的思路。结果 :CNTF可以促进体外培养的L6 TG肌母细胞和新生SD大鼠原代骨骼肌细胞增殖。结论 :CNTF对体外骨骼肌细胞具有营养作用。CNTF的神经和肌肉双重营养性能使其可能在神经肌肉损伤和退行性病变的治疗上发挥重要作用。     

睫状神经营养因子受体

睫状神经营养因子是一种能够促进感觉、交感和运动神经元存活和分化的细胞因子．睫状神经营养因子受体复合物由三个亚基组成,α亚基是睫状神经营养因子的结合蛋白,它不是跨膜蛋白,而是通过GPI键锚在细胞膜上;信号传递体的两个亚基分别是gp130和LIFRβ．随状神经营养因子受体复合物的形成是一个有序过程、Jak／Tyk家族的激活与细胞内信号传导有关．     

蛋白酶抗性人睫状神经营养因子突变体基因的构建及其在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

AX15是一种比天然睫状神经营养因子具有更高的生物学活性、更好的稳定性和可溶性的hCNTF突变体。在巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达时AX15易发生降解。氨基酸序列分析表明降解位于由12和13位氨基酸残基组成的双碱性氨基酸之后。根据KEX2蛋白酶的底物专一性把双碱性氨基酸从RR变为RK,构建了KEX2抗性的AX15突变体AX15（R13K）。AX15（R13K）的稳定性得到了显著的提高,在诱导100 h后也未发生降解。利用超滤浓缩和凝胶过滤得到了纯度>90%的AX15（R13K）。TF-1细胞存活实验表明AX15（R13K）具有与AX15相同的生物学活性。蛋白酶抗性人睫状神经营养因子突变体可能具有更好的体内稳定性,在临床应用上具有潜在的优势。     

人睫状神经营养因子的原核表达,纯化及其生物效应

人睫状神经营养因子（ｈＣＮＴＦ）克隆入ｐＢＶ２２０中，在ＤＨ５α菌株中表达，重组蛋白以包含体的形式存在，表达量为菌体总蛋白的５０％左右。经比较发现用２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ脲洗涤包含体可溶解大量可溶性细菌蛋白，且包含体损失较小。在高浓度变性剂条件下进行ｓｅｐｈａｒｃｙｌＳ－２００凝胶过滤，解决了纯化中ｈＣＮＴＦ易聚合的问题，在低浓度变性剂条件下进行ＤＥＡＥ离子交换，有利于蛋白活性的保持。经两步纯化后得到均一性ｈＣＮＴＦ，纯度达９５％以上。在自然状态下使ｈＣＮＴＦ复性。纯化复性后的ｈＣＮＴＦ对无血清培养的鸡胚背根节神经元和脊髓腹角运动神经元有明显的维持存活和促进生长发育的生物效应。     

免疫酶双重染色法显示再生神经中的神经生长因子与睫状节神经营养因子

本研究以成人正中神经切割伤后２～３个月的神经干为材料,冰冻切片,用免疫双重染色技术显示了神经生长因子与睫状节神经营养（诱向）因子在再生的周围神经组织中的表达与分布。神经生长因子选用ＡＰＡＡＰ法．其阳性产物呈红色;睫状节神经营养（诱向）因子选用ＡＢＣ系统,４氯－１－萘酚显色,阳性产物为褐色。光镜下观察：神经生长因子的阳性反应产物出现在正中神经切割伤后再生的神经纤维中,高倍镜下可见其阳性产物分布在轴索,而在雪旺氏细胞中没能见到呈红色的阳性反应产物;睫状节神经营养（诱向）因子分布在一些细胞体积大、核大呈增生活跃状态的雪旺氏细胞中。红与褐双色反应产物色调清晰,效果较好。研究结果提示：睫状节神经营养（诱向）因子与神经生长因子在人周围神经再生过程中起着十分重要的作用。     

Ciliary neurotrophic factor fused to a protein transduction domain retains full neuroprotective activity in the absence of cytokine-like side effects

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a multifunctional cytokine that can regulate the survival and differentiation of many types of developing and adult neurons. CNTF prevents the degeneration of motor neurons after axotomy and in mouse mutant progressive motor neuronopathy, which has encouraged trials of CNTF for human motor neuron disease. Given systemically, however, CNTF causes severe side effects, including cachexia and a marked immune response, which has limited its clinical application. The present work describes a novel approach for administering recombinant human CNTF (rhCNTF) while conserving neurotrophic activity and avoiding deleterious side effects. rhCNTF was fused to a protein transduction domain derived from the human immunodeficiency virus-1 TAT (transactivator) protein. The resulting fusion protein (TAT-CNTF) crosses the plasma membrane within minutes and displays a nuclear localization. TAT-CNTF was equipotent to rhCNTF in supporting the survival of cultured chicken embryo dorsal root ganglion neurons. Local or subcutaneous administration of TAT-CNTF, like rhCNTF rescued motor neurons from death in neonatal rats subjected to sciatic nerve transection. In contrast to subcutaneous rhCNTF, which caused a 20–30% decrease in body weight in neonatal rats between postnatal days 2 and 7 together with a considerable fat mobilization in brown adipose tissue, TAT-CNTF lacked such side effects. Together, these results indicate that rhCNTF fused with the protein transduction domain/TAT retains neurotrophic activity in the absence of CNTFs cytokine-like side effects and may be a promising candidate for the treatment of motor neuron and other neurodegenerative diseases.     

重组人睫状神经营养因子的聚乙二醇化修饰简

目的：研究重组人睫状神经营养因子（rhCNTF）突变体的聚乙二醇（PEG）化修饰,对rhCNTF的PEG化产物进行初步分离纯化及相关生物活性检测。方法：采用分子生物学技术经点突变得到rhCNTF的突变体cNm通过实验设计研究CN10的最佳PEG化条件;采用分子筛层析方式对偶联产物进行初步纯化,最后用ELISA和小鼠体重增长抑制法检测PEG化后的CN。。蛋白的生物活性。结果：能运用mPEG—MAL对CN,。进行定点修饰,PEG化后用Superdex200能够分离CN10;PEG化后的CN10每2d腹腔注射1次,对小鼠体重的增长抑制率可达50％,与rhCNTF每天注射2次的体重增长抑制作用相当。结论：CN10蛋白在PEG化修饰后,其减重效应持续时间明显延长。     

A quantitative method for measurement of lysosomal acid phosphatase latency in cultured rat heart cells with 210Pb

Synopsis A method is described for measuring the latency of lysosomal acid phosphatase in cultured rat heart endotheloid cells.²¹⁰Pb was added to a medium used to demonstrate acid phosphatase activity by the Gomori lead method, and the amount of lead deposited was measured with a liquid scintillation counter. Deposition rates were measured after enzyme activation pretreatments with acetate buffer (pH 5.0) at various osmolalities, and after formaldehyde fixation. Formaldehyde, alloxan, or fluoride in the Gomori medium were evaluated for their differential effects on lysosomal and non-lysosomal acid phosphatase. The method was found to provide a sensitive, rapid and quantitative evaluation of acid phosphatase latency and should be useful for studying the integrity of lysosomes within cells.     

重组人睫状神经营养因子蛋白质定量检测方法的建立

采用ELISA双抗体夹心法,建立一种快速灵敏的定量检测rhCNTF成品蛋白含量的方法。结果显示,rhC-NTF抗原浓度在(0～25)ng范围内线性良好(r>0.99),灵敏度为0.3ng/ml,与其他重组细胞因子无交叉反应,样品的检测结果与理论含量相吻合,CV<15%,该方法检测速度快、重复性好、灵敏度高、特异性好。     

rhCNTF对鸡胚感觉与运动神经元神经营养作用的比较

在无血清培养条件下,观察了重组人睫状营养因子（ｒｈＣＮＴＦ）对鸡胚背根节感觉神经元及腹角运动神经元的营养作用。结果表明ｒｈＣＮＴＦ对这两类神经元均有明显的促存活作用,并呈一定的剂量／效应关系。ｒｈＣＮＴＦ浓度在０．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ以下时无作用,１．０－１．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ时已有促神经元存活作用,４ｎｇ／ｍｌ时作用最明显,再增加到１００ｎｇ／ｍｌ神经元存活数无进一步增加。比较培养７天时两类神经元存活数发现感觉神经元对ＣＮＴＦ缺乏的敏感性高于运动神经元,提示ＣＮＴＦ对运动神经元的促存活作用只是它多种类型神经元营养作用中较弱的一环     

Non-destructive measurement of acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere using nitrocellulose membranes and image analysis

We developed a method using nitrocellulose membranes and image analysis to localise and quantify acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere of two plant species, one with cluster roots (Dryandra sessilis (Knight) Domin) and another with ectomycorrhizal roots (Pinus taeda L.). Membranes were placed in contact with roots and then treated with a solution of x, α-naphthyl phosphate and Fast Red TR. Acid phosphatase activity was visualised as a red imprint on the membrane. We quantified acid phosphatase activity by image analysis of scanned imprints. The method was used to estimate the spatial distribution of acid phosphatase activity within particular root classes (lateral roots, mycorrhizal roots, root clusters). Over 95% of the acid phosphatase activity of the root system of D. sessilis was associated with cluster roots, and between 20 and 32% of the root surface active. About 26 % of the acid phosphatase activity of the root system of P. taeda was associated with mycorrhizal roots and unsuberised white root tips and less than 10% of the root surface was active, irrespective of root type. This non-destructive method can be used for rapid, semi-quantitative assessment of acid phosphatase activity in the laboratory and in situ. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

磷胁迫下大豆酸性磷酸酶活性变化及磷效率基因型差异分析

在3种磷水平处理后,对23个大豆品种的叶片和根尖酸性磷酸酶活性、根冠比、干物质量、全磷含量及磷效率进行测定、比较和分析。结果表明,叶片或根尖酸性磷酸酶活性、叶片或根尖酸性磷酸酶活性相对值、根冠比,磷效率、磷效率相对值之间具有极显著差异(P相似文献   

小麦受精过程中酸性磷酸酶的超微细胞化学定位

小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ ）受精前成熟胚囊,除胚囊中央细胞的合点端细胞质中有酸性磷酸酶外,其余部位均未发现酸性磷酸酶。受精时期,以下部位存在酸性磷酸酶活性：卵细胞的细胞核内一部分染色质和细胞质中大部分线粒体;精、卵核融合时两核的核周腔内;退化助细胞合点端细胞质和一些液泡内;进入雌性细胞中的两个精核;胚囊各成员细胞的细胞壁及胚囊周围珠心细胞的细胞壁。二细胞原胚中未见有酸性磷酸酶。早期胚乳游离核染色质上有酸性磷酸酶。小麦受精过程酸性磷酸酶的分布特点可能与卵细胞生理状态的变化和细胞质中线粒体的改组、助细胞的退化、精核的生理状态以及精核与卵核的核膜融合等有关。     

Auxin induces exocytosis of acid phosphatase in coleoptiles from Zea Mays

Auxin-stimulated elongation growth of maize coleoptiles has been suggested to be associated with enhanced exocytotic activity. However, the problem in plants is one of finding a soluble parameter, which can be used as a direct measure of exocytosis (H. D. Blackbourn and N. H. Battey [1993]. Physiol. Plant. 89: 27–32). In yeast, acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) is used as a marker for secretory activity (E. Harsay and A. Bretscher [1995]. J. Cell Biol. 131: 297–310). Therefore, extracellular acid phosphatase activities in maize tissues were investigated. Coleoptile (7.36 nkat mg^-1) and mesocotyl (8.9) showed higher specific extracellular acid phosphatase activities than primary leaf (6.0), root (4.9) and root tip (2.7). In coleoptiles extracellular acid phosphatase activity was 6.7% of total homogenate activity (mesocotyls 10.6%). Auxin (30 μM IAA) increased the extracellular acid phosphatase activity of coleoptiles (146% of control). This effect was tissue-specific; extracellular acid phosphatase activity of mesocotyls was not enhanced by IAA. The stimulating effect of auxin on extracellular acid phosphatase activity in coleoptiles was reversed by the protonophore nigericin (0.3 μM). Furthermore, localization of an acid phosphatase activity in Golgi vesicles was shown by co-migration of the Golgi marker latent IDPase (EC 3.6.1.6) and acid phosphatase activity (65% of total microsomal activity) on isopycnic continuous sucrose density gradients. Tonoplast-enriched membrane frctions (24% of microsomal acid phosphatase) and plasma membrane-enriched fractions (11%) contained lower amounts of acid phosphatase. The data presented suggest that acid phosphatase activity is a useful marker for hormone-induced secretory activity in plant cells.