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1.
野黄瓜(Cucum is hystrix,2n=24)为短日照植物,因其与栽培黄瓜(C.sativus,2n=14)花期不遇等杂交障碍的存在而使种间杂交难以顺利进行。对野黄瓜短光照处理40 d以上,使得两者花期相遇,成功地进行了野黄瓜与3种不同基因型栽培黄瓜(“二早子”、“长春密刺”和“NC4406”)的正反杂交,从中获得了3种杂交组合的幼胚。采用改良的方法对这3种基因型杂种胚进行胚胎拯救,再生频率达80%以上,其杂种的真实性通过植物学性状观察、体细胞染色体计数和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AAT)同工酶分析得到了证实。研究中还发现不同基因型杂种F1的育性存在明显差异,其中以C.hystrixדNC4406”育性最高,花粉可染率达23.3%,是在二倍体水平上进行育种利用的良好材料。  相似文献   

2.
野黄瓜(Cucumis hystrix ,2n=24)为短日照植物,因其与栽培黄瓜(Csativus,2n=14)花期不遇等杂交障碍的存在而使种间杂交难以顺利进行。对野黄瓜短光照处理40d以上,使得两者花期相遇,成功地进行了野黄瓜与3种不同基因型栽培黄瓜(“二早子”、“长春密刺”和“NC4406”)的正反杂交,从中获得了3种杂交组合的幼胚。采用改良的方法对这3种基因型杂种胚进行胚胎拯救,再生频率达80%以上,其杂种的真实性通过植物学性状观察、体细胞染色体计数和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AAT)同工酶分析得到了证实。研究中还发现不同基因型杂种F1的育性存在明显差异,其中以C.hystrix x“NC4406”育性最高,花粉可染率达23.3%,是在二倍体水平上进行育种利用的良辑材料.  相似文献   

3.
栽培黄瓜与野黄瓜正反杂交的几种同工酶分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
运用天冬氨酸转氨酶(AAT)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)以及酯酶(EST)3种同工酶对栽培黄瓜"长春密刺"Cucumis sativus cv. Changchunmici (2n=14)与野黄瓜C. hystrix (2n=24)的正反交种间杂种F1 (正交: 野黄瓜×栽培黄瓜"长春密刺", 反交: 栽培黄瓜"长春密刺"×野黄瓜)及其双亲进行鉴定和比较研究。结果表明: 正反交种间杂种F1主要表现为双亲酶带的互补, 同时还形成4个杂合带(Aat-1-94、Aat-2-104、Mdh-3-102和Est-5-102)。上述3种酶均能准确地鉴定种间杂种的真实性。研究还发现正反交杂种F1的AAT和MDH的酶谱分别在酶带数目和强弱上表现出一定的差异, 进一步证实了野黄瓜与栽培黄瓜杂交存在正反交差异。  相似文献   

4.
采用胚胎拯求方法,首次成功实现了栽培黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.,2n=14)与同属野生种C.hystrix Chakr.(2n=24)间可重复的种间杂交。杂交F1植株形态一致。其中多分枝、密棕茸毛(尤其是在花瓣和雌蕊上)、桔黄色花冠及卵圆形果实这些特征与亲本Chystrix相似,而第一雌花节位则与亲本黄瓜(C.sativus)相似。其它性状如株径、节长、叶和花的形状和大小等都介于双亲之间而呈中间型,将杂种F1植株自交并与两亲本进行回交,结果表明F1杂种的雄蕊和雌蕊都是不育的。这可能是由于杂种染色体数目为奇数(2n=19,其中7条来自黄瓜,12条来自野生黄瓜),缺乏同源性而导致减数分裂不正常。利用体细胞无性系突变方法,对杂种的染色体数进行了加倍,流动细胞计量仪测定表明,加倍的F1植株(双二倍体)占再生植株的7.3%,形态一致,其DNA含量为2.35pg,而F1(二倍体)的含量为1.17pg。新合成的双二倍体植株能释放花粉,并且能形成含种子的果实。对生长和发育、营养价值及抗性等方面初步研究表明,这一新物种可望成为一新型作物种,在未来农业中占有一席之地。通过不同杂交可形成两种类型的果实:一种为腌渍类型,该株系每株可着生30多个大约10cm长的果实,可一次性采由;另一种为耐弱光类型,果形细长,基本上元种子,适合于部分遮荫的环境,如温室栽培。营养分析表明,新物种果实的蛋白质含量为0.78%,矿物质0.35,均分别高于普通黄瓜含量0.62%和0.27%。对根结线虫筛选试验结果表明,C.hystrix具有高度抗性,其抗性通过正反交可部分转移到F1代和双二倍体中。  相似文献   

5.
不同分类群的异源多倍体在二倍化过程中, 正反交序列消除往往表现出不同特征, 暗示了在不同物种中, 核质互作在多倍体进化过程的作用不同。利用13对EcoRI-NN/MseI-NNN选择性引物, 对野黄瓜Cucumis hystrix (2n=24)与栽培黄瓜C. sativus (2n=14)的正反交F1、异源四倍体及二倍体亲本DNA进行AFLP分析。结果表明: 杂交后代基因组的杂合性诱发了F1与异源四倍体广泛的序列消除; 细胞质可能会影响部分亲本序列消除的频率, 但是正反交在序列消除频率上差异不显著, 并且在序列消除时间(均始于F1代)及消除类型上也表现出一致性, 表明核质互作并不是影响序列消除的主要因素; 实验还发现, 正反交不能影响序列的倾向性丢失, 染色体数少的黄瓜条带易发生丢失。  相似文献   

6.
浙江产7种菝葜的染色体研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
本文报道浙江产菝葜属smilax 7个种的染色体数目和核型。S.nipponica有两种核型,2n=26和2n=32,均为3B型,但后一种细胞型的雄株的第一对染色体大小不等,可能为性染色体;S.riparia 2n=30,属3B型;S.siebodii n=16;S. china有两个染色体数目,2n=96 和n=15;S. davidiana 2n=32,属3B型,对减数分裂MI的观察发现n=16;S.glabra 2n=32,亦属3B型:S. nervo-marginata var.liukiuensis 2n=32,属3C型。讨论了种间在核型上的差异、属的基数、核型演化趋势和性染色体等问题。  相似文献   

7.
对国产水晶兰属植物水晶兰(Monotropa uniflroa L.)和毛花松下兰(M.hypopitys var.hirsutea Roth)的花粉母细胞减数分裂进行了观察,它们的减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体数目均为n=24。结合前人所做的研究,确定该属的染色体基数为x=8,并对该属的染色体基数和倍性变异与地理分布区的关系进行了初步探讨。通过对鹿蹄草亚科和水晶兰亚科的染色体基数比较,结合两个亚科的生长习性和花药开裂方式的不同,作者赞同哈钦松系统将水晶兰亚科作为科的处理。  相似文献   

8.
国产毛莨属11种及其4个近缘属5种植物的细胞学研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究了国产毛莨属RanunculusL.11种及其4个远缘属-美花草属CollianthemunC.A.Meyer,侧金盏花属AdonisL.、碱毛莨属Halerpestes E.Greene,水毛莨属BatrachiumS.F.Gray5种植物的洒色体数目和形态。发现美花草C.pinpinelloides(D.Don)Hook.f.et THoms.,川滇毛莨R.potaninii Kom.,深齿毛莨R.popovii var.stracheyanus(Maxim.)W.T.Wang,高原毛莨R.tanguticus(Maxim.)Ovcx., 石龙芮R.sceleratusL.,西南毛莨R.ficariifolius Levl.et Vant.、褐鞘毛莨R.sinovaginatus W.T.Wang、三裂碱毛莨H.tricuspis(Maxim.)Hand.-Mazz.和碱毛莨H.sarmentosa(Adams)Kom.9种植物为染色体基数x=8的四倍体(2n=4x=32);短注侧金盏花A.brevistyla Franch.、丝叶毛莨R.nematolobus Hand.-Mass.、棱喙毛莨3R.trigonus Hand.-Mazz.、 茴茴蒜R.chinensis Bunge4种植物为染色体基数x=8的二倍体(2n=2x=16);毛莨R.japonicus Thunb.、黄毛莨R.laetus Wall.2种植物为染色体基数x=7的二倍体(2n=2x=14);水毛莨B.bungei(Steud.)L.Liou有二倍体(2n=2x=16)和三倍体(2n=3x=24)两种细胞型。根据染体资料,讨论了上述5属的属间关系和毛莨属中一些种的种间关系。  相似文献   

9.
本文首次全面地报道了东北地区野豌豆属植物染色体数目。结果如下:Vicia cracca group.2n=12;V.amurensis Oett.2n=12;V.amoena Fisch.ex DC.2n=24;V.amoena var.oblongifolia Reqel 2n=12;V.amoena var.sericea Kitag.2n=12;V.geminiflora Trautv.2n=14;V.japonica A.Gray 2n=24;V.pseudorobus Fisch.et C.A.Mey 2n=12;V.multicaulis Ledeb.2n=12;V.venosa(Willd.)Maxim.2n=12;V.ramuliflora(Maxim.)Ohwi 2n=12,24;V.unij-uga A.Br.2n=12,24.结果表明该地区野豌豆种类以x=6为主,并以该基数形成较高频率的多倍体类群。根据染色体资料,对于长期存在争议的种下处理或近缘种类的划分,作者提出了新的见解。  相似文献   

10.
本文以根尖细胞为材料,观察了黑藻属Hydrilla植物的染色体核型。 它由两群染色体组成:1—5 为长染色体,6—8 为短染色体。 染色体基数x=8。轮叶黑藻Hydrilla verticillata(L. f.)Royle为二倍体;染色体数目为2n=2x=16; 雌雄之间既无染色体数目的差别,也无异型染色体存在;核型公式为2n=2x=16=6m+6Sm十4St。 罗氏轮叶黑藻Hydrilla verticillata var.roxburgbii Casp系同源三倍体; 染色体数目为2n=3x=24; 核型公式为2n=3x=24=9m+9Sm+6St。  相似文献   

11.
S-M Chung  J E Staub  J-F Chen 《Génome》2006,49(3):219-229
To investigate phylogenetic relationships in the genus Cucumis, 9 consensus chloroplast simple sequence repeat (ccSSR) primer pairs (ccSSR3, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 20, 21, and 23) were employed for DNA fragment length variation and 5 amplified fragments, ccSSR4, 12, 13, 19, and 20, were sequenced using total DNA from 13 accessions representing 7 African Cucumis species (x = 12), 3 Cucumis melo L. (x = 12) accessions, 2 Cucumis sativus L. (x = 7) accessions, and 1 Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (x = 12) accession. A Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai (x = 11) accession was used as an outgroup. While fragment length analysis revealed the existence of 3 major species clusters (i.e., a group of African Cucumis species, a group composed of C. melo accessions, and a group containing C. sativus and C. hystrix species), sequence variation analysis identified 2 major species clusters (i.e., a group of African Cucumis species and a group composed of C. melo, C. sativus, and C. hystrix species). Comparative analysis using nuclear DNA (previous studies) and cpDNA sequence substitution data resulted in the placement of C. melo and C. sativus in different cluster groupings. Thus, both nuclear and cytoplasmic DNA should be employed and compared when a putative progenitor or specimens of an ancestral Cucumis species lineage is investigated. In addition, C. ficifolius (2x) and C. aculeatus (4x) of the African Cucumis species clustered together in this study. This result does not agree with reported isozyme analyses, but does agree with previously characterized chromosome homologies between these 2 species. Although African Cucumis species and C. hystrix do not share a close relationship, genetic affinities between C. sativus and C. hystrix are considerable. Combined evidence from previously published studies and data presented herein lend support to the hypothesis that C. hystrix is either a progenitor species of C. sativus or that they at least share a common ancestral lineage.  相似文献   

12.
Genetic variability of the Cucumis sativus species and its phylogenetic relationsips with other species of the genus were studied on the basis of RAPD marking and analysis of intra- and interspecific polymorphism of the nucleotide sequences of the NBS-LRR gene family in species of the genus Cucumis with the use of the NBS profiling method. According to RAPD analysis, cucumber cultivars from different geographic regions are highly similar, except for accessions k-3835 and k-3833 from Afghanistan. NBS profiling analysis revealed phylogenetically most distinct accessions expected to be characterized by specificity of resistance: k-3845 from Uzbekistan, k-3851 from Kyrgyzstan, line 701, k-3835 and k-3833 from Afghanistan, k-2757 and k-3079 from Netherlands, vr.k. 908 from Canada, k-2926 from Bulgaria, Russian cultivars Monastyrskii, Izyashchnyi, and Lel'. Three essentially different groups of species were distinguished, and the C. sativus species (subgenus Cucumis) was found to be distant from the species belonging to the subgenus Melo.  相似文献   

13.
14.
Interspecific hybrids between Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (2n = 2 x = 24) and Cucumis sativus L. (2n = 2 x = 14) were produced by means of F(1) (2n = 19) embryo rescue and subsequent chromosome doubling. The hybridity was confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and chromosome analysis. The amphidiploid (2n = 38) was self-pollinated and backcrossed to cucumber resulting in lines with improved crossability to C. sativus. Examination of shape, stainability, and germination rate of pollen grains and yield as a function of mature fruit set per ten pollinated flowers indicated a tendency for increased fertility in BC(1)S(1) progeny when compared to F(1) and amphidiploid offspring. Cytogenetic characterization of F(1) and amphidiploid progeny was performed. Generally normal meioses produced viable pollen grains, and fertilization resulted in partial fertility restoration in amphidiploid progeny. Chromosome anomalies such as "frying-pan trivalent", chromosome lagging and spindle mis-orientation were also observed. In most of the PMCs of the F(1) diploid hybrid progeny, 19 univalents were observed at diakinesis and MI. In the amphidiploid, more than 90% of the configurations at MI consisted of the predicted 19 bivalents and less than 5% contained multivalents [trivalents (2.3%) + quadrivalents (0.3%)], suggesting the presence of preferential pairing, and a distinctive parental genome as well. The chiasmata observed between homoeologous chromosomes further demonstrated the introgression of the C. hystrix genome into that of C. sativus.  相似文献   

15.
A new linkage map of Cucumis melo, derived from the F2 progeny of a cross between PI 414723 and C. melo 'TopMark' is presented. The map spans a total of 1421 cM and includes 179 points consisting of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), simple sequence repeats (SSRs), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. The map also includes an aphid resistance trait (Vat) and the sex type gene, andromonoecious (a), the two of which are important in resistance breeding and the control of hybrid seed production, as well as a seed-color gene, Wt-2. Most RFLPs represent sequence-characterized cDNA probes from C. melo and Cucumis sativus. These include resistance gene homologues and genes involved in various aspects of plant development and metabolism. A sub-set of our SSR and RFLP markers were also mapped, as part of this study, on additional mapping populations that were published for this species. This provides important reference points ("anchors"), enabling us to identify several linkage groups with respect to other melon maps.  相似文献   

16.
17.
在甜瓜属野生种Cucumis hystrix Chakr. 和栽培黄瓜之间的种间杂交取得成功的基础上,简要回顾了甜瓜属植物种质资源和系统学的研究情况,然后从甜瓜属植物种间杂交的概况、种间杂交的障碍及其解决途径等三个方面,回顾和讨论了甜瓜属植物的种间杂交的研究进展,并对进一步通过种间杂交研究利用甜瓜属野生植物资源的前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

18.
Abstract: Twenty-one random and 29 SSR primers were used to assess genetic variation and interrelationships among subspecies and botanical varieties of cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea (2n = 4x = 40), and phylogenetic relationships among cultivated peanut and wild species of the genus Arachis. In contrast with the previous generalization that peanut accessions lack genetic variation, both random and SSR primers revealed 42.7 and 54.4% polymorphism, respectively, among 220 and 124 genetic loci amplified from 13 accessions. Moreover, the dendrograms based on RAPD, ISSR, and RAPD + ISSR data precisely organized the five botanical varieties of the two subspecies into five clusters. One SSR primer was identified that could distinguish all the accessions analysed within a variety. Although the polymorphic index content varied from 0.1 to 0.5 for both ISSR and RAPD markers, primer index values were substantially higher for RAPD primers (0.35-4.65) than for SSR primers (0.35-1.73). It was possible to identify accessions, particularly those of divergent origins, by RAPD and (or) ISSR fingerprints. Based on these results, marker-based genetic improvement in A. hypogaea appears possible. None of the 486 RAPD and 330 ISSR amplification products were found to be commonly shared among 13 species of section Arachis and one species each of sections Heteranthae, Rhizomatosae, and Procumbentes. Dendrograms constructed from RAPD, ISSR, and RAPD + ISSR data showed overall similar topologies. They could be resolved into four groups corresponding to the species grouped in four taxonomic sections. The present results strongly support the view that Arachis monticola (2n = 4x = 40) and A. hypogaea are very closely related, and indicate that A. villosa and A. ipaensis are the diploid wild progenitors of these tetraploid species.  相似文献   

19.
Simple sequence repeats in Cucumis mapping and map merging.   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
Thirty-four polymorphic simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) were evaluated for length polymorphism in melon (Cucumis melo L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). SSR markers were located on three melon maps (18 on the map of 'Vedrantais' and PI 161375, 23 on the map of 'Piel de Sapo' and PI 161375, and 16 on the map of PI 414723 and 'Dulce'). In addition, 14 of the markers were located on the cucumber map of GY14 and PI 183967. SSRs proved to be randomly distributed throughout the melon and cucumber genomes. Mapping of the SSRs in the different maps led to the cross-identification of seven linkage groups in all melon maps. In addition, nine SSRs were common to both melon and cucumber maps. The potential of SSR markers as anchor points for melon-map merging and for comparative mapping with cucumber was demonstrated.  相似文献   

20.
Genetic variability of the Cucumis sativus species and its phylogenetic relationsips with other species of the genus were studied on the basis of RAPD marking and analysis of intra- and interspecific polymorphism of the nucleotide sequences of the NBS-LRR gene family in species of the genus Cucumis with the use of the NBS-profiling method. According to RAPD analysis, cucumber cultivars from different geographic regions are highly similar, except for accessions k-3835 and k-3833 from Afghanistan. NBS-profiling analysis revealed phylogenetically most distinct accessions expected to be characterized by specificity of resistance: k-3845 from Uzbekistan, k-3851 from Kyrgyzstan, line 701, k-3835 and k-3833 from Afghanistan, k-2757 and k-3079 from Netherlands, vr.k. 908 from Canada, k-2926 from Bulgaria, Russian cultivars Monastyrskii, Izyashchnyi, and Lel’. Three essentially different groups of species were distinguished, and the C. sativus species (subgenus Cucumis) was found to be distant from the species belonging to the subgenus Melo.  相似文献   

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