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1.
热胁迫下不结球白菜和甘蓝叶片组织结构的变化   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
利用显微及扫描电镜方法,研究不结球白菜及甘蓝的耐热品种和感热品种种在高温(38-39℃)胁迫下,叶片表皮和组织结构的差异。结果如下:耐热品种叶片下表皮比感热品种气孔频度高,气孔体积小且开张度小。耐热品种部分气孔呈关闭状态,而感热品种气孔基本上呈开放状态。显微结构观察到耐热品种叶肉组织细胞排列紧密,叶脉的维管束发达,特别是木质部的导管数量多且孔径大。而感热品种相比于耐热品种叶肉细胞排列疏松,维管束相  相似文献   

2.
猕猴桃叶片耐热性指标研究   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
选择中华猕猴桃与美味猕猴桃共7个品种。对耐热性的形态与生理生化指标进行了探讨,结果表明:与耐热性较弱的品种相比,耐热性较强的品种有较大的叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度,栅栏组织/海绵组织比例及较高的气孔密度,通过离体叶片温浴处理后细胞膜透性的变化拟合出的拐点温度高低可以鉴别品种耐热性的强弱,耐热性较强的品种在热胁迫下叶片游离脯氨酸累积率高于耐热性较弱的品种;品种耐热性与过氧化物酶活性之间无一致规律。  相似文献   

3.
运用石蜡切片法和指甲油印迹法,对3个芭蕉芋品种的叶片解剖结构——叶片厚度、叶肉厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、气孔密度、气孔长度及宽度、长细胞长度及宽度、短细胞长度及宽度等10项相关指标进行测定,分析芭蕉芋抗旱性与叶片结构之间的关系。结果表明:(1)芭蕉芋的表皮结构与抗旱性有一定的关系,表现为抗旱性强的品种气孔密度大,且长、短细胞体积小、排列紧密。(2)芭蕉芋叶片、叶肉、上下表皮厚度与抗旱性关系在不同品种间差异不显著。(3)芭蕉芋叶肉及上、下表皮占叶片横切面的比例与抗旱性存在显著相关关系。(4)芭蕉芋叶片保水能力与叶肉比例呈极显著负相关关系,与上表皮比例呈极显著正相关关系。  相似文献   

4.
研究PEG模拟水分胁迫条件对玉米叶肉细胞超微结构的影响,探讨了超微结构的变化与保护酶活性及膜酯过氧化伤害之间的关系。试验表明,在水分胁迫初期,叶肉细胞超微结构变化较小,此时,叶片的SOD及过氧化氢酶活性明显升高,质膜相对透性和丙二醛含量增加缓慢,随着胁迫时间的延长,叶肉细胞超微结构破坏加重,且不同细胞对水分胁迫的敏感性相差很大,叶片CAT性下降,质膜透性和MDA含量急增;复水后,叶片超微结构,SO  相似文献   

5.
选用耐旱性不同的两个大麦品种作为研究对象,分析其叶片结构的异同。结果表明:两个大麦品种的叶片发育可以分为幼叶萌发期、幼叶抽出期、幼叶生长期和叶片成熟期四个阶段,其中在幼叶萌发期,叶片结构无明显差异。经PAS染色,从幼叶生长期开始,耐旱性弱的Moroc 9-75,含淀粉粒的叶肉细胞少,淀粉粒颗粒小; 耐旱性强的HS 41-1,含淀粉粒的叶肉细胞多,淀粉粒颗粒大。遭受干旱胁迫后,两个品种的植株长势明显较弱,叶片短而窄; 表皮细胞角质层变厚,叶片中叶肉细胞变小,叶肉细胞胞间隙变大,叶肉细胞破裂现象增多; PAS染色反应显示,含淀粉粒的叶肉细胞减少,淀粉粒颗粒变小或基本没有; HS 41-1解体的细胞不如Moroc 9-75多。因此,在光镜下,叶片结构的差异,特别是细胞含有的淀粉粒大小与数量的区别,是植物对水分胁迫的一种适应; 同时叶脉对植物刚性的影响较大。  相似文献   

6.
水分胁迫对春小麦苗期叶肉细胞和气孔数的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
利用显微摄像系统与离析法对甘肃陇中6个品种春小麦不同水分状况下苗期的叶肉细胞和叶片气孔数目进行观测,发现不同环数叶肉细胞占总人细胞的百分比在不同水分胁迫下和不同品种间均未表现出显著差异。随胁迫强度的增大,各品种不同叶肉细胞的宽试和高度都由分散分布向某一值集中,且在同一水分状况下,不同环数叶肉细胞随品种的变化趋势几乎一致。叶片上、下表皮(即为近、远轴叶表皮,下同)气孔数在不同水分胁迫下的变化不同,但  相似文献   

7.
植物叶片末级小脉类型的识别张莉枝林月惠植物叶片包括皮系统、维管系统和基本组织系统。叶子的维管系统通称叶脉,并逐级分枝布满在整个叶片之中,叶脉不仅与基本组织系统中的叶肉细胞密切联系,而且还与叶柄中的维管系统相连接。叶脉的主要功能是进行水分和养分的双向运...  相似文献   

8.
光强对人参叶片显微和超微结构的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在5%、20%和35%3种透光率棚下,人参叶片的比叶重、叶厚度,单位叶面积的叶肉细胞数目,叶肉细胞表面积和细胞层数随着光强的增加而增加,50%透光率棚下叶片开始减少,5%和20%透光率棚下叶片叶肉细胞主要呈横向排列,胞间隙较大,35%透光率棚下叶片叶肉细胞排列致密,胞间隙变小,靠近上一有皮形成一层呈纵向排列的栅栏状细胞;505透光率棚下叶片叶肉细胞为大而圆形,胞间隙变大,排列也不规则。5%透光率棚  相似文献   

9.
兰属、兜兰属、石斛属植物叶片的扫描电镜观察   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
对兰科植物的兰属、兜兰属及石斛属16个种折叶片及其横断面进行了扫描电镜的观察。兰属各种叶片上表皮细胞均为矩形,上表皮细胞表面具小乳突或不明显突起。石斛属及兜兰属的各个种上下表皮细胞均为多边形,但石斛属表皮细胞表面无坦无纹饰,而兜兰属花叶类上表皮细胞表面明显呈乳突状,绿叶类呈龟背状隆起。兰属及石斛属叶片叶肉组织没有栅栏组织及海绵组织的分化,而兜兰属的绿叶类叶肉不分化;花叶类叶肉有分化。  相似文献   

10.
甘蓝热胁迫叶片细胞的超微结构研究   总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23  
高温胁迫引起植物体损伤是很常见的,人们已从多方面探讨高温胁迫对植物的影响,主要工作集中在生理生化、膜结构、热激蛋白及作物产量等方面[1—4],超微结构的变化也有少量报道[5—7]。但目前要建立一个高温对植物体影响的模式还比较困难。本文探讨了甘蓝不同耐热品种叶片细胞超微结构在热胁迫后的差异,目的是建立植物耐热程度的细胞学指标,为育种工作者选育耐热性品种提供细胞学依据。材料和方法试验材料为甘蓝(Brassicaoleraceavar.capitataL.)耐热品种“夏光甘蓝”和感热品种“京丰甘蓝”。…  相似文献   

11.
水稻剑叶气孔性状与孕穗期耐冷性的关系研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以人工气候室鉴定的孕穗期耐冷性不同的10个水稻品种为材料,采用扫描电子显微镜观测其剑叶的气孔密度、气孔大小和单位面积气孔周长等性状特点,以探讨水稻剑叶气孔性状与孕穗期耐冷性的关系.结果表明:耐冷性强品种'培杂软香'、'天优688'、'冈优825' 的气孔密度和单位叶面积气孔总周长较小,分别为380~410个/mm2和29.8~32.6 cm;耐冷性弱的品种'粤杂763'气孔密度和单位叶面积气孔总周长较大,分别为618个/mm~2和46.9 cm; 耐冷性中等的品种'培杂泰丰'等介于二者之间,分别为460~510个/mm~2和35.1~39.3 cm.气孔密度相近时,气孔较大的品种耐冷性较弱;单位叶面积气孔总周长相近时,气孔密度大的品种耐冷性较弱.研究发现,水稻品种剑叶的气孔密度和单位叶面积气孔总周长与其孕穗期耐冷性均呈极显著正相关,可以作为水稻孕穗期耐冷性的鉴定指标.  相似文献   

12.
以抗旱性强的小麦品种昌乐5号和抗旱性弱的鲁麦5号的幼苗为材料,研究了随着干旱胁迫的加剧,小麦叶片相对含水量、气孔导度和内源激素水平的变化.结果表明,叶片的气孔导度和细胞激动素与脱落酸含量的比值(CTKs/ABA)呈较强的线性正相关关系而与叶片RWC的相关关系较弱,说明气孔导度受CTKs/ABA调控,而不是受叶片RWC的调控.在不同强度的干旱胁迫下我们可以利用CTKs/ABA的变化判断品种抗旱性大小:①抗旱力强的小麦品种叶片的平均CTKs/ABA值较高,而弱者较低,说明强者内源促进型激素含量相对较高,从而在干旱胁迫下保持较高的生活力.②抗旱力强的小麦品种叶片CTKs/ABA与干旱处理天数呈二次负相关关系,而弱者是线性负相关关系,说明强者具有较强的抗逆缓冲能力.③抗旱力强的小麦品种成熟叶(第二叶)CTKs/ABA下降快,新叶(第三叶)下降慢,而弱者反之,说明抗旱性强者可能存在着较强的从成熟叶向新叶的物质运输从而具有自我保护性调节机制.  相似文献   

13.
Photosynthetic gas exchange, vegetative growth, water relations and fluorescence parameters as well as leaf anatomical characteristics were investigated on young plants of two Olea europaea L. cultivars (Chemlali and Zalmati), submitted to contrasting water availability regimes. Two-year-old olive trees, grown in pots in greenhouse, were not watered for 2 months. Relative growth rate (RGR), leaf water potential (ΨLW) and the leaf relative water content (LWC) of the two cultivars decreased with increasing water stress. Zalmati showed higher values of RGR and LWC and lower decreased values of ΨLW than Chemlali, in response to water deficit, particularly during severe drought stress. Water stress also caused a marked decline on photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll fluorescence. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (F v/F m) and the intrinsic efficiency of open PSII reaction centres (F′ v/F′ m) decreased as drought stress developed. In addition, drought conditions, reduced leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids contents especially at severe water stress. However, Zalmati plants were the less affected when compared with Chemlali. In both cultivars, stomatal control was the major factor affecting photosynthesis under moderate drought stress. At severe drought-stress levels, the non-stomatal component of photosynthesis is inhibited and inactivation of the photosystem II occurs. Leaf anatomical parameters show that drought stress resulted in an increase of the upper epidermis and palisade mesophyll thickness as well as an increase of the stomata and trichomes density. These changes were more characteristic in cv. ‘Zalmati’. Zalmati leaves also revealed lower specific leaf area and had higher density of foliar tissue. From the behaviour of Zalmati plants, with a smaller reduction in relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and with a thicker palisade parenchyma, and a higher stomatal and trichome density, we consider this cultivar more drought-tolerant than cv. Chemlali and therefore, very promising for cultivation in arid areas.  相似文献   

14.
This study analyzes the effects of soil salinity on fatty acid composition, antioxidative enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and photosynthesis in functional leaves during the flowering and boll-forming stages of two cotton cultivars, namely, CCRI-44 (salt-tolerant) and Sumian 12 (salt-sensitive), grown under different soil salinity conditions. Saturated (C16:0 and C18:0) and unsaturated fatty acid (FA) contents (C18:1), as well as superoxide dismutase activity increased, whereas high-unsaturated FA (C18:2 and C18:3) decreased, with the increase in soil salinity. The production of malondialdehyde increased with increasing lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, indicating that LOX catalyzed FA peroxidation under salt stress. Soil salinity had no significant effect on catalase (CAT) and peroxidases (POD) activity in the salt-sensitive cultivar Sumian 12, but significantly increased CAT and POD activities in the salt-tolerant cultivar CCRI-44. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the cotton cultivars decreased in response to salt stress; however, CCRI-44 showed a smaller reduction in photosynthesis than Sumian 12. The results indicated that stomatal apparatus limited leaf photosynthetic capacity in the salinity-treated plants of both cultivars. The net photosynthetic rate, maximum photochemical efficiency, and photochemical quantum yield of the cotton functional leaves showed positive correlation with double-bond index (DBI). These results suggested that salt stress caused DBI reduction and decreased the photochemical conversion efficiency of solar radiation and, thereby resulting in lower net photosynthetic rates.  相似文献   

15.
The effects of nitrogen fertilization on the growth, photosynthetic pigment contents, gas exchange, and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters in two tall fescue cultivars (Festuca arundinacea cv. Barlexas and Crossfire II) were investigated under heat stress at 38/30 °C (day/night) for two weeks. Shoot growth rate of two tall fescue cultivars declined significantly under heat stress, and N supply can improved the growth rates, especially for the Barlexas. Chl content, leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and the maximal efficiency of photosystem 2 photochemistry (Fv/Fm) also decreased less under heat stress by N supply, especially in Crossfire II. Moreover, cultivar variations in photosynthetic performance were associated with their different response to heat stress and nitrogen fertilization, which were evidenced by shoot growth rate and photosynthetic pigment contents.  相似文献   

16.
The effects of three levels of moisture under greenhouse conditions and also identical moisture levels under field conditions, on the growth yield and water relations of two tomato cultivars, Fireball and Ife I, were investigated. The objective was to ascertain the drought susceptibility of these two tomato cultivars. The cultivar, Ife I, was more drought susceptible than Fireball and the drought susceptibility increased with the level of soil water stress. The drought tolerance, of Fireball is attributed to a lower leaf area, better root system development in terms of average root length and rooting depth, and a higher leaf water potential. The higher leaf stomatal resistances of Fireball variety suggest an inbuilt mechanism to regulate water vapour flow in times of stress.  相似文献   

17.
Ramanjulu  S.  Sreenivasulu  N.  Sudhakar  C. 《Photosynthetica》1998,35(2):279-283
Three-month-old mulberry (Morus alba L.) cultivars (drought tolerant S13 and drought sensitive S54) were subjected to water stress for 15 d. Water stress decreased the leaf water potential, net photosynthetic rate (PN), and stomatal conductance (gs) in both the cultivars. However, the magnitude of decline was comparatively greater in the sensitive cultivar (S54). Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was unaltered during mild stress, but significantly increased at severe stress in both cultivars. The photosystem 2 activity significantly declined only at a severe stress in both cultivars. The Ci/gs ratio representing the mesophyll efficiency was greater in the tolerant cultivar S13. Involvement of stomatal and/or non-stomatal components in declining PN depended on the severity and duration of stress. However, the degree of non-stomatal limitations was relatively less in the drought tolerant cultivar.  相似文献   

18.
Differences in abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation between two olive cultivars were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in roots and leaves, leaf water potential (Ψl), stomatal conductance (g s) as well as photosynthetic rate (A) were also determined in well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) plants of two olive cultivars ‘Chemlali’ and ‘Chetoui’. ‘Chemlali’ was able to maintain higher leaf CO2 assimilation rate and leaf stomatal conductance throughout the drought cycle when compared with ‘Chetoui’. Furthermore, leaf water potential of ‘Chemlali’ decreased in lower extent than in Chetoui in response to water deficit. Interestingly, significant differences in water-stress-induced ABA accumulation were observed between the two olive cultivars and reflect the degree of stress experienced. Chemlali, a drought tolerant cultivar, accumulated lower levels of ABA in their leaves to regulate stomatal control in response to water stress compared to the drought sensitive olive cultivar ‘Chetoui’ which accumulated ABA in large amount.  相似文献   

19.
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