Eimeria clethrionomyis sp. n., Eimeria gallatii sp. n., Eimeria pileata sp. n. and Eimeria marconii sp. n. from the Red-Backed Vole Clethrionomys gapperi Vigors,from Pennsylvania§

SYNOPSIS Four new eimerian species are described from red-backed voles. Clethrionomys gapperi in Pennsylvania. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria clethrionomyis sp. n. are ellipsoidal, 18.8 (16.5–21.5) × 14.9 (14.0–16.5) with elongate, ovoid sporocysts, 10.6 (9.5–12.0) × 6.1 (5.5–7.0). The oocyst wall is smooth, with 2 layers, and thins, with terminal cap at one or both ends. Polar granules, dark Stieda body and sporocyst residuum are present. The occyst residuum is absent. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria gallatii sp. n. are ellipsoidal, 27.7 (21–32) × 19.3 (17–24) with ovoid sporocysts, 13.5 (12–15) × 8.8 (8–10). The oocyst wall is smooth, 2-layered, with a micropyle and thin wall at the end opposite the micropyle. Polar granules. Stieda body and sporocyst residuum are present. The oocyst residuum is atypical, of cobwebby material. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria pileata sp. n. are subspherical to spherical, 25.2 (20.5–29.5) × 22.5(19.5–25.5) with ellipsoidal sporocysts, 13.4(10.5–15.0) × 8.4 (7.5–9.5). The oocyst wall is rough, pitted, striated, 2-layered, with no micropyle. Polar granules, oocyst and sporocyst residuum. Stieda body and stiedal cap are present. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria marconii sp. n. are ellipsoidal, 13.0 (10.5–15.0) × 10.6 (9.5–12.0) with elongate, ovoid sporocysts, 7.7 (7.0–8.5) × 4.2 (3.0–4.5). The oocyst wall is smooth, single-layered, with no micropyle. Polar granules, dark Stieda body and sporocyst residuum are present. There is no oocyst residuum.     

Eimeria cicaki sp. n. and Isospora thavari sp. n. from the House Lizard Gehyra mutilata Boulenger in Malaysia*

SYNOPSIS. Oocysts and endogenous stages of new species of Eimeria and Isospora from the house lizard, Gehyra mutilata, are described. The ellipsoid to subspherical 2-layered oocysts of E. cicaki averaged 24.0 × 21.0 μm. Polar granules are present. Micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent. Ellipsoid sporocysts average 12.2 × 9.0 μm. A sporocyst residuum is present, but the Stieda body is absent. Endogenous stages are in epithelial cells of the small intestine. The subspherical single-layered oocysts of I. thavari average 23.8 × 22.8 μm. The polar granule is present; micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent. Ellipsoid sporocysts average 12.8 × 9.4 μm. Stieda body and sporocyst residuum are present. There are endogenous stages in epithelial cells of the small intestine.     

Coccidia of Malaysian Mammals: New Host Records and Descriptions of Three New Species of Eimeria*

SYNOPSIS. In a survey of parasites of wild mammals of Malaysia 3 new species of Eimeria were found. Eimeria tupaiae sp. n. is described from the common tree shrew, Tupaia glis. Its ellipsoidal to spherical, 3-layered oocysts average 20 × 19 μm. A micropyle is absent; an oocyst residuum and polar granule are present. Ellipsoidal sporocysts average 11 × 7 μm. A sporocyst residuum and Stieda body are present. Eimeria ptilocerci sp. n. is described from the pen-tail tree shrew, Ptilocercus lowii. The ellipsoidal to spherical, 2-layered oocysts average 23 × 20 μm. A micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent; polar granules are present. The ellipsoidal sporocysts average 13 × 7 μm. A sporocyst residuum and Stieda body are present. Eimeria muuli sp. n. is described from the pencil-tailed tree mouse, Chiropodomys gliroides. The ellipsoidal single-layered oocysts average 25 × 19 μm. A micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent; a polar granule is present. The ellipsoidal sporocysts average 13 × 8 μm. A sporocyst residuum and Stieda body are present. In addition, new host records are reported as follows: E. miyairii Ohira from Whitehead's rat Rattus whiteheadi and the Malaysian wood rat, R. tiomanicus; E. separata Becker & Hall from Mueller's rat, R. muelleri, the chestnut rat, R. fulvescens, and the Malaysian wood rat, R. tiomanicus; E. nieschulzi Dieben from the red spiny rat, R. surifer and the chestnut rat, R. fulvescens; and E. callosciuri Colley from the grey-bellied squirrel, Callosciurus caniceps and the black-banded squirrel, C. nigrovittatus.     

Eimeria dalli sp. n. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from Dall Sheep Ovis dalli

Eimeria dalli sp. n. is described from fecal samples collected from Dall sheep, Ovis dalli, from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. The oocysts are spherical or subspherical with mean dimensions of 43.7 × 37.4 μm. The outer oocyst wall is rough and irregular. No micropyle, micropylar cap or residuum was observed. Sporocysts were elongate ovoid with mean dimensions of 19.0 × 10.7 μm. Stieda bodies were not discernible.     

Three New Species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Nerodia rhombifem (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Texas1

Three new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) are described from the intestinal contents of Nerodia rhombifera (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Texas. Oocysts of Eimeria infirmus are irregular in shape, 11.6 (8.8–14.4) μm in diameter, with a smooth, thin wall that ruptures easily, releasing free sporocysts. A small polar granule is usually present, but a micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent. Sporocysts are bean-shaped with one side flattened slightly, 9.1 times 5.0 (7.2–10.4 times 4.4–5.8) μm, with what may be a Stieda body consisting of a slight thickening of one end of the sporocyst. Each sporocyst contains a spherical or ellipsoid residuum and sporozoites, each with a single, posterior refractile body. Oocysts of Eimeria rhombifera are spherical or subspherical, 13.1 times 12.6 (12.0–14.4 times 11.2–14.4) μm, with a smooth, frail wall. A polar granule is present, but a micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent. Sporocysts are ovoid, 8.8 times 5.5 (8.0–9.6 times 5.0–6.0) μm, each with a Stieda body. Each sporocyst contains a spherical or subspherical residuum and sporozoites, each with a single posterior refractile body. Oocysts of Eimeria tenuis are ellipsoidal in shape, 17.2 times 10.8 (15.2–20.8 times 9.6–12.0) μm, with a smooth, thin wall. A polar granule and oocyst residuum are present, but a micropyle is absent. Sporocysts are elongate, 13.2 times 4.9(11.2–15.2 times 4.4–5.6) μm, each with a Stieda body consisting of a thickening of the sporocyst wall. Each sporocyst contains a spherical or subspherical residuum and sporozoites with anterior and posterior refractile bodies.     

Eimeria Caprovina Sp. N. From the Domestic Goat, Capra Hircus, From the Usa

Oocysts of Eimeria caprovina sp. n. from the domestic goat, Capra hircus , are ellipsoidal, subspherical or slightly ovoid, usually flattened at the micropylar end. They measure 29.7 (26-36) × 23.7 (23-28) μ. the sporocysts are elongate ovoids, measuring 14.3 (13-17) × 8.3 (8-9) μ. with Stieda bodies at the narrow ends. the oocyst wait is 1.6 μ thick, smooth, dark-brown to brownish-yellow, and 2-layered. A micropyle. 6.2 (4-10) μ in diameter, polar granule, and sporocyst residuum are present: micropylar cap and oocyst residuum are absent.     

Two new species of coccidia, Eimeria leucuri and E. oreoecetes (Protozoa: Eimeriidae), in grouse from Colorado.

Eimeria leucuri is described from white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus), and E. oreoecetes from white-tailed ptarmigan and blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) from Colorado. Oocysts of E. leucuri are ellipsoidal, 26.6 by 17.7 micron, each bearing a micropyle, micropyle cap, up to 4 polar granules, but no oocyst residuum. The lemon-shaped sporocysts are 15.4 by 6.7 micron, and have Stieda bodies and large amounts of sporocyst residuum. The sporocyst contents are enclosed in a membrane. Oocysts of E. oreoecetes are subspherical, 26.0 by 22.6 micron, and have up to 4 polar granules. The lemon-shaped sporocysts are 14.6 by 8.8 micron, and have both Stieda bodies and substiedal bodies and a large amount of sporocyst residuum. The sporocyst contents are enclosed in a membrane. These are the first coccidia to be described from these tetraonids.     

Two New Species of Eimeria from Colubrid Snakes in Iowa*

SYNOPSIS. Oocysts of Eimeria natricis sp. n. and Eimeria sipedon sp. n. were isolated from 2 Northern Water Snakes, Natrix sipedon sipedon (Linnaeus), in Iowa. Oocysts of E. natricis were elongate, slightly ovoid, averaging in size 32.3 × 17.5 μm; sporocysts averaged 15.7 × 8.2 μm. Oocysts of E. sipedon were broadly ovoid averaging in size 18.0 × 15.9 μm; sporocysts averaged 12.0 × 7.4 μm. In both species, sporocyst residua were present, but micropyles, polar granules and oocyst residua were lacking.     

Additional Notes on the Coccidian Parasites of the Soft-shell Turtle,Trionyx spiniferus Le Sueur,in Iowa,with a Description of Eimeria vesicostieda sp. n.*

SYNOPSIS Oocysts of Eimeria dericksoni Roudabush, Eimeria mascoutini Wacha & Christiansen, and Eimeria vesicostieda sp. n. were isolated from the Spiny Soft-shell Turtle, Trionyx spiniferus LeSueur, in Iowa. The sporulated oocysts of E. dericksoni are redescribed to include, for the first time, the dimensions of the sporocysts (6.0–8.5 × 3.0–5.0 μm) and the structural appearance of the Stieda body (thinly convex); the oocysts of E. vesicostieda are newly described as being thickwalled, narrowly ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, measuring 22.0–25.5 × 16.5–20.5 μm. and having a polar granule, a sporocyst residuum, and a vesicle-like Stieda body; the oocysts of E. mascoutini are documented photographically.     

Eimeria galateai sp. n. from the Paradise Kingfisher, and Eimeria duncani sp. n. from the Sacred Kingfisher in Papua New Guinea

SYNOPSIS. Eimeria galateai sp. n. from the paradise kingfisher ( Tanysiptera galatea Gray) and Eimeria duncani sp. n. from the sacred kingfisher ( Halcyon sancta Vigors & Horsfield) have been described from Papua New Guinea. Four of 11 paradise kingfishers were infected with E. galateai oocysts, measuring 13 (11–16) × 9 (8–11) μm. The oocysts were ovoid with nipple-like protrusion at one pole. Micropyle and polar granule were absent, while oocyst residuum (5 × 4 μm) was present. Sporocysts, measuring 5 (4–6) × 2 μm, were elongate-ovoid, and had a distinct convex Stieda body; the sporocyst residuum was absent. Two of 9 sacred kingfishers were infected with ovoid-truncated, 22 (19–25) × 16 (12–18) μm oocysts of E. duncani . Polar granule (5 × 2) was present in the oocysts, but there was no micropyle or oocyst residuum. Sporocysts were ovoid, measuring 9 (8–10) × 5 (4–6) μm, with a prominent Stieda body, and granular sporocyst residuum. Eimeria galateai and E. duncani are the first species of this genus to be described from birds of the order Coraciiformes.     

Descriptions of two new species of coccidia (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) and redescriptions of Eimeria ivensae and Eimeria odocoilei from captive white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus

Two new species of Eimeria were observed in the feces of captive white-tailed deer fawns, Odocoileus virginianus, from Alabama. The first new species was easily recognized because of its small size. Sporulated oocysts are spherical, average 10.2 by 10.0 microm, and lack a micropyle and oocyst residuum. Oocysts contain a polar granule and elongate-ellipsoidal sporocysts that measure 6.7 by 3.1 microm. A Stieda body is present on the sporocysts. Oocysts were observed in the feces, and gamonts and oocysts were observed in the jejunum of a month-old fawn from Minnesota that died from enteritis due to this species. Oocysts of this small species were present in 5 of the 6 white-tailed deer fawns examined. Oocysts of a second new species are ellipsoidal and average 29.5 by 24.6 microm. The oocyst encloses an oocyst residuum, polar granule, and elongate-ellipsoidal sporocysts that average 16.0 by 9.0 microm. A Stieda body and substieda body are present on the sporocysts. Oocysts of the second new species were present in 4 of the 6 white-tailed deer fawns examined. Oocysts of E. ivensae are ovoid or flask-like and average 32.0 by 20.8 microm. The oocyst wall is rough, contains a micropyle, and encloses elongate-ellipsoidal sporocysts that average 16.5 by 7.8 microm. A Stieda body is present on the sporocysts. Oocysts of E. ivensae were present in 4 of the 6 white-tailed deer fawns. Oocysts of E. odocoilei are spherical or slightly subspherical and measure 24.7 by 21.5 microm. They enclose ovoid sporocysts that average 12.7 by 8.8 microm. A Stieda and substieda body are present on the sporocyst. Oocysts of E. odocoilei were present in 4 of the 6 white-tailed deer fawns.     

Eimeria tenggilingi sp. n. from the Scaly Anteater Manis javanica Desmarest in Malaysia*

SYNOPSIS. Eimeria tenggilingi is described from the pangolin or scaly anteater, Manis javanica, in Malaysia. The spheroid to subspheroid oocysts average 18.9 × 17.8 μm. The oocyst wall is composed of 3 layers, each ～ 0.6 μm thick. The 2 outer layers are striated and yellowish green. The inner layer is dark brown. One or 2 polar granules are present, but an oocyst residuum is absent. Ellipsoid sporocysts average 12.4 × 6.2 μm. A sporocyst residuum is present. This is the first Eimeria species reported from a host in the order Pholidota.     

A new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the western hognose snake, Heterodon nasicus (Serpentes: Xenodontidae), from Texas

A new species of coccidian (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) is described from the feces of a western hognose snake Heterodon nasicus (Serpentes: Xenodontidae) collected from Texas, and housed in the collection of the Zoological Society of London. Oocysts of Eimeria mchenryi n. sp. are cylindrical, 35.0 ± SD 1.4 (32-37) × 17.0 ± 0.7 (16-18) μm; the shape index (length/width) is 2.05. A micropyle, oocyst residuum, and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are subspherical 9.3 (7-11.5) × 7.7 (6-9) μm, with a shape index of 1.2. There is a sporocyst residuum, but the new species is lacking Stieda bodies. The new species is distinct from those previously named from the Xenodontidae and the allied family, Colubridae.     

Coccidia (Eimeria tachyglossi n. sp., E. echidnae n. sp., and Octosporella hystrix n. sp.) in the Echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae)

Oocysts of Octosporella hystrix n. sp., Eimeria tachyglossi n. sp., and E. echidnae n. sp. are described from the feces of the echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae) from Australia. Eimeria tachyglossi has subspherical oocysts, 26.4 × 23.7 μm in size, with a single oocyst wall; no micropyle; four ellipsoidal sporocysts 13.2 × 9.7, slightly pointed at one end, each containing two sporozoites. Eimeria echidnae has subspherical oocysts, 19.4 × 17.8 in size, with a single oocyst wall; no micropyle; four ellipsoidal sporocysts 9.8 × 7.8, blunt at both ends, each containing two sporozoites. Octosporella hystrix has ovoid or subspherical oocysts 32.9 × 29.7 in size with a thick outer and thin inner oocyst wall; no micropyle; eight sporocysts spherical or slightly subspherical 11.3 × 11.2 each containing two sporozoites lying in embrace, with an extensive granular sporocyst residuum about the equator of the sporocyst. Endogenous stages considered to be of E. tachyglossi at least, were recognized in the lamina propria and epithelium on villi in the small intestine of three echidnas.     

Eimeria tarentolae n. sp. from the Moorish Gecko, Tarentola mauritanica

ABSTRACT. A new species of Eimeria from the Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica , of Minorca, Spain, is described. Oocysts of Eimeria tarentolae are ellipsoidal and measure 17.8 (17.6–18.7) μm by 13.5 (12.9–14.0) μm. Micropyle, oocyst residuum, and polar granule are absent. Each oocyst contains four spherical to slightly subspherical sporocysts 6.8 (6.4–7.0) μm in diameter. A sporocyst residuum is present, while a Stieda body is lacking. Sporulation is completed within 24–32 h at 21 ± 2°C.     

Eimeria malabaricas sp. n. and Eimeria bandipurensis from the South Indian Tree Squirrel,Funambulus tristriatus*

Synopsis. Oocysts of Eimeria malabaricas sp. n. and Eimeria bandipurensis from the South Indian tree squirrel Funambulus tristriatus collected in Kerala, India, are described. Sporulated oocysts of E. malabaricas were ellipsoid to subspherical measuring 39.8 (35–45) × 32.1 (29–37) m?m, with a thick (2.5–3.0 m?m), 2-layered wall. The outer layer was yellow-brown, striated, and rough. There was no micropyle. but a polar granule was present in 34% of oocysts. The sporocysts were ovoid, 16.0 (14.0–18.0) × 11.2 (11.0–12.0) m?m, with a Stieda body and a granular residuum. Excysted sporozoites were 21.8 (19.0–23.0) × 3.4 (3.0–4.0) m?m, with a large refractile body. The sporulated oocysts of E. bandipurensis are redescribed.     

Description of the Oocysts of Two New Species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimerüdae) from the Florida Manatee, Trichechus manatus (Sirenia: Trichechidae)

Two new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimerüdae) are described from the feces of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostrts (Sirenia: Trichechidae). Oocysts of Eimeria manatus n. sp. are spherical to subsphencal, 11.8 × 10.7 (10.5–13.5 × 9.0–13.5) μ m , with a smooth, thin, bilayered wall; shape index (length/width) 1.1 (1.0–1.3). Micropyle and oocyst residuum absent; polar granule(s) usually present. Sporocysts are ovoid, 8.6 × 5.1 (8.0–9.5 × 5.0–5.5) μm, with thin, membrane–like walls and a knoblike Stieda body; shape index 1.7 (1.4–1.8). Sporozoites elongate, each with a large posterior refractile body. The sporocyst residuum consists of a small cluster or row of few to many small granules. Oocysts of Eimeria nodulosa n. sp. are spherical to subspherical, 15.6 × 14.7 (14.5–17.5 × 13.0–16.0) μm, with a distinctly bilayered wall; shape index 1.1 (1.0–1.2). Unsporulated and freshly sporulated oocysts often possess large, knob–like structures on the external surface of the oocyst wall that support a thin membrane or filament. Micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule absent. Sporocysts are ovoid, 10.6 × 5.9 (9.5–12.0 × 5.0–6.5) μm, with a smooth, thin wall and knob–like Stieda body; shape index 1.8 (1.5–2.1). Sporozoites granular and elongate, each with a large posterior refractile body. The sporocyst residuum consists of a loose aggregate or scattered mass of moderately sized granules.     

The Structure of the Oocyst and the Excystation Process of Isospora marquardti sp. n. from the Colorado pika, Ochotona princeps

SYNOPSIS. Oocysts of Isospora marquardti sp. n. from the Colorado pika, Ochotona princeps , have spheroid oocysts, 30.5 (23–36) μm in diameter, and ovoid sporocysts, measuring 19.3 × 12.0 (17–22 × 10–14) μm. A polar body, 2 × 4 μm, a spheroid sporocyst residuum (8.3 μm in diameter), a Stieda body, and a distinct substiedal body (3 × 3 μm) are present. A micropyle and an oocyst residuum are absent. Excysted sporozoites, averaging 3.0 × 18.5 (2–4 × 15–20) μm, contain 2 refractile globules, 1 on each side of the nucleus with a prominent nucleolus.
The sporozoite excystation process using a trypsin-sodium taurocholate fluid is described.     

Eimeria lipura and E. landersi n. spp. (Protozoa,Eimeriidae) from the Long-tailed Porcupine Trichys lipura Günther, 1876 in Malaysia1

SYNOPSIS. Oocysts of 2 new species of Eimeria are described from the long-tailed porcupine Trichys lipura. The ovoid, 2-layered oocysts of E. lipura average 33.1 by 24.4 μ. A micropyle and polar granules are present; an oocyst residuum is absent. Ovoid sporocysts average 10.9 by 9.3 μ. A sporcyst residuum is present; Stieda body is absent. The subspherical, 3-layered oocyst of E. landersi averages 25.2 by 24.2 μ. An oocyst residuum is absent; a polar granule is present. Ovoid sporocysts average 11.7 by 7.9 μ. A sporcysts residuum is present; a Stieda body is absent.     

Eimeria cicaki sp. n. and Isospora thavari sp. n. from the house lizard Gehyra mutilata Boulenger in Malaysia.

Oocysts and endogenous stages of new species of Eimeria and Isospora from the house lizard, Gehyra mutilata, are described. The ellipsoid to subspherical 2-layered oocysts of E. cicaki averaged 24.0 X 21.0 mum. Polar granules are present. Micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent. Ellipsoid sporocysts average 12.2 X 9.0 mum. A sporocyst residuum is present, but the Stieda body is absent. Endogenous stages are in epithelial cells of the small intestine. The subspherical single-layered oocysts of I. thavari average 23.8 X 22.8 mum. The polar granule is present; micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent. Ellipsoid sporocysts average 12.8 X 9.4 mum. Stieda body and sporocyst residuum are present. There are endogenous stages in epithelial cells of the small intestine.