滇中喀斯特41种不同生长型植物叶性状研究

该研究以云南石林喀斯特地区41种主要植物(乔木19种、灌木10种、藤本4种、草本8种)为对象,对其叶面积(AR)、叶鲜重(FW)、叶干重(DW)、叶厚度(TH)、叶绿素含量(Chlc)等进行了测定,得到不同植物比叶面积(SLA)、叶干物质含量(DMC)等指标。结果表明:(1)在物种水平上7项植物叶性状值变化范围较大,不同生长型植物差异显著。(2) 41种植物的SLA与DMC之间呈极显著负相关(P0.01),AR与FW、DW呈极显著正相关(P0.01),TH与Chlc呈极显著正相关(P0.01),其他因子间相关性不显著。(3)该研究区植物叶性状变异范围为15.82%～139.14%,多为高变异系数(84.40%～131.01%),叶性状变异中AR与FW贡献率较高,分别为84.40%、90.28%,不同生长型植物在TH上稳定性较好。(4)石林喀斯特地区植物叶片适应特殊生境时表现出较低的TH、SLA、Chlc和较高的DMC等特征。这说明石林喀斯特地区植物通过形成不同的叶性状特征来适应特殊生境,可为喀斯特地区的植被保护与恢复提供理论指导。     

桂林岩溶石山檵木群落老龄林植物叶性状

该研究以桂林岩溶石山檵木群落老龄林的25种主要植物为对象,通过测定其叶干质量(DW)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)、叶面积(LA)、叶厚度(LT)、比叶面积(SLA)和叶组织密度(LTD)等叶性状指标,探讨不同物种叶性状的差异以及性状之间的内在联系。结果表明:DW、LDMC、LA、LT、SLA和LTD在乔木层8种植物之间以及灌木层17种植物之间均呈极显著差异(P0.01)。乔木层植物叶片具有相对较大的DW、LDMC和LT,灌木层植物叶片具有相对较大的SLA,乔木层和灌木层植物叶片LA和LTD的差异不显著。Pearson相关性分析表明,乔木层与灌木层植物叶性状相关性除LTD与LDMC和LA,SLA与LA不一致外,其他性状两两之间相关性均表现为一致性。主成分分析表明,在6个叶性状指标中,DW、LDMC和LTD可以作为反映岩溶石山檵木群落老龄林乔木层植物适应生境的重要叶性状指标,主要表征植物抵御外界干扰及不利环境的能力和对生长环境干湿程度适应的能力,具有"缓慢投资-收益"叶经济谱的特点。SLA和LTD可以作为反映岩溶石山檵木群落老龄林灌木层植物适应生境的重要叶性状指标,主要表征植物获取资源的能力,具有"快速投资-收益"叶经济谱的特点。     

喀纳斯天然林乔灌草叶片及土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征

研究森林植被与土壤碳(C)氮(N)磷(P)化学计量关系是理解生态系统各组分的相互作用和探究植物的生长状况及生态适应性的关键。阿尔泰山天然林是我国北方典型的泰加林，在区域水汽、养分循环和多样性维持等方面发挥了重要作用。以喀纳斯天然林30种乔灌草植物及其生境为对象，运用方差分析、相关分析、冗余分析等方法研究植物叶片及土壤的化学计量特征及其相互关系，揭示喀纳斯天然林乔木、灌木和草本环境适应性的异同。结果显示：30种植物叶片C、N、P的平均含量分别为496.66 g/kg、23.87 g/kg、3.67 g/kg;叶片C∶N、C∶P、N∶P分别为26.52、160.91、6.74。不同生活型植物叶片C、N、P含量及其计量比间显著差异。其中C含量大小顺序为乔木>灌木>草本(P<0.05),N含量大小顺序为草本>灌木>乔木(P<0.05),灌木和草本之间叶片P含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于乔木叶片P含量(P<0.05)。叶片C∶N和C∶P大小顺序均为乔木>灌木>草本(P<0.05),乔木和灌木叶片N∶P不存在显著差异(...     

井冈山鹿角杜鹃群落灌木层植物叶功能性状对海拔梯度的响应

为揭示鹿角杜鹃(Rhododendron latoucheae)群落灌木层植物叶功能性状及其对环境变化的响应趋势,对分布于井冈山不同海拔梯度鹿角杜鹃群落灌木层植物的叶功能性状进行了研究。结果表明,海拔梯度对灌木植物的叶功能性状有显著影响。随海拔的升高,叶片的干物质含量(LDMC)、厚度(LT)、氮含量(LNC)、磷含量(LPC)呈显著上升趋势,比叶面积(SLA)和N/P呈显著下降趋势,而叶大小(LS)呈先上升后下降的变化趋势;灌木植物叶片的LDMC与SLA、LS呈负相关,与LT、LNC、LPC呈正相关;SLA与LT、LNC呈负相关;LS与LT呈负相关;LNC与LPC呈正相关;N/P与LPC呈负相关;环境因子对灌木植物叶功能性状有重要影响,除受海拔的影响外,LPC、N/P还受坡位的影响,LS、LNC则分别还受到坡向和坡度的影响。因此,井冈山地区鹿角杜鹃群落灌木层植物通过改变叶功能性状来适应海拔和其它环境因子的变化。     

不同木本植物功能型当年生小枝功能性状差异

为探讨不同植物功能型之间小枝功能特征的差异,在重庆金佛山和缙云山分别采集20和26个木本植物,选择当年生的小枝测定其叶片和枝条性状。结果表明:1)叶片厚度表现为:落叶植物<常绿植物,乔木<灌木;单叶面积和叶片总面积表现为:落叶植物>常绿植物,乔木>灌木;不同植物功能型间小枝的叶片数量均无显著差异。2)落叶植物和乔木的小枝横截面积、小枝长度和小枝干重均显著高于常绿植物和灌木,不同植物功能型间小枝密度无显著差异。3)与常绿植物和灌木相比,落叶植物和乔木有较高的展叶效率(单位长度小枝支撑的叶片面积),小枝的出叶强度(单位长度小枝支撑的叶片数)无显著差异。4)在小枝水平上,常绿植物比落叶植物投入更多的生物量到叶片。     

生长型分类方案不同导致森林生态系统植物功能性状的统计偏差

将植物划分为不同的生长型来统计植物功能性状特征，是当前植物性状研究中常用的方法；但生长型分类方案的不同很可能造成植物功能性状统计分析的偏差，对此偏差的评估却尚未见报道。根据植物志描述及野外调查实际情况，将生长型划分为3种不同的分类方案：分类1：根据植物志信息划分为传统意义的乔木和灌木；分类2：根据树高和胸径划分乔木、小乔木和灌木；分类3：仅根据树高划分乔木层与灌木层的乔木和灌木。以东部亚热带常绿阔叶林区域的浙江金华北山35种优势阔叶木本植物的枝叶性状为研究对象，比较不同生长型分类对植物枝叶性状统计数据的影响。结果表明：（1）与传统的分类1相比，分类2对乔木植物枝叶性状影响的显著程度要高于分类3，而对灌木植物枝叶性状的影响程度低于分类3；但不同生长型分类方案中乔木和灌木的枝叶性状总体差异不显著。而与分类2小乔木相比，分类1以及分类2内部的乔木和灌木生长型的性状与分类2小乔木差异非常明显；（2）将不同生长型植物再划分为不同生活型后，不同生长型分类方案对性状统计的影响增大。无论是常绿还是落叶生活型的小乔木，其与不同生活型乔木和灌木的性状差异仍然显著。可见，不同的生长型分类方案可造成植物功能性状统计的差异；把小乔木植物这一功能类群划分出来，能更好地反映森林生态系统性状特征的差异性。     

广东8种乡土绿化树种的叶结构型性状研究

为探讨乡土绿化树种对广东边缘热带和南亚热带气候的响应特征,在广州和湛江选取8种共有乡土绿化树种进行叶片结构型性状研究,分析两地间各性状的异同以及相关性状与叶比重(LMA)间的关系。结果表明,叶片鲜重(FW)、叶长、叶宽、平均宽度以及干重(DW)、叶面积和叶片含水率等在两地存在差异,但并未表现出一致的变化规律;尖叶杜英(Elaeocarpus apiculatus)、印度紫檀(Pterocarpus indicus)、大叶紫薇(Lagerstroemia speciosa)和非洲楝(Khaya senegalensis)两地间的比叶面积(SLA)差异极显著(P < 0.001);洋紫荆(Bauhinia variegata)的上、中部叶片厚度(TH),黄葛榕(Ficus virens var. sublanceolata)、大叶紫薇、白兰(Michelia alba)和人面子(Dracontomelon duperreanum)的上部叶片厚度均为广州大于湛江(P < 0.05)。LMA与FW和DW呈显著正相关,与叶片含水率呈显著负相关,而与叶面积、叶平均宽度和宽长比并无显著的线性相关关系。这可能是两地的气候条件相差不大,还不足以使乡土树种的结构型性状产生一致性的适应性变化特征。     

荒漠植物功能性状及其多样性对土壤水盐变化的响应

植物功能性状及其多样性对环境变化的响应研究有助于揭示极端环境下植物适应策略和群落构建机制。通过实地调查和实验分析,研究艾比湖荒漠植物形态、生理和化学等8个功能性状的特征,并从多维性状和一维性状角度揭示功能多样性对土壤水分和盐分变化的响应规律。结果表明:高水盐环境下(SW1),(1)群落加权株高、叶绿素含量(SPAD)及叶片碳(C)和钙(Ca)含量显著高于低水盐环境,叶片氮(N)、磷(P)、硫(S)含量在不同水盐环境间无显著差异。(2)SW1环境下,沿乔木-小乔木-灌木-草本层次,上层生活型植物性状值普遍高于下层植物,其中灌木叶片仅N、钾(K)含量显著高于草本;沿该生活型层次植物性状呈趋同变化。(3)低水盐环境下(SW2),乔木叶片性状差异特征与SW1相似;小乔木叶片C、N含量分别显著高于和低于灌木及草本;相比于草本,灌木SPAD、S含量显著高,K含量显著低,株高、C、N、P含量差异不显著;SW2环境下各生活型植物性状呈趋同变化。(4)SW1环境下多维功能丰富度、功能离散度显著高于SW2环境,但均匀度无显著差异。(5)一维功能均匀度在不同水盐环境间均无显著差异,但化学性状的均匀度总体高于植物株高;高水盐环境下叶片N、S和Ca的功能分异指数显著高于低水盐环境。研究为掌握胁迫环境下的植物适应策略和荒漠植被恢复提供参考。     

博斯腾湖湖滨带水盐梯度下植物功能性状及生态化学计量特征分析

湖滨湿地植物叶片功能性状和叶片生态化学计量特征的分析对掌握植物的生长速率及植物对土壤养分的吸收和利用效率具有重要意义。为探讨不同水盐环境对植物功能性状及其生态化学计量特征的影响, 该研究以博斯腾湖西岸湖滨带湿地为研究区, 以该地区优势植物及土壤环境因子为研究对象, 阐明该地区植物适应环境的策略。设置18个样地进行植物多样性的调查, 共调查到植物24种, 其中灌木8种, 草本16种。采用冗余分析法对植物叶片功能性状与土壤环境因子间的关系进行分析, 通过分析植物功能性状在不同水盐环境下的变化特征及其对植物功能性状的影响, 发现: 随着水盐含量的增加, 不同植物叶片功能性状变化较大, 其中叶绿素含量(SPAD)、叶片厚度(LT)和比叶面积(SLA)在低水低盐环境下最大; 叶片含水量(LWC)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)和叶干质量(LDM)在中水中盐、高水高盐环境下较大; 植物叶片碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其化学计量比变化较大, C:N范围为9.35-26.51, C:P的范围为50.13-228.95, N:P的范围为2.31-11.99, 其中C:P的变化范围最大; 叶片C含量与LT、LDMC、LDM均显著正相关, 叶片N含量与SPAD、LT显著正相关, 叶片P含量与LWC显著正相关, C:N、C:P均与LDMC显著正相关, 而N:P与叶片功能性状指标均不相关, SLA与叶片生态化学计量特征均不相关; 对环境因子与优势植物叶片功能性状的相关性分析发现, 影响种间植物功能性状的环境因子不同且各有差异。     

兰州市主要绿化植物气孔性状特征

气孔是植物叶片与外界环境进行水汽交换的门户, 利用气孔特征反映植物对环境变化的响应与适应有助于了解干旱区绿化植物的适应策略。于2019年7月通过气孔印迹法对兰州市40种主要绿化植物气孔性状进行观察与测定。采用标准化主轴估计和系统独立比较分析建立气孔性状间的相关关系; 通过计算Blomgerg’sK值以检验系统发育信号; 利用聚类分析和主成分分析对气孔性状特征进行功能群划分。结果表明: (1)在所研究的植物中, 气孔性状特征在个体间差异显著, 植物生长型(乔木、小乔木、灌木和草本)会显著影响气孔长度、宽度、开度和密度, 叶习性(落叶和常绿)仅对气孔开度有显著影响; (2)气孔长度与宽度、气孔开度与面积间均为显著的异速生长关系, 气孔密度与面积和开度间为负异速生长关系; (3)系统发育会对气孔性状的相关关系产生显著影响, 虽然气孔性状的系统发育保守性不强(K < 1), 但气孔开度和气孔开张比具有显著的系统发育信号; 4)依据气孔性状特征可以将绿化植物划分为: 低密度-大面积、高密度-小面积和中等密度-适中面积共3种功能群。结合系统发育和异速生长理论能更好地解释气孔性状变异及适应策略。     

Leaf traits and their interrelationship of 23 plant species in southeast of Keerqin Sandy Lands,China

Six leaf traits,i.e.,fresh mass (FM),dry mass (DM),leaf dry matter content (DMC),area (AR),specific leaf area (SLA) and thickness (TH) from 23 plant species in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands,China were measured.The results show that leaf traits of herbs were more diversified than those of shrubs and trees and aver-age SLA tended towards a decreasing trend from herbs to shrubs to trees.On the contrary,DMC and DM show an upward trend from herbs to shrubs to trees.No apparent difference was found in TH.Except for DM and TH,there were significant variations in SLA and DMC among three different growth forms.Moreover,a significant correla-tion was found between SLA and DMC.It is concluded that SLA and DMC could be used to predict species posi-tion along a resource use gradient.     

Leaf traits and their interrelationship of 23 plant species in southeast of Keerqin Sandy Lands, China

Six leaf traits, i.e., fresh mass (FM), dry mass (DM), leaf dry matter content (DMC), area (AR), specific leaf area (SLA) and thickness (TH) from 23 plant species in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands, China were measured. The results show that leaf traits of herbs were more diversified than those of shrubs and trees and average SLA tended towards a decreasing trend from herbs to shrubs to trees. On the contrary, DMC and DM show an upward trend from herbs to shrubs to trees. No apparent difference was found in TH. Except forDMand TH, there were significant variations in SLA and DMC among three different growth forms. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between SLA and DMC. It is concluded that SLA and DMC could be used to predict species position along a resource use gradient. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2006, 25: 921–925 [译自: 生态学杂志]     

Leaf traits indicate survival strategies among 42 dominant plant species in a dry, sandy habitat, China

The objective of this paper was to assess the congruency of leaf traits and soil characteristics and to analyze the survival strategies of different plant functional types in response to drought and nutrient-poor environ-ments in the southeastern Ke'erqin Sandy Lands in China. Six leaf traits-leaf thickness (TH), density (DN), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry weight to fresh weight ratio (DW/ FW), leaf N concentration (Nmass), and N resorption efficiency (NREmass)-of 42 plant species were investi-gated at four sites. The correlations between leaf traits and soil characteristics-organic C (OC), total N (TN), total P (TP), and soil moisture (SM)-were examined. We found that the six leaf traits across all the 42 species showed large variations and that DW/FW was negatively correlated with OC, TN, TP, and SM (P<0.05), while other leaf traits showed no significant correlations with soil characteristics. To find the dissimilarity to accommodate environment, a hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis was made of all the species. All the species clustered into three groups except the Scutellaria baicalensis. Species of group Ⅲ might be most tolerant of an arid environment, and species of group Ⅱ might avoid nutrient stress in the nutrient-poor environment, while group Ⅰ was somewhat intermediate. Therefore, species from the different groups may be selected for use in vegetation restoration of different sites based on soil moisture and nutrient conditions.     

黄土高原子午岭不同森林群落叶功能性状

对黄土高原子午岭地区5种主要森林群落中重要值>0.1的物种叶功能性状进行了比较,结果表明:1)叶干物质含量(LDMC)与比叶面积(SLA)呈负相关;SLA与叶厚度(LT)呈负相关,但与叶氮含量(LNC)和叶磷含量(LPC)呈正相关;LT与LNC、LPC和叶钾含量(LKC)呈负相关;LNC、LPC和LKC三者之间均呈正相关。2)坡位是影响叶大小(LS)、LT、LNC和LKC的主要地形因子,海拔对LPC和SLA的影响最大,而坡向则是影响LDMC的主要因子。因此,叶功能性状之间所呈现的特征及其对立地条件的适应都表现出了植物的生态策略。3)各群落间的乔木层叶功能性状均有显著差异,灌木层的叶功能性状无显著差异,而草本层除了LDMC无显著差异(P>0.05)外,其他叶功能性状均有显著差异,说明群落的叶功能性状的大小取决于群落内物种的叶功能性状及其重要值。     

Leaf traits indicate survival strategies among 42 dominant plant species in a dry, sandy habitat, China

The objective of this paper was to assess the congruency of leaf traits and soil characteristics and to analyze the survival strategies of different plant functional types in response to drought and nutrient-poor environments in the southeastern Ke’erqin Sandy Lands in China. Six leaf traits-leaf thickness (TH), density (DN), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry weight to fresh weight ratio (DW/FW), leaf N concentration (N_mass), and N resorption efficiency (NRE_mass)-of 42 plant species were investigated at four sites. The correlations between leaf traits and soil characteristics-organic C (OC), total N (TN), total P (TP), and soil moisture (SM)-were examined. We found that the six leaf traits across all the 42 species showed large variations and that DW/FW was negatively correlated with OC, TN, TP, and SM (P<0.05), while other leaf traits showed no significant correlations with soil characteristics. To find the dissimilarity to accommodate environment, a hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis was made of all the species. All the species clustered into three groups except the Scutellaria baicalensis. Species of group III might be most tolerant of an arid environment, and species of group II might avoid nutrient stress in the nutrient-poor environment, while group I was somewhat intermediate. Therefore, species from the different groups may be selected for use in vegetation restoration of different sites based on soil moisture and nutrient conditions.     

Congruency analysis of species ranking based on leaf traits: which traits are the more reliable?

Nine leaf traits (area, fresh weight, dry weight, volume, density, thickness, specific leaf area (SLA), dry matter content (LDMC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC)) from ten plant species at eight sites in southern mediterranean France were investigated in order to assess their variability along a climatic gradient and their ranking congruency power. After examination of trait correlation patterns, we reduced the nine initial leaf traits to four traits, representative of three correlation groups: allometric traits (dry weight), functional traits (SLA and dry matter percentage) and Leaf Thickness. We analysed the variability of these four leaf traits at species and site level. We observed that between species variation (between 64.5 for SLA and 91% for LDMC) is higher than within species variation. Allowing a good congruency of species ranking assessed by spearman rank correlation () and a good reallocation of individuals to species by discriminant analysis. A site level variability (between 0.7% for Dry weight and 6.9% for SLA) was identified and environmental parameters (altitude, temperature, precipitation, nitrogen, pH) were considered as probable control factors. We found significant correlation between SLA, LDMC and the average minimum temperature (respectively r=0.87 and r=-0,9) and no correlation for the other traits or environmental parameters. Furthermore, we conclude that two leaf traits appear to be central in describing species: specific leaf area (SLA), percentage of dry matter (LDMC. While, SLA and LDMC are strongly correlated, LDMC appears to be less variable than SLA. According to our results the Dry Matter Content (or its reversal Leaf Water Content) appears the best leaf trait to be quantified for plant functional screening. Leaf thickness appeared to be rather uncorrelated with other leaf traits and show no environmental contingency; its variability could not have been explained in this study. Further studies should focus on this trait. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Scaling‐up from leaf to canopy‐aggregate properties in sclerophyll shrub species

Abstract: Plant species vary widely in their average leaf lifespan (LL) and specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per dry mass). The negative LL–SLA relationship commonly seen among species represents an important evolutionary trade‐off, with higher SLA indicating greater potential for fast growth (higher rate of return on a given investment), but longer LL indicating a longer duration of the revenue stream from that investment. We investigated how these leaf‐economic traits related to aggregate properties of the plant crown. Across 14 Australian sclerophyll shrub species, those with long LL accumulated more leaf mass and leaf area per unit ground area. Light attenuation through their canopies was more severe. Leaf accumulation and light attenuation were more weakly related to SLA than to LL. The greater accumulation of foliage in species with longer LL and lower SLA may counterbalance their generally lower photosynthetic rates and light‐capture areas per gram of leaf.     

海南岛热带山地雨林幼苗幼树光合与叶氮、叶磷及比叶面积的关系

以海南岛吊罗山热带山地雨林101个物种的幼苗幼树为试验材料,测定其光合、叶片氮、磷含量及比叶面积;检验其相关关系,并按乔木,乔灌木(小乔木至大灌木)和灌木3个生活型组进行分组检验。研究结果表明,单位叶面积(Aarea)和单位叶重量的光合速率(Amass)均表现出灌木>乔木>乔灌木,方差分析表明,灌木和乔灌木之间Aarea差异显著;灌木和乔木以及灌木和乔灌木之间Amass差异显著(p<0.05)。Aarea与叶氮含量之间的相关性在不同生态型组和所有物种之间均达到极显著水平(p<0.0001);与叶磷之间的相关关系在灌木(p=0.0038),乔灌木(p=0.0002)以及所有物种(p<0.0001)之间达到极显著水平,但是在乔木中未达到显著水平(p>0.05);与SLA之间在灌木(p=0.0006)、乔木(p<0.0001)和所有物种(p<0.0001)之间达到极显著水平,但是在乔灌木中未达到显著水平(p>0.05)。Amass与叶片氮含量、SLA的相关关系在不同生活型组和所有物种中都达到极显著水平(p<0.0001);与叶磷含量之间的相关性在灌木(p=0.0004),乔灌木(p=0.0018)及所有物种(p<0.0001)中极显著,在乔木生活型组中也达显著水平(p=0.0377)。逐步回归表明,与Aarea相比,Amass估计结果更接近于实际测值。由此可见,海南岛热带山地雨林林下幼苗幼树的光合和叶氮、磷含量及SLA之间相关关系与基于成树的研究非常相似,并且A比A更能稳定体现这种相关性。     

松嫩草地66种草本植物叶片性状特征

植物叶片功能性状及其相互关系越来越受到关注.以松嫩草地66种草本植物为研究对象,测量叶片干物质含量、比叶面积、叶片厚度、叶片氮含量、叶片磷含量、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量,检验性状间的相互关系,比较不同功能群(多年生根茎禾草,多年生丛生禾草,多年生杂类草,1年生或2年生草本)间性状的差异性.结果表明,叶片厚度变异系数最大,比叶面积、叶片氮含量、叶片磷含量、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量之间存在显著的正相关关系;叶片于物质含量与叶片磷含量没有显著的相关关系,与其它叶片性状呈显著的负相关关系;叶片厚度只与叶片干物质含量和比叶面积呈显著的负相关关系,与其它叶片性状不相关.叶片干物质含量、比叶面积、叶片厚度、叶片氮、磷含量在4个功能群间差异显著,叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量在各个功能群间差异不显著;多年生根茎禾草和多年生丛生禾草叶片的7个性状差异不显著;多年生根茎禾草和多年生丛生禾草的叶片干物质含量高于多年生杂类草和1年生或2年生草本,其它性状小于这两个功能群.