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以被甲栅藻(Scenedesmusarmatus)为材料研究极高浓度CO2对其生理活性和细胞结构的影响。研究表明,被甲栅藻能在60%的CO2浓度下快速生长,在5%、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%CO2浓度下的平均增长率分别是1.228、0.925、0.741、0.305、0.042、0.001g·L-1·d-1DW。通入极高浓度CO2(20%、40%)后,被甲栅藻细胞的光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)在24h内明显下降,对PSⅡ抑制作用较明显;其后,随培养时间的增长而逐渐恢复正常。显微结构和亚显微结构显示极高CO2浓度下培养了6d的藻细胞体积稍膨大、颗粒化,色素体结构相对不完整,类囊体膜结构略显松散,蛋白核消失,细胞内的液泡数目增多。 相似文献
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以开顶箱内经过6个生长季高浓度CO2处理的原位土壤种植的红松幼树为实验对象,研究了500umolmol-1CO2对针叶光合作用及相应光合参数的影响.实地条件下测定了净光合速率(PN)对光合有效辐射(PAR)及胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的响应曲线,根据光合作用的生化模型,推算出了Rubisco活性或数量限制的最大羧化速率(VCmax)和光饱和条件下由RuBP再生能力限制的最大电子传递速率(Jmzx),以及表观量子产量(AQY)和最大净光合速率(Pmzx)等.5001umolmol-1 CO2使红松针叶的VCmzx降低了4%,Jmzx和Jmzx/VCmzx比分别增加了27%和18%,均与对照差异不显著,所以红松针叶经过6个生长季高浓度C02处理仍未发生光合驯化.在各自生长条件下测定的PN-PAR响应曲线表明,500pumolmol-1CO2使Pmzx增加了94%,AQY增加了21%,Pmzx增长高于AQY和Jmzx的增加比例,说明500umolmol-1CO2使红松针叶对光的利用效率增强.500umolmol-1CO2下的最大气孔导度(gcmzx)和最大蒸腾速率(Emzx)与对照比增加了一倍,与Pmzx增加的幅度接近.500ummol mol-1 CO2下和对照条件下的Ci/C2比均随环境CO2浓度(C2)增加呈非线性下降趋势,在较低Ca处(Ca≤200umol mol-1),500umol mol-1CO2使Ci/Ca比下降了l%-7%,较高Ca处(Ca≥300umol mol-1),500umol mol-1CO2使Ci/Ca比增加了5%-20%.CO2浓度变化会改变Ci/Ca比,由于气孔的调节作用,Ci/Ca比最终还是要维持在一恒定范围,且气孔对较低的CO2浓度更敏感. 相似文献
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对不同强度Na2CO3胁迫处理下星星草幼苗叶片表皮和叶肉细胞中K、Na的透射电镜X-射线电子探针显微分析和叶片表面扫描电镜X-射线电子探针显微分析,结果表明：在相同胁迫强度下,无论是表皮细胞还是叶肉细胞的细胞壁和液泡中的Na相对含量均明显高于细胞质中的Na相对含量,并且K的相对含量均明显比相应部位Na的相对含量高,细胞壁与液泡中的Na相对含量变化范围非常接近。在Na2CO3胁迫浓度低于0.1molL-1时,在相同胁迫强度下,K的相对含量高于Na的相对含量,使细胞质保持相对高的K/ Na比。而尽管向细胞壁和液泡分流了大量的Na,但是细胞质中的Na相对含量仍然随着Na2CO3胁迫强度的增加而增加,一方面证明星星草在Na2CO3胁迫下维持相对高的K/ Na比的能力是有一定限度的,另一方面暗示星星草作为盐生植物在盐碱环境中一定程度上Na可以部分地代替K而行使部分K的生理功能。 相似文献
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在未来气候进一步变暖的背景下干旱发生的频率也将增加,而CO2浓度升高和干旱均会对作物生长造成影响。本研究对不同CO2浓度(环境大气CO2浓度、环境大气CO2浓度+200μmol·mol-1)和水分处理(土壤含水量为45%～55%和70%～80%的田间土壤最大持水量,分别为适宜土壤含水量和轻度干旱)下谷子叶片细胞结构、光合生理、抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质和产量的变化进行分析。结果表明：CO2浓度升高增加了谷子叶肉细胞叶绿体内淀粉粒个数、单个淀粉粒面积和淀粉粒总面积。与仅轻度干旱处理相比,轻度干旱条件下CO2浓度升高处理孕穗期谷子叶片净光合速率增加37.9%,但对该时期水分利用效率无显著影响,灌浆期谷子叶片净光合速率和水分利用效率分别增加15.0%和44.2%;孕穗期谷子叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性和可溶性糖含量分别增加39.3%和8.0%,脯氨酸含量下降31.5%,灌浆期谷子叶片POD活性增加26.5%,丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸含量分别下降... 相似文献
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采用控制环境生长室研究了川西亚高山森林生态系统中与C、N、P循环有关的土壤转化酶、脲酶、硝酸还原酶和酸性磷酸酶活性的月动态及其对模拟大气CO2浓度增加、温度升高以及交互作用的动态响应。在一个生长季节内,土壤有机层和矿质土壤层的转化酶、脲酶、硝酸还原酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性高峰均出现在温度较高的夏季。其中,土壤有机层的转化酶活性高峰出现在6月份,但土壤矿质层的转化酶活性高峰出现在7月份,土壤有机层和矿质土壤层的脲酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性高峰均出现在7月份,而硝酸还原酶的活性高峰均出现在8月份。升高大气CO2浓度处理(EC)对土壤有机层和矿质土壤层的转化酶、脲酶、硝酸还原酶和酸性磷酸酶活性没有显著影响。升高温度处理(ET)显著增加了土壤有机层和矿质土壤层的酶活性,并且土壤有机层的转化酶、硝酸还原酶和脲酶活性增加更显著。大气CO2浓度增加和温度升高之间的交互作用(ECT)对土壤有机层和矿质土壤层酶活性的影响主要是温度升高引起的。 相似文献
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比较研究了3种沙地灌木羊紫（Hedysarum fruticosum var.mongloicum）、油蒿（Artemisia ordosia)和沙柳（Salix pasmmophylla)在适宜光照和温度（春季）以及高温强光（炎热的夏季）的光合气体交换特点。前两种灌木为自然分布的种类,后一种为人工插条栽植的种类,瞬时光合有效辐射（PPFD）、叶面温度（Tleaf)、净光合速率（PN）、光系统Ⅱ最大量子产率（Fv/Fm)等参数每隔2h进行1次测量,羊柴和油蒿分别比沙柳具有高的净光合速率（PN）和气孔导度（gs),在高叶温（＞46℃）和强日辐射光（PPFD＞2100μmol.m^-2.s^-1)下这种差异更明显。在光合作用日进程中,净光合速率的下降主要受气孔开度的影响。沙柳的光合作用在高温条件下受到严重的抑制,表现在光合产物的负积累（以呼吸消耗为主）,炎热夏季沙柳的光合净积累仅在早上进行,沙柳的最大量子产率在16：00左右最低,表明这一阶段光系统Ⅱ受到抑制,但这种作用至晚间消失。在炎热夏季,荒漠灌木的光合作用日动态曲线表现出典型的双峰型,而在春季则为单峰型,且夏季的第一个峰值比春季的峰值早2h左右。实验表明高温造成了沙柳光合作用的严重抑制,而天然种类羊柴和油蒿则在相同的环境下更抗高温与强光辐射。沙柳在春季适宜的环境下积累光合产物,而大炎热夏季则以维持其生长为主,光合生理特征表明柳不适合在强光与高温等严酷环境下生存,毛乌素沙地沙柳群落经一定时间后开始腿可能与此有关。 相似文献
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Francis R. Trainor 《Journal of phycology》1992,28(4):553-558
Scenedesmus armatus (Chod.) Chod, growth and morphology were monitored in medium 7 (oligotrophic) and Bristol's medium (eutrophic); cultures in both media were incubated at 10 and 22° C. Growth rate at 10° C was reduced, i.e. only one doubling in 7 days in medium 7 and 2.3 doublings in Bristol's, compared to 4.3 and 6 doublings at 22° C over the same period. Unicells as well as cells of colonies were larger at the cold temperature. The lengths of cells were not significantly different regardless of temperature or medium, but cell width was markedly increased at the lower temperature. Additionally, an arcuate, eight-celled, multispined ecomorph, which resembled several previously described taxa, was produced at 10° C. It becomes a component of a previously published ordered sequence of ecomorph development for this species. Based on data now accumulated in both the laboratory and the field, these temporal changes are interpreted to be a cyclomorphosis, driven by a coupling of nutrient availability and temperature. Within the addition of new cold temperature (spring) ecomorphs, the ordered sequence of ecomorphs for S. armatus is a succession from unicells to multispined eight-celled colonies to quadricaudate colonies, ending with acaudate four-celled ecomorphs. 相似文献
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Zbigniew Tukaj Agnieszka Ba cik-Remisiewicz Tadeusz Skowro&#x;ski Cecylia Tukaj 《Environmental and Experimental Botany》2007,60(3):291-299
Short-term experiments were carried out to examine the toxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at a concentration of 93 μM (EC50/24) to green microalga Scenedesmus armatus, cultured at low (0.1%) and elevated (2%) concentration of CO2. Cadmium did not affect the viability of cells cultured for 24 h in both CO2 variants but markedly inhibited the growth of algae. This inhibition was more pronounced in cultures aerated with 0.1% (about 50% of control) than with 2% CO2 (about 75% of control) and did not change during 72 h of culture. Cadmium inhibited the rate of oxygen evolution (Poxy.) (70% of control) of cells cultured at 0.1% CO2 and had no effect on Poxy. of cells cultured at 2% CO2. The values of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, i.e. FM (maximum fluorescence yield), FV (variable fluorescence), FV/FM (maximum quantum yield of PSII), ΦPSII (effective quantum yield of PSII) and qP (photochemical quenching) were reduced by cadmium treatment in algae grown at 0.1% CO2 concentration, whereas F0 (initial fluorescence yield) remained unaffected. In high-CO2 grown cells only FV was significantly reduced. Cd-treated cells synthesized several thiol-containing peptides identified by HPLC as a dimer (PC2), a trimer (PC3) and a tetramer (PC4) of phytochelatins (PCS). High-CO2 grown cells produced significantly more PCs than low-CO2 grown cells and their individual appearance depended on the time of exposure and CO2 level. The ultrastructural analysis of low-CO2 grown cells showed in chloroplasts an increased number of small starch grains visible around the pyrenoid. In the enhanced vacuome compartment, various types of vacuoles were clearly seen in Cd-treated cells. Vacuoles containing non-membranous, electron-opaque deposits of an undefined structure and myelin-like figures were especially observed. The results suggest that algae living in conditions of elevated CO2 are better protected against cadmium than those at ordinary CO2 level, and productive processes are less affected than the growth ones. 相似文献
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Growth of Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Bréb. was significantly increased when the cultures were grown in Ethephon 68–241 (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) at concentrations of 0.001–1.0 μg · ml?1. At 0.1 μg · ml?1, Ethephon caused a significant increase in RNA levels on a dry weight basis. Total protein and DNA levels increased but not significantly. These data indicate that ethylene, the decomposition product of Ethephon at physiological pH, has some effect on the metabolism of algae. 相似文献
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The relative numbers of cells growing as coenobia of different cell number are functions of growth rate when Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Bréb. is grown axenically in nitrate-limited, steady-state chemostats in continuous light. Unicells decreased from a maximum fraction of 0.04–0.05 of the total number of cells at 0.1 day?1 to 0.01 or less as growth rate increased. The fraction of cells that grew as two-celled coenobia decreased from about 0.2 to 0.01–0.02. The fraction that grew as 4-celled coenobia increased from about 0.7–0.8 at 0.1 day?1 to near unity at 0.5–0.6 day?1, and then decreased sharply. The fraction of 8-celled coenobial cells increased from very small values below 0.6 day?1, to ca. 0.9 at 1.0 day?1. 相似文献
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葛根素抗心肌细胞过氧化氢损伤的线粒体相关机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:探讨葛根素(puerarin,Pue)预处理抗过氧化氢(H2O2)应激损伤的作用是否与线粒体渗透性转换孔和/或线粒体钙激活钾通道有关。方法:采用酶解分离大鼠心肌细胞模型,台盼蓝拒染法测定心肌细胞存活率;Rhodamine123孵育测定线粒体膜电位值,分离线粒体测定mPTP孔开放程度。结果:与H2O2应激组相比,Pue(0.24mmol/L)预处理5min可明显对抗H2O2应激引起的心肌细胞存活率的降低,线粒体钙激活钾通道阻断剂paxilline(Pax,1μmol/L,预处理30min)、线粒体渗透性转换孔开放剂atractyloside(20μmol/L,预处理20min)或PKC抑制剂chelerythrine(5μmol/L,预处理30min)可拮抗Pue的作用。Pue预处理或钙激活钾通道开放剂NS1619(10μmol/L,10min)都明显减弱H2O2应激引起的线粒体膜电位的去极化,线粒体渗透性转换孔开放剂atractyloside能明显减弱Pue的作用。在分离心肌线粒体模型上,Pue(0.24mmol/L,5min)显著减弱CaCl2诱导的线粒体在A520处吸光度降低,Pax(1μmol/L,5min)可拮抗Pue的作用。结论:在大鼠分离心肌细胞模型或分离线粒体模型上,Pue预处理具有抗过氧化氢应激损伤的作用,这种保护作用可能与其抑制线粒体渗透性转换孔的开放和促进线粒体钙激活钾通道的开放有关。 相似文献
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Synchronized populations of the chlorococcal alga Scenedesmus armatus (Chod.) Chod. were grown under five irradiance levels. During the cell cycles of these populations, reproductive processes such as DNA replication, nuclear division, protoplast fission, and daughter cell release and growth processes such as RNA and protein accumulation were followed. The amount of RNA and proteins increased stepwise with a short time interval between individual steps during which the rate of RNA and protein accumulation decreased. At each of the steps, the amount of RNA and protein approximately doubled and the number of steps increased with irradiance. At the end of each of the growth steps, a commitment to trigger the sequence of reproductive events (DNA replication, nuclear division, protoplast fission) was attained. After attaining the commitment point, the cells were able to trigger and terminate the whole reproductive sequence without any further growth, that is, even in the dark when the external supply of energy was cut off. With increasing irradiance, the number of commitment points attained during one cell cycle increased from one to four. Consequently, one to four sequences of the reproductive steps were triggered, and each of them ended by doubling the reproductive structures, which resulted in the formation of 2, 4, 8, or 16 daughter cells. The length of the precommitment periods shortened with increasing irradiance as the result of an increasing rate in growth. The length of postcommitment periods showed light independence and remained constant at the range of irradiances at which the number of growth steps and, consequently, the number of sequences of reproductive events did not change. At higher irradiances, the number of sequences of reproductive events increased, which caused a prolongation of postcommitment periods. The length of the cell cycle varied as a result of this distinct effect of irradiance on pre- and postcommitment periods. 相似文献
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在亚适温条件(昼/夜18℃/12℃)下,研究硝酸盐胁迫1和14 d对黄瓜幼苗生长及镁吸收的影响.结果表明:亚适温条件下,硝酸盐胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长产生显著抑制作用.与适温对照相比,其叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率和实际光化学效率均明显下降;幼苗根、茎、叶中镁含量明显下降,尤以处理Ⅳ(亚适温+140 mmol·L-1 NO3-+1 mmol·L-1 Mg2+)最为显著;Mg2+对K+和Ca2+吸收有拮抗作用,增加营养液中的Mg2+浓度,可使黄瓜幼苗的缺镁症状得到缓解. 相似文献