足月新生儿听觉脑干电反应的特性

本文工作根据北京市儿童医院临床的需要,在临床实验条件下对足月新生儿的ABR进行了测量,以期分析足月新生儿ABR的电反应特征。 新生儿听觉脑干反应(ABR)的波形是Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波为主的连续波复合体;新生儿在声强80dB(HL)刺激频率20次/秒的短声刺激条件下,I、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期大体为2.50,5.00和7.00ms;新生儿ABR潜伏期—刺激强度函数的斜率是30—60μsec/dB(声刺激强度从80到50dB(HL),声刺激频率20次/秒);新生儿ABR Ⅴ波对Ⅰ波的比率大于1.0(短声强度80dB(HL),刺激频率20次/秒);在80dB(HL)短声条件下,改变声刺激频率(从20次/秒增止100次/秒),Ⅴ波潜伏期约延长0.6—1.0ms;新生儿ABR阈值在30—60dB(HL)的范围。综上所述新生儿ABR电反应特性,可以为其听力和脑干功能的临床诊断提供可靠的指标和依据。     

强噪声引起的ABRⅤ波振幅增大现象

为研究噪声作用后听觉中枢诱发反应振幅变化,用豚鼠记录了器材怕作用前后皮层诱发反应（ACER）和脑干诱发反应（ABR）的振幅和潜伏期,比较了暴露噪声前后短声刺激系列强度中ACER和ABR最大振幅和潜伏期,110dBA宽带噪声作用30分钟后,听阈提高53dB,ACER最大振幅增大24%,1小时后仍为24%,2小时后增大28%,峰间潜伏期（P1-P2）比暴露前缩短,噪声作用后ABRV波最大振幅增大15%,1小时后为21%,2小时后为28%,潜伏期比暴露前缩短,AP、ABP、Ⅰ、Ⅲ。Ⅳ波最大振幅均经暴露前减小。结果表明,强噪声作用后ACER存在振幅增大,同时ABRV波也有振幅增大现象。     

成对短声不同间隔对单、双耳听觉脑干反应的影响——衍生听觉脑干反应方法的应用

采用具有不同间隔(0～32ms)的65dB nHL(正常听力水平)的成对短声刺激,记录20名正常人的单侧耳和两耳交替刺激的听觉脑干反应(ABR)。用计算机从成对短声反应中减去单一短声反应以提取衍生ABR。结果表明,单、双耳的衍生ABR V波振幅在成对短声间隔为0.2～1.5ms时,受到明显影响。单耳的减小54％～65％(P<0.01),两耳的减少46％～53％(P<0.01),但单、双耳的衍生ABR I波振幅未显示显著差异(P>0.05)。该结果说明,高位脑干通路在成对短声间隔为0.2～1.5ms时,不但对同侧耳的第2个短声反应能力降低,而且对来自对侧耳的第2个短声也如此。从而推断,在两耳交替刺激的耳间短声间隔小于2ms范围时,在下丘部位可能存在两耳交互作用。结果还提示,临床检查ABR时,采用的短声刺激间隔至少不应小于30ms。     

催产素对内耳外毛细胞功能的调控作用

采用耳蜗外淋巴液灌流催产素(OXT),记录由鼓阶电极引导的听神经复合动作电位(CAP)及耳蜗微音电位(CM)的输入—输出(I/O)函数。发现OXT可在90dB(SPL)以下各声强提高短纯音诱发的CM振幅以及短声诱发的CAP振幅,而当声强高于90dB时CM变化不明显。但在用含氯化筒箭毒(dTC)的外淋巴液灌流以阻断橄榄耳蜗束胆碱能传出控制后,OXT不再引起CM改变,而对CAP的作用在低声强段(<60dB)依然存在。这些结果提示OXT可能调节传出神经对内耳的控制,并可能对外毛细胞(OHC)的运动能力有直接影响。     

白噪声对听觉脑干电反应(ABR)和耳蜗电图(ECochG)的影响

本文通过20例听力正常人和10例听力正常豚鼠研究了白噪声对耳蜗电图(ECochG)和听觉脑干电反应(ABR)的干涉作用。实验结果表明,白噪声比短声(信号)的声强级低30dB(SL)以上时,ECochG和ABR的振幅仅轻微减小。白噪声与短声的声强级相等时,ECochG与ABR的振幅和出现率会明显受到干涉而减小,甚至完全消失。但是,此时的耳蜗微音器电位(CM)并未观察到有明显的变化。这意味着白噪声对ECochG和ABR的干涉作用主要与围绕毛细胞基底部的突触产生的抑制密切相关。由于白噪声对ABR各波的干涉有些差异,所以认为这种抑制,可能既包括脑中抑制也包括侧方抑制。     

我国正常成人脑干听觉电反应各波潜伏期的测定

在10名正常被试者的20只耳,用不同强度的短声测定了脑干听觉电反应(BSR)的7个波的潜伏期(数值见表1),结果表明,各波的潜伏期都随刺激声强的减弱(80到0 dB)而延长,且呈直线函数关系,并且这种延长主要来自1波。由每个被试者两耳所诱发的 BSR 各波的潜伏期及其与刺激声强的变化关系都较为恒定和对称。V 波振幅较大,出现率较高,接近主观听觉阈值,是 BSR 中的主波,其潜伏期(声强80 dB 时为5.7±0.6毫秒)如明显超出此范围(6.3毫秒)或两侧不对称时,应考虑为异常。我们还在半数测试例中记录到Ⅷ波,关于它的生理意义,尚不清楚。     

短声特性对豚鼠圆窗记录的N_1N_2反应的影响

研究了不同刺激声强情况下短声特性(极性、波形及相应频谱)改变对豚鼠圆窗记录的N_1N_2反应的影响。发现:①在低声强时,若维持刺激声强不变而使短声波形改变对N_1无影响,但是对N_2有轻微的影响。而高声强时,若维持刺激声强不变而使短声波形改变将引起N_N_2反应较为显著的变化。②不仅是短声的疏相,而且其密相对N_1N_2的形成有贡献。③N_1N_2反应不仅与短声刺激强度有关,而且还与短声的其它参数(如波宽等)有关。并就各项结果进行了讨论。     

骨导声诱发的耳声发射耳蜗图

用不同频率的短纯音骨导刺激,在7名(14耳)听力正常受试者同时记录双耳声诱发耳声发射(EOAE)。此法比单耳轮流记录省时一半。研究结果表明,EOAE 为一种窄带声,其中心频率随刺激声频率增高而增高,提示 EOAE 产生部位在接受刺激声频率对应的耳蜗部位附近。EOAE 的潜伏期与刺激强度无明显关系,但有随刺激声频率增高而变短的趋势,可能与不同频率刺激声诱发的 EOAE 在基底膜上产生的部位与鼓膜之间的距离不等有关。除1耳用4.0kHz 外,用1.0,2.0,3.0和4.0kHz 短纯音刺激在14耳全可记录到 EOAE,0.5kHz和6.0kHz 则分别在10耳和7耳记录到 EOAE。0.5—6.0kHz 短纯音诱发的 EOAE 的阈值均值连线所得的声发射耳蜗图上可见,1.0kHz 处阈值最低,而在这些受试者所测得的中耳共振频率平均值为1100±230Hz,推测1.0kHz EOAE 阈值最低与中耳的传导函数有关。本文描述的骨导双耳同时记录 EOAE 并描记声发射耳蜗图的方法可用于临床的听力客观评价。     

广义时频分析方法在耳声发射研究中的应用Ⅱ.短声与短纯音诱发耳声发射信号的时频分布

为了进一步探讨耳声发射的产生机制,需要研究不同类型刺激诱发的耳声发射之间的相互关系.主要研究短声与短纯音诱发的耳声发射,用广义时频分析方法中的锥形核分布分别计算了它们的时频分布,从其时频分布分析了它们之间的相互关系.结果表明:具有不同中心频率的短纯音刺激诱发耳声发射的时频分布的迭加与短声刺激诱发的耳声发射的时频分布具有相似性,两者时频分布中的主要频率成分数目、潜伏期和持续时间完全相同,它们高度的相关性支持了短声与短纯音诱发的耳声发射具有共同的产生器的观点.     

广义时频分析方法在耳声发射研究中的应用 Ⅱ.短声与短纯音诱发耳声发射信号的时频分布

为了进一步探讨耳声发射的产生机制,需要研究不同类型刺激诱发的耳声发射之间的相互关系,主要研究短声与短纯音诱发的耳声发射,用广义时频分析方法中的锥形核分布分别计算了它们的时频分布,从其时频分布分析了它们之间的相互关系。结果表明：具有不同中心频率的短纯音刺激诱发耳声发射的时频分布的迭加与短声刺激诱发的耳声发射的时频分布具有相似性,两者时频分布中的主要频率成分数目、潜伏期和持续时间完全相同,它们高度的相     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.