水牛染色体的限制酶显带

本文用限制酶HaeIII、AluI和胰酶显代技术处理了水牛染色体，并且用CMA₃/DA/DAPI三重染色，在荧光显微镜下观察了水牛染色体的荧光染色情况。结果表明：HaeIII处理水牛染色体18小时产生G样带带纹，处理20小时产生C样带带纹。AluI处理水牛染色体20小时也能产生G样带带纹。CMA3使染色体的着丝粒区发出明亮荧光，DA/DAPI则不能说明着丝粒区的结构异染色质相对富含GC碱基。     

G显带人体中期染色体亚显微结构的扫描电镜观察

经G带常规显带处理的人体中期染色体,通过光镜(LM)和扫描电镜(SEM)的对比观察,各号染色体的带型、着丝点和随体都是一致的。在SEM下,G显带人体染色体显示亚显微结构,LM所见的深染带区(阳性带区)呈现隆起状;而浅染带区(阴性带区)呈现凹陷状,分别称为隆起带区和凹陷带区。各号染色体都是由直径200—300A的染色质纤维构成,这些纤维丝在凹陷带区是纵向排列;在隆起带区是折迭环绕后形成许多颗粒状的染色质粒;在着丝点是纵向排列;在随体的排列是不规则。染色质粒在着丝点、随体和凹陷带区也可见到。染色体之间有长短和粗细不同的纤维丝互相连结。SEM图象表明:各号染色体都有自身固有的染色质纤维和染色质粒的排列结构,可为在SEM下精细鉴别各号染色体和准确诊断染色体病提供依据。     

限制酶AluI显带和CA_3/DA/DAPI染色表达的家猪染色体结构异染色质

采用限制酶AluI显带、CA_(?)/DA/DAPI荧光染色和常规C带技术研究了家猪染色体着丝粒结构异染色质,结果表明:着丝粒结构异染色质至少可被区分为3类,并且在染色体组内各有其特异的染色体分布。将家猪染色体DA/DAPI荧光带和限制酶AluI显带与人类染色体比较,发现家猪13—18号端着丝粒染色体显带特征与人染色体1,9、16、Y一致。提示家猪13—18号端着丝粒区结构异染色质存在与人类随体DNA相似的DNA组成。     

黑线姬鼠华北亚种染色体研究

本文采用骨髓染色体制片法,对分布于山东的黑线姬鼠华北亚种的染色体组型,C-带、G-带和银染核型进行了分析研究。其核型为2n=48=38 T+8 M+XY。X为较小的端着丝粒染色体,Y为组型中最大的染色体。几乎每个常染色体的着丝粒区都具异染色质。性染色体的异染色质丰富。No.10和No.18染色体具NOR(?)。每条染色体都显示出较清晰的G-带。同时对黑线姬鼠精母细胞的减数分裂进行了观察,并将山东标本与欧洲标本的核型进行了比较,其性染色体有显著差异。     

江豚分带核型的研究

本文首次报道了一头雌性江豚的分带核型(C-带、G-带及银染色)。结果表明,江豚异染色质主要分布于染色体的两臂上,其中最大的中间异染色质位于No.7q的近心区,其他中间异染色质分布于No.6q,No.15q,No.16q,No.17q和No.18q上,除此,No.8p,No.9p,No.10p,No.13p,No.15p和No.16p,呈现端部异染色质。G-分带,使每条染色体得到较好的鉴别与配对,并且C-带深染的部位恰是G-带浅染的部位,但并非所有浅染G-带都同深染C-带一一对应。银染观察发现,阳性结果仅出现于一对小的近中着丝粒染色体的短臂上(No.14p)。文章还结合文献,对江豚的核型特点及其保守性进行了分析讨论。     

提莫菲维小麦C—带和N—带异染色质的比较研究

利用C-带和N-带分别及连续处理技术对提莫菲维小麦(Triticum timopheevi Zhuk.)的染色体带型及异染色质的类型与分布进行比较分析。结果表明,提莫菲维小麦的4A染色体以及G-染色体组带型丰富,并具有明显的端带,其异染色质是多样化的。4G和6G为随体染色体,随体显带明显。在提莫菲维小麦的染色体中异染色质类型有:(1)只有C~ N~ 型(4A、4G、6G和7G染色体);(2)只有C~ N~-型(1A、5A、6A和7A染色体);(3)C~ N~ 和C~ N~-型(2A、3A、1G、2G、3G和5G染色体)。在C-带和N-带连续处理中,N-带异染色质的消失部位在1G、2G、3G和5G染色体的端部,3A染色体的着丝点附近以及染色体1A、2A、5A、6A和7A的着丝点附近及端部。本文还讨论了C-带和N-带异染色质的异同以及端部异染色质在G染色体组进化中的可能作用。     

近亲幽灵蛛的核型分析（蜘蛛目：幽灵蛛科）

报告近亲幽灵蛛的核型分析,包括:染色体数目、形态结构和性染色体组成。实验材料采自石家庄郊区的校园中,细胞学数据主要来自对肝胎细胞有丝分裂中期的观察。实验结果表明:近亲幽灵蛛的染色体数目是:雄体细胞为25条,雌体细胞为26条。性别决定机制属XO系统,X染色体是核型中最长的1条(对),也是唯一1条(对)典型的业中部着丝粒染色体,这在我们过去的实验中尚属第一次发现。对近亲幽灵蛛的C-带标本分析表明:所有染色体都有明显的着丝粒带,只是X染色体及1~＃常染色体的着丝粒带为淡染带。4~＃常染色体长臂中部有一宽染深带。极具识别特点。5~＃常染色体中的1条具一般着丝粒带,另1条全部深染,表明它富含结构异染色质。此外,其常染色体1~＃、3~＃、4~＃、8~＃、11~＃、12~＃和X染色体上,除有着丝粒带外,在长臂末端均出现端粒带(T带),其产生机制有待进一步研究。在染色体G-显带标本中,获得了较清晰的带纹。     

豪猪（Hystris hodgsoni）染色体的研究

豪猪(Hystris hodgsoni)染色体的数目为2n=66,染色体的臂数NF=124。常染色体由8对中着丝粒染色体、16对亚中着丝粒染色体、6对亚末端着丝粒染色体及2对近端着丝粒染色体组成。X和Y性染色体是一对长度大小有明显差异的中着丝粒染色体。对染色体作了G、C、Ag显带处理。C带结果可以看出有些染色体上存在着整个的异染色质短臂。Ag-NORs的数目为3—5个。     

家隅蛛的染色体（蜘蛛目：漏斗蛛科）

报告家隅蛛的染色体数目、形态结构和性染色体组成。实验结果表明:家隅蛛的染色体数目是:雄性体细胞为43,雌体为46。性别决定机制是X_1X_2X_3O型。3个(对)X染色体是全部染色体中最小的和次最小的。所有染色体几乎都是端或亚端着丝粒染色体,这一结论被对其C-显带标本的分析所证实。6~＃～14~＃染色体长臂末端有明显的结构异染色质。G-显带标本中,获得了清晰的带纹。     

一例t（Y;15）并t（14;21）复合易位的细胞与分子遗传学研究

本文对一便生育过先天愚型儿的个体刊进行了细胞与分子遗传学研究。发现先证者拥有ｔ（１４;２１）用一个短臂增大变异为１５号标记染色体。通过Ｇ－显带、Ｃ－显带、Ｑ－显带、硝酸银染色及Ｙ染色体长臂异染色质区特异控针ｐＹ３．４对先证者基因组ＤＮＡ的斑点杂交和中期染色体的原位杂交,证实变异部分由Ｙ染色体长臂异染色质区易位所形成,从而排除了巨大随体的存在或其他染色体参与重排形成变的可能性,结果表明,常规显带与染     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。