虎斑颈槽蛇消化道5-羟色胺免疫活性内分泌细胞的分布与形态学观察

用免疫组织化学ABC(avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex)法,对虎斑颈槽蛇Rhabdophis tigrinus 5-HT免疫反应阳性内分泌细胞的分布及形态学进行了观察.结果 表明,5-HT阳性细胞从食管到直肠的消化道各段均有分布.细胞密度分布呈"N"型,胃体最高,胃幽门部和胃贲门部次之,空肠最少.5-HT阳性细胞的形态多样,其中贲门和胃以圆形或椭圆形为主,肠道(除直肠)则以锥形为主;广泛分布于上皮基部、上皮细胞之间、腺泡上皮及腺泡之间,有时可见于固有膜内.     

变色树蜥消化道5-羟色胺细胞的免疫组织化学定位

用免疫组织化学ABC法,应用5-羟色胺(5-HT)特异性抗血清,对变色树蜥(Calotes versicolor)消化道内含有5-HT的内分泌细胞进行了免疫组织化学的定位研究和形态学观察。结果显示,5-HT细胞在变色树蜥消化道的各个部位均有分布,分布密度近似呈“M”形,其中以空肠分布密度最高,胃体次之,食管最低。5-HT细胞的形态多样,呈圆形、椭圆形、锥体形、长锥体形等,其中胃、幽门和直肠以圆形和椭圆形为主,小肠则以长锥体形为主,其细长突起指向肠腔或固有膜;细胞分布于上皮基部、上皮细胞之间、腺泡上皮细胞之间或固有膜内;多数细胞以内分泌功能为主,少数细胞具有外分泌功能。比较分析表明,5-HT细胞分布型可能与动物的食性有关。     

长鬣蜥胃肠道5-羟色胺细胞的免疫组织化学定位

研究长鬣蜥消化道内含有的5一羟色胺（5-HT）内分泌细胞的位置和形态,采用ABC（avidin—biotin—peroxidase complex）免疫组织化学法,应用5-HT特异性抗血清,对其消化道内的5-HT细胞进行免疫化学定位。结果：5-HT细胞从胃部到直肠的胃肠道各段均有分布,细胞密度分布以胃部最高,十二指肠次之,回肠最低。5-HT细胞的形态呈圆形、椭圆形和锥体形等,其中胃体部和直肠部以圆形和椭圆形为主,小肠部以锥体形为主;5-HT细胞广泛分布于上皮基部、上皮细胞之间、腺泡上皮及腺泡之间,有时可见于固有膜内。结论：5-HT细胞的密度分布与其食性、食物组成和生活环境有关,5-HT细胞的形态与其内、外分泌是相适应的。     

中华花龟消化道5-羟色胺免疫活性内分泌细胞的分布与形态学观察

应用5-HT抗血清,以ABC（avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex）免疫组织化学方法,探究中华花龟消化道内5-HT免疫反应阳性内分泌细胞的分布及形态。结果表明,5-HT阳性细胞从食管到直肠的消化道各段均有分布,以十二指肠部位分布密度为最高,胃幽门部次之,食管部最低;5-HT阳性细胞广泛分布于上皮细胞之间、上皮基部、腺泡上皮细胞之间、腺泡之间以及固有膜内,形态多样呈圆形、椭圆形、锥体形、梭形等,以锥体形为主。认为中华花龟消化道5-HT阳性细胞具有内、外分泌两种作用途径,并且5-HT阳性细胞的密度分布可能与其食性、生活环境等有关。     

东方蝾螈消化道5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞的分布与形态学观察,前插2

采用ABC免疫组织化学方法对东方蝾螈Cynops orientalis消化道内5-羟色胺免疫活性内分泌细胞的分布及形态进行观察.结果显示,5-羟色胺(5-HT)细胞从食管到直肠各段均有分布,其中十二指肠的分布密度最高,空肠次之,幽门和直肠部最低.5-HT细胞形态多样呈圆形、锥体形和梭形等,根据其形态认为东方蝾螈消化道5-HT免疫活性细胞具有内分泌、外分泌两种功能.     

七彩山鸡胃肠道5-羟色胺细胞的免疫组织化学定位

目的 应用5-羟色胺(5-hydroxtryptamine,5-HT)抗血清研究七彩山鸡Phasianus colchicas胃肠道5-HT免疫活性细胞的分布密度和形态,探讨其分布型的成因及细胞形态与功能的关系.方法 免疫组织化学ABC法.结果 5-HT细胞主要分布在十二指肠及其以下部位,腺胃偶见,分布密度近似波浪型,其中以空肠和十二指肠分布密度最高,盲肠和回肠次之,直肠最少.5-HT细胞的形态多样,呈圆形、椭圆形、锥体形等,主要分布于胃肠固有膜、粘膜上皮细胞之间、粘膜上皮细胞基部、腺泡上皮细胞之间.结论 七彩山鸡胃肠道5-HT细胞分布型的形成与各部位消化功能有关,根据其形态,认为七彩山鸡胃肠道5-HT细胞具有内、外分泌两种功能.     

红腹锦鸡胃肠道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位

应用ABC免疫组织化学方法,对红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)胃肠道5-羟色胺(5-hydroxtryptamine,5-HT)、胃泌素(gastfin,GAS)、生长抑素(somatostatin,ss)3种内分泌细胞的分布密度和形态进行了观察.结果显示,5-HT细胞在空肠和直肠分布密度最高,回肠和盲肠次之,十二指肠较少,腺胃和肌胃最少;GAS细胞在十二指肠和直肠分布密度最高,其次是空肠和盲肠,腺胃部最低,肌胃则呈免疫阴性;SS细胞数量较少,在直肠、盲肠处分布密度相对高,其次是十二指肠和空肠,腺胃部最低,肌胃则呈免疫阴性.3种内分泌细胞的形态多样,有圆形、椭圆形、锥体形、杆状和不规则形,其中以圆形、椭圆形为主.细胞分布于固有膜、黏膜上皮细胞基部、黏膜上皮细胞之间、腺泡上皮细胞基部或腺泡上皮细胞之间.红腹锦鸡胃肠道内分泌细胞的形态与其内、外分泌功能是相适应的.     

黑龙江草蜥消化道5-羟色胺免疫活性内分泌细胞的分布与形态学观察

应用5-HT抗血清,以ABC(avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex)免疫组织化学方法,对黑龙江草蜥(Takydromus amurensis)消化道内5-HT免疫反应阳性内分泌细胞的分布及形态进行了观察。结果显示：5-HT阳性细胞从食管到直肠的消化道各段均有分布。细胞分布密度呈波浪式,食管、胃幽门部和回肠是其细胞分布密度的高峰。5-HT阳性细胞的形态呈圆形、椭圆形、锥体形、梭形等,其中以圆形和椭圆形为主;广泛分布于上皮基部、上皮细胞之间、腺泡上皮及腺泡之间,有时可见于固有膜内。因此作者认为5-HT阳性细胞具有内、外、旁分泌三种作用途径并且它的密度分布可能与其食性、生活环境等有关。     

枕纹锦蛇消化道5-羟色胺免疫活性内分泌细胞的分布与形态学观察

采用ABC免疫组织化学法,应用5—羟色胺(5-HT)特异性抗血清,对枕纹锦蛇(Elaphe dione)消化道内含有的5—HT内分泌细胞进行了免疫组织化学的定位研究和形态学观察。结果显示,5-HT细胞在消化道各部位的分布密度呈倒“V”形,以十二指肠最高,胃贲门部最低。其形态多样,上段(食管、胃)多为圆形和椭圆形,主要分布于上皮基部和腺泡上皮之间;中段(十二指肠、空肠、回肠)以细长锥体形、梭形、圆形为主,主要分布于上皮基部和上皮细胞之间;下段(直肠)为圆形,分布于上皮基部。锥体形细胞常有一个长突起伸入到固有膜或肠腔,行使内或外分泌功能;梭形细胞有两个细长突起,一个指向固有膜,另一个指向肠腔,表明这种细胞可能具有内、外分泌的双重功能。     

蛇岛蝮蛇消化道5-羟色胺细胞的形态与分布

采用ABC(avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex)免疫组织化学方法,观察蛇岛蝮蛇(Gloydius shedaoensis)消化道内5-羟色胺(5-HT)免疫阳性内分泌细胞的分布及形态.结果显示,5-羟色胺细胞从食管到直肠各段均有分布.细胞分布密度呈波浪式,其中胃贲门部分布密度最高(7.15±2.38),直肠部次之(4.55±3.14),食管部最低(1.2±0.71).5-HT阳性细胞广泛分布于消化道上皮细胞之间、上皮基部、腺泡上皮细胞之间以及固有膜内.形态多样,呈圆形、锥体形、梭形等.分析认为蛇岛蝮蛇消化道5-HT细胞具有内、外分泌两种作用途径,并且其密度分布可能与其食性、生存环境有关.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。