大鼠脚内核的镇痛作用

本实验应用核团内微量注射L谷氨酸,利多卡因,bieuculline,GABA以及用辐射热甩尾法测痛等手段观察脚内核的镇痛作用,向双侧脚内核注射25 100nmol的L谷氨酸可引起大鼠痛阈升高,这个作用可为缰核内注射2 利多卡因0.5mol或0.2 bieuculline0.5mol所阻断,反之,向缰核内注射200nmolGABA可引起大鼠痛阈升高,上述实验表明,参与痛觉调制,脚内核缰核的GABA能纤维参与了脚内核的痛觉调制活动。     

电刺激大鼠脚内核对脚桥核神经元放电的影响

目的:观察电刺激大鼠脚内核(EP)对大鼠脚桥核(PPN)神经元自发放电的影响,进一步探讨脑内电刺激治疗帕金森病(PD)的机制。方法:应用细胞外记录的方法观察不同频率电刺激(强度0.6 mA,波宽0.06 ms,时程5 s,频率5 Hz、10Hz、20Hz、50Hz、100Hz、150Hz、200Hz)大鼠EP对PPN神经元放电的影响。结果:实验记录了大鼠33个神经元的自发放电,其放电频率在3.6~52.2Hz之间,平均为(15.95±8.56)Hz;当刺激频率为100Hz时,抑制效应最显著(P<0.05)。结论:高频电刺激大鼠EP对PPN神经元自发放电的影响主要为抑制作用,提示高频刺激EP可通过抑制PPN神经元活动参与PD的治疗。     

脚内核在电针镇痛及兴奋尾壳核镇痛中的作用

用行为学和电生理学的方法 ,探讨脚内核在电针镇痛及兴奋尾壳核镇痛中的作用。脚内核微量注射红藻氨酸 7d后 ,电针对辐射热引起的大鼠缩腿潜伏期无明显影响 ,电针或兴奋尾壳核对丘脑束旁核神经元的伤害性反应亦无明显影响。与正常对照组电针或兴奋尾壳核产生的抑制作用相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;与脚内核微量注射生理盐水 7d后 ,电针可提高大鼠缩腿潜伏期 ,及电针或兴奋尾壳核对束旁核神经元伤害性反应的抑制作用相比 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。上述结果提示 ,脚内核在电针及兴奋尾壳核镇痛中发挥重要作用     

雌大白鼠包皮腺分泌物的性引诱作用

关于大白鼠动情雌鼠的气味对同种雄性成熟个体的引诱作用已有报道如:Carr等(1965),Pfaff和Pfaffmann(1969)。中国科学院动物研究所动物生态室一组(1975,     

电刺激猫中脑中央灰质发音区的反应及该区的传入联系

刺激猫中脑中央灰质发音区可引起动物发音、情绪反应以及心律异常、血压升高等变化。同时,本研究还揭示,分别在中脑中央灰质嘴侧和尾侧发音区注入辣根过氧化物酶后,其逆行标记神经元分布相类似;但是,中脑中央灰质发音区和非发音区的传入联系则互不相同。     

锡嘴雀和家鸽中脑发声与听觉核团传入联系的比较研究

作者采用HRP神经轴突逆行标记的方法对鸣禽锡嘴雀(Coccothraustes coccothraustes)、非鸣禽家鸽(Columba livia domesticus)丘间核内发声与听觉核团的传入联系进行了比较研究。结果表明:丘间核内侧部的背内侧亚核接受来自前脑发声运动核团的传入;外侧部的背外侧亚核接受来自脑干听觉中继核的传人。鸣禽与非鸣禽的两亚核接受下行纤维投射的部位既有共同之处,亦存在着差异。     

大白鼠的解剖特点

大白鼠(Rattus norvegicus domestica)为科学研究和教学广泛采用的实验动物,它是野生的褐家鼠经长期人工饲养而成的变种。属于哺乳纲、啮齿目、鼠科。近年来不少中学的动物学实验不用家兔而改用大白鼠,为此,本文就大白鼠形态结构中的某些特点和与家兔不同之处作一些介绍。大白鼠的骨骼系统分为中轴骨骼和四肢骨骼两大部分。中轴骨骼包括头骨、脊柱、肋骨     

几种全长cDNA文库构建方法比较

全长cDNA文库是高效、大规模获得基因全序列信息的一条有效途径,尤其是对基因组庞大,近期内尚不能进行全基因组测序的生物来说,是一条开展功能基因组研究的重要途径。本文对几种全长cDNA文库的构建方法进行了概述,针对各种方法的原理及优缺点做了分析、比较,并结合本实验室的结果,重点介绍了Cap-trapper法在小麦全长cDNA文库中的应用及文库中全长基因比例判定方法。     

四种提取芸芥基因组DNA方法的比较

以芸芥为材料 ,分别用CTAB法、SDS法、尿素法、NaOH法四种方法对芸芥基因组DNA进行了提取 ;并用紫外光分光光度计法、琼脂糖电泳法和RAPD分析法对所提取的DNA进行检测 ,将它们在DNA的产量、质量和耗时、耗费等方面的优缺点进行比较 ,以便在实际工作中根据不同的试验条件选取最合适的提取方法。通过四种方法的比较 ,研究认为尿素法是芸芥基因组DNA的最佳提取方法。     

A new method for measuring tree height in tropical rain forest

Abstract. A new method is described for measuring tree height in tropical forest with a dense undergrowth, the so-called angles-measure method, which is related to the height-matching method formerly used by British foresters.     

小麦网腥黑粉菌冬孢子总DNA提取方法比较

目的：研究提取不同时期小麦网腥黑粉菌冬孢子总DNA的最佳方法。方法：应用改良过的四种方法（CTAB法、SDS-CTAB法、SDS法和尿素法）对小麦网腥黑粉菌冬孢子总DNA进行提取。结果：提取当年小麦网腥黑粉菌冬孢子DNA,纯度（OD260/OD280）：CTAB法〉SDS-CTAB法〉SDS法〉尿素法=1.876〉1.7815〉1.7789〉1.6095;产率（μg/g）：SDS-CTAB法〉SDS法〉尿素法〉CTAB法=796.25〉664〉306〉291.5。提取15年的小麦网腥黑粉菌冬孢子DNA,纯度（OD260/OD280）：CTAB法〉SDS-CTAB法〉SDS法〉尿素法=1.91795〉1.8876〉1.65985〉1.55925;产率（μg/g）：尿素法〉CTAB法〉SDS法〉SDS-CTAB法=1529.25〉799〉687.25〉372.5。结论：SDS-CTAB法是提取当年小麦网腥黑粉菌冬孢子DNA的最佳方法。CTAB法是提取15年的小麦网腥黑粉菌冬孢子DNA的最佳方法。     

A numerical study of oxygen diffusion in a spherical cell with the Michaelis-Menten oxygen uptake kinetics

A numerical method is presented for the solution of reaction diffusion systems in biology. The method is used to re-examine the oxygen diffusion in a spherical cell with the Michaelis-Menten oxygen uptake kinetics.     

A comparison of four methods for measuring roots of field crops in three contrasting soils

Rooting measurements have been made at different growth stages for sugar beets (1987) and for cereals (1988) on three different sites using four different root measurement techniques: (a) the core method where roots were extracted and root length is directly measured, (b) the core-break method where the visible roots were counted on the faces of a broken soil column, (c) the trench profile wall method where the number of visible roots were counted and the root length density was estimated on a profile wall, and (d) the monolith method where the roots were extracted from monoliths dug out from a profile wall. The calibration curves between the field methods and the extraction methods were not linear, and regression coefficients differed significantly between different sites, crops and between fields with different agronomic management, e.g. irrigation and liquid manure application. Differences between growth stages were comparably low compared with those found between locations. Root length densities obtained with the trench profile method were on average 10-fold lower in the sand brown earth, 6-fold lower in the vertisol and 4 times lower in the cambisol compared to data obtained with the core method. It is therefore concluded that the core-break method and the trench profile wall method deliver no reliable data for comparing rooting intensities between different soils and between different crops if they are not calibrated with an extraction method for each site and crop.     

三种提取苹果绵蚜基因组DNA方法的比较

参考国内外昆虫基因组DNA提取的常用方法,选取KAc法、氯仿-异戊醇法和盐析法3种方法对苹果绵蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum)基因组DNA进行提取.通过基因组DNA直接琼脂糖凝胶电泳、SSR引物扩增产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,对3种方法所提基因组DNA的质量进行了比较,并综合分析了提取所需时间及所用试剂的毒性大小等.结果表明,盐析法操作程序较简便快捷,节时省工,可得较好质量的DNA样本,且对试验操作人员无伤害,是一种值得推广应用的基因组DNA提取方法.     

康氏木霉基因组DNA提取方法的比较研究

采用3种常规DNA提取方法提取瑞氏木霉基因组DNA。结果表明:冷冻研磨CTAB法更适合此真菌DNA的提取,试剂盒提取的总DNA纯度和浓度也较高,但是价格昂贵,饱和酚抽提法提取的DNA浓度不高,且易有降解现象,不适合分子生物学操作的要求。     

Determination of chemical biodegradation by direct and indirect methods

Summary Degradation of 10 organic chemicals by pre-acclimated microorganisms in BOD dilution water was determined directly by UV spectrophotometry and indirectly by a modified BOD method. Residual chemical concentrations were periodically measured and pseudo-first-order biodegradation rate constants (k ₁) were calculated. Thek ₁ spectrophotometry values ranged from 0.006/h to 0.077/h andk ₁-BOD values from 0.002/h to 0.043/h for 1-methylnaphthalene and indole, respectively. The ratios ofk spectrophotometry to k₁-BOD were between 1.5 for salicylic acid and 3.0 for 1-methylnaphthalene with a mean of 2.7. A significant (=0.001) linear correlation (r ²=0.854,F=46.630) existed between the two sets of rate constants. Results from this study suggest that the modified BOD method may be used to estimate chemical biodegradation rates in synthetic media.     

呼肠孤病毒科的系统发育分析

运用邻接法(neibor-joining,NJ)、最大似然法(maximum likehood,ML)对国际病毒分类委员会(Intemational Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses,ICTV)第八次报告中所有已报道的呼肠孤病毒科外层衣壳蛋白序列进行了系统发育分析.结果表明:两种方法构建的系统树拓扑结构基本一致,尽管部分分支略有差异,但都能够反映出科内各属的系统发育关系,分析结果支持了该科的分类地位.同时还比较两种建树方法的异同点,并对建树产生的差异原因作了探讨.