蕲蛇酶对动物实验性血栓的防栓和溶栓作用

采用大鼠颈动脉－颈外静脉回路循环形成的血小板性动脉血栓,用兔脑粉浸出液诱导的大鼠下腔静脉血栓以及用凝血酶诱导的兔耳缘静脉血栓,作为实验性动脉及静脉血栓模型,并分别用阿斯匹林和尿激酶作为阳性对照药,以观察蕲蛇酶对血栓形成的影响。不同剂量的蕲蛇酶（６００,３００和１５０μｇ／ｋｇｉｖ）能使大鼠动脉和静脉血栓形成减少,并呈量效关系。蕲蛇酶对家兔耳缘静脉血栓形成亦表现抑制作用并促进血栓消褪。３００和６００μｇ／ｋｇ对家兔已形成的动脉和静脉血栓,能促使消褪,提示蕲蛇酶亦有溶栓作用     

蕲蛇酶对大白鼠和家兔实验性脑血栓的溶栓作用

采用血小板聚集诱导剂二磷酸腺苷（ＡＤＰ）加肾上腺素（Ａｄ）从家兔颈内动脉或大白鼠颈总动脉注入,以形成脑血栓,２ｈ后各组动物分别从静脉给予不同剂量蕲蛇酶（１５０、３００和６００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,阳性对照药潘生丁（１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）及空白对照生理盐水（１ｍｌ／ｋｇ）。以脑组织对伊文思蓝通透性改变及脑组织切片计算血栓数目为指标,判断蕲蛇酶对血栓的影响。结果不同剂量蕲蛇酶组对大鼠或家兔的实验性脑血栓均比生理盐水组血栓消褪加快,形成的血栓数目减少,脑组织伊文思蓝含量亦明显减少;潘生丁组亦显示促血栓消褪的效果     

蕲蛇酶治疗急性血栓性深部静脉炎110例临床观察

目的 观察蕲蛇酶治疗急性血栓性小腿深部静脉炎的临床疗效。方法 将162例急性血栓性小腿深部静脉炎患者分为治疗组110例,对照组52例 ;治疗组用蕲蛇酶治疗,对照组用丹参粉治疗。治疗前后分别检查血液流变学指标。结果 治疗组总有效率98．2％,对照组总有效率78．8％,两组疗效比较有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。治疗组治疗后纤维蛋白原含量、全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、血沉、血小板聚集率与治疗前比较均有下降,差异显著（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。对照组除血沉外,其余各项血液流变学指标治疗前后无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论 蕲蛇酶是溶栓和预防血栓形成的理想药物。     

尖吻蝮蛇毒无出血活性纤维蛋白溶解酶对动物凝血功能的影响

为探讨尖吻蝮蛇毒无出血活性纤维蛋白溶解酶 (NHFLE)对动物凝血功能的影响 ,作者应用家兔、大鼠作动物体内外实验观察 NHFLE对血小板聚集的影响及对凝血功能的影响 ,分别测定了纤维蛋白含量、全血凝固时间(CT)、活化的部分凝血酶原时间 (APTT)、凝血酶时间 (PT)和优球蛋白溶解时间 (ELT)、凝血酶时间 (TT)以及血小板聚集率等。结果无论是体外法还是体内法 ,尖吻蝮蛇毒 NHFLE都能明显延长 CT、 APTT、 PT、 TT,缩短 ELT的溶解时间 ,明显降低纤维蛋白原的含量 ,给药后 30 min纤维蛋白原降低最明显 ,但对血小板聚集均无抑制作…     

蕲蛇酶（Acutobin）对家兔及大鼠血小板超微结构的影响

目的 应用电镜研究蕲蛇酶对血小板超微结构的影响以探讨用药后血小板减少的原因。方法 （１）家停（Ｎ＝６）静脉注射蕲蛇酶前及注射蕲蛇酶（１ＡＵ／ｋｇ及３ＡＵ／ｋｇ）后４ｈ心脏采血,制备血以标本及超薄切片,同时摘取脾及肺按常规制作超汪切片,进行电镜观察;（２）大鼠（Ｎ＝４）腹腔注射蕲蛇酶３ＡＵ／ｋｇ后分别于２、８、１６及２４ｈ摘取脾、肺脏制作标本进行是观察。结果 蕲蛇酶１ＡＵ／ｋｇ静脉注射组的家兔,血小     

蕲蛇酶,凝血酶对人及牛纤维蛋白原的凝血反应比较

目的 研究蕲蛇酶、凝血酶与不同种 纤维蛋白原的凝血作用的差异,以选择检定蕲蛇酶活力的最适底物。方法 取不同的浓度人凝血酶与人纤维蛋白原（ＨＦｇ）、牛纤维蛋白原（ＢＦｇ）及人血小板血浆（ＰＰＰ）反应（试管法或用血液凝聚仪）,分别记录初凝时间并求反应曲线的回归方程。蕲蛇酶也稀释成不同深度 上法测定,并求回归方程。另以人凝血酶（１．２５ＩＵ／ｍｌ）、蕲蛇酶（１．２５ＡＵ／ｍｌ）与梯度浓度的ＨＦｇ反应并求     

蛇伤凉血合剂对竹叶青蛇咬伤致DIC患者凝血机制的影响

目的观察蛇伤凉血合剂对竹叶青蛇咬伤致DIC患者凝血机制的影响及临床疗效。方法将14例患者随机分为治疗组及对照组,均给予常规治疗,治疗组加服蛇伤凉血合剂180ml,每日2次;于就诊时、给药后72h检测血小板（PLT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、部分活化凝血活酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原（Fg）、纤维蛋白降解产物（FDP）及血浆鱼精蛋白副凝固试验（3P）、D-二聚体（D-Dimer）变化．同时观察患者出血情况。结果治疗72h后PLT、PT、APTT、Fg、FDP两组比较,差异有显著性或非常显著性意义（P〈0．05）;D-Dimer、3P试验．两组均转为阴性。结论蛇伤凉血合剂对竹叶青蛇咬伤致DIC患者疗效显著,且安全、可靠,对保护正常凝血机制有一定的作用。     

HB提取条件的优选及其凝血实验研究

目的：探讨HB（一种促凝血草药的简称）提取条件的优选,及其氯仿萃取纯化后水相提取物的体内、外促凝血作用。方法：以家兔、大鼠为研究对象,分为空白组、云南白药对照组和HB氯仿萃取水相提取物组。观察家兔体外凝血时间;及给药10d后大鼠的血生化指标,如凝血酶原（PT）时间、活化部分凝血活酶（APTT）时间、纤维蛋白原（FIB）含量、凝血酶（TT）时间、血小板计数（PLT）。结果：HB水提最优工艺条件是：提取水量10倍,提取温度90℃。提取时间1.5h。体外促凝效果的观察：家兔的四种方法体外凝血时间明显短于空白及云南白药对照组（P〈0.01）,且凝血时间缩短70%以上。体内促凝作用观察：各用药组血小板计数均显著高于空白及云南白药组（p〈0.01）;高（5,10,20mg/kg）剂量组PT时间均显著短于空白组（p〈0.01）,与云南白药组相比无显著性差异（p〉0.05）;各剂量组APTT、FIB、TT较空白及云南白药组无显著性差异。结论：HB氯仿萃取纯化后水相提取物具有良好的体内、外促凝血作用,而其能使血小板计数显著升高是其主要止血机理之一。     

一种新的钙依赖性磷脂结合蛋白——Annexin32对血凝及血栓形成的影响

通过探讨一种新的钙依赖性磷脂结合蛋白Annexin32对家兔凝血时间和兔、大鼠血栓形成的影响, 对其主要药效学进行了研究, 并与普通肝素进行了比较. 兔、大鼠静脉给药, 检测用药后不同时间家兔白陶土部分凝血活酶时间(KPTT)、体外血栓形成和大鼠体内血栓形成的变化. 结果显示, 按1 mg/kg静脉注射Annexin32后, KPTT明显延长(P < 0.01), 但小于肝素延长幅度, 体外血栓形成仪测定显示血栓长度、重量均明显减少(P < 0.01), 大鼠体内血栓重量明显降低(P < 0.01), 提示Annexin32具有抗血栓形成的功能, 并有对凝血系统影响小的特征.     

蕲蛇酶抗栓作用机理的初步分析

动物实验结果示,蕲蛇酶能裂解纤维蛋白原成为可溶性纤维蛋白,降低血中纤维蛋白原浓度,抑制血小板聚集,对抗在酶诱导的血浆凝块订的血浆凝块回缩,因而发挥防血栓形成作用。对纤维蛋白平板试验无直接溶纤作用,但能增加实验动物血中ｔ－ＰＡ活性。可能通过促使血管内皮细胞释放ｔ－ＰＡ而发挥溶栓作用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.