根癌土壤杆菌介导的水稻高效转化和转基因植株的高频再生

利用根襄封杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｕｍ ｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ（Ｓｍｉｔｈ ｅｔ Ｔｏｗｎｓｅｎｄ）Ｃｏｎｎ）介导的转化方法对４个粳稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．ｓｓｐ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）品种和２个灿稻（Ｏ．ｓａｔｉｖａ ｓｓｐ．ｉｎｄｉｃａ）品种进行了转化。在对影响根癌土壤杆菌转化水稻效率的多种因素进行比较研究后,建立了根癌土壤杆菌介导的水稻高效转化和再生系统。将水稻成熟胚和未成熟胚来源的     

异源nifA^C对根癌土壤杆菌nif基因表达的调节作用

用三亲水交配方法分别将载有褐球固氮菌（Ａｚｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｃｈｒｏｏｃｏｃｃｕｍ）呈组成型表达的ｎｉｆＡＣ的质粒ｐＣＫ５和肺炎克氏杆菌（Ｋｌｅｂｓｉｅｌｌａｐｎｅｕｍｏｎｉａｅ）含有ｎｉｆＡ＾Ｃ和ｎｉｆＡ－ｎｔｒＣ基因的质粒ｐＣＫ３,ｐＳＺ３６和ｐＳＺ２３－ＣＡ导入根癌土壤杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｔｕｎｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）Ｃ５８／ｐＧＶ３８５０所得转移接合子的生长速率和野生型相似。在１０ｍ     

根癌农杆菌对甘蓝型油菜的转化及转基因植株的再生

用根癌农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｍ ｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）共培养法把外源基因导入甘蓝型油菜（Ｂｒａｓｓｉ－ｃａ ｎａｐｕｓＬ．）主要栽培品种“云北２ 号”,获得转基因植株。所用外植体为带有１—２ ｍ ｍ 子叶柄的完整子叶,根癌农杆菌为Ａ２０８ＳＥ（ｐＴｉＴ３７－ＳＥ, ｐＲＯＡ９３）。Ｔｉ质粒ｐＲＯＡ９３ 带有ＮＰＴⅡ及ＧＵＳ嵌合基因。共培养２ 天后转到附加２５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的分化培养基（ＭＳ＋ ４．５ ｍ ｇ／ＬＢＡＰ）上。ＡｇＮＯ３ 和羧苄青霉素促进芽的分化,头孢霉素则有抑制作用。最高转化频率为２７％ 。把分化出的茎芽切下,插入含有２５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的生根培养基中。羧苄青霉素不利于根的形成。把完整抗性植株移入盛土壤的盆中,生长状况良好。测定β－葡糖苷酸酶活性,８４％ 明显高于对照。以ＮＰＴⅡ基因作探针进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析,证实外源基因已插入到植物细胞基因组中     

紫云英细胞转化条件的研究

研究了紫云英（ＡｓｔｒａｇａｌｕｓｓｉｎｉｃｕｓＬ．）细胞遗传转化的条件。根癌农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｔｕｍ ｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）经含乙酰丁香酮的低ｐＨ／ＰＯ３－４ 诱导培养后,用来感染紫云英下胚轴原生质体,随后的细胞ＧＵＳ瞬间表达活性显著提高,间接证明了上述预培养诱导活化了细菌ｖｉｒ基因,促进了Ｔ－ＤＮＡ 向植物细胞转移。在ＰＥＧ介导的ＤＮＡ 转移中,较高的ｐＨ 和Ｃａ２＋ 浓度能够提高细胞ＧＵＳ活性。质粒ＤＮＡ 浓度及启动子类型对外源基因在植物细胞内表达也有一定影响。采用外植体－农杆菌共培养法,获得ＧＵＳ和ＮＰＴ Ⅱ基因稳定表达的紫云英转化植株     

应用土壤杆菌防治植物冠瘿病

应用土壤杆菌防治植物冠瘿病马德钦,张洪胜,梁卫东（中国科学院微生物研究所,北京１０００８０）植物冠瘿病（ｃｒｏｗｎｇａｌｌｄｉｓｅａｓｅ）是由土壤细菌根癌土壤杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｔｕｍｅｆａ－ｃｉｅｎｓ）所引起,病菌从根部伤口侵入植物细胞...     

毛白杨遗传转化系统优化的研究

研究了影响根癌土壤杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ（Ｓｍｉｔｈ ｅｔ Ｔｏｗｎｓｅｎｄ）Ｃｏｎｎ）介导的毛白杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓ ｔｏｍｅｎｔｏｓａ Ｃａｒｒ．）遗传转化的若干因素,建立了毛白简单,高铲的遗传转化系统,获得了大量正常转基因植株。在共培养培养基中附加２００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的乙酰丁香酮的同时降低ｐＨ值可以显著提高毛白杨转化频率     

根癌土壤杆菌转化水稻研究进展

就根癌土壤杆菌介导的水稻基因转化的研究现状,影响转化的一些因素和利用根癌土壤杆菌转化水稻的一些应用作一综述,并对目前根癌土壤杆菌介导水稻基因转化中存在的问题及解决办法作出评价。     

双价抗虫基因陆地棉转化植株的获得

利用根癌农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ（ＳｍｉｔｈｅｔＴｏｗｎｓｅｎｄ）Ｃｏｎｎ）介导法将含有豌豆外源凝集素（ｐｅａｌｅｃｔｉｎ,ＰＬｅｃ）基因和大豆Ｋｕｎｉｔｚ型胰蛋白酶抑制剂（ｓｏｙｂｅａｎＫｕｎｉｔｚｔｒｙｐｓｉｎｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒ,ＳＫＴＩ）基因的双价抗虫基因植物表达载体ｐＢｉｎＬＫ用于陆地棉（ＧｏｓｙｐｉｕｍｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍＬ．）栽培品种“新陆早１号”、“新陆中２号”、“冀合３２１”和“辽９”的转化。棉花无菌苗下胚轴经过与根癌农杆菌共培养、卡那霉素抗性愈伤组织的筛选、体细胞胚状体的诱导和植株再生等阶段成功地获得了双价抗虫基因陆地棉转化植株。ＮＰＴⅡ的ＥＬＩＳＡ检测、ＰＣＲ鉴定和ＰＣＲＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ检测证实,两个外源抗虫基因同时存在于再生植株基因组内。抗虫测试结果表明,转基因棉株对棉铃虫（ＨｅｌｉｏｔｈｉｓａｒｍｉｇｅｒａＨｕｂｎｅｒ）幼虫具有较强的抗性     

干旱诱导性启动子驱动的海藻糖—6—磷酸合酶基因载体的构建及转？…

通过ＰＣＲ程序克隆拟南芥（Ａｒａｂｉｄｏｐｓｉｓ ｔｈａｌｉａｎａ（Ｌ．）Ｈｅｙｎｈ．）的干旱诱导性启动子Ｐｒｄ２９Ａ及来自酿酒酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ Ｈａｎｓｅｎ）的海藻糖－６－磷酸合酶基因（ＴＰＳ）,并将它们组成可在植物中表达的载体ＲＴ。通过根癌土壤杆菌（Ａｇｒｏａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｎｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ（Ｓｍｉｔｈ ｅｔ Ｔｏｗｎｓｅｎｄ）Ｃｏｎｎ）ＬＢＡ４４０     

拟南芥基因转移新方法一真空渗入法的研究

以拟南芥（Ａｒａｂｉｄｏｐｓｉｓｔｈａｌｉａｎａ）生态型Ｌａｎｄｓｂｅｎｇｅｒｅｃｔａ为试材,在含有所构建的ＣａＭＶＢａｒｉ－１株系基因ＶＩ的质粒（ｐＪＯ５３０Ｂａｒｉ－１ＧＶＩ）的根癌农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）菌种ＧＶ３１０１的介导下,研究了基因转移的新方法一真空渗入法。这种方法简便、快速、可靠且无需经过组织培养阶段即可获得大量转化植株。适宜的转化条件是将生长健壮,除去主苔后４－８ｄ的成株连同营养钵倒置浸入被渗入培养基稀释的农杆菌孢子悬浮液,其光密度为０．８,在吸力为１．７ｍ２／ｈ的真空泵下断续处理２ｍｉｎ／３０ｓ,置于２４ｈ连续光照下的气候室培养,待种子收获后在含有潮霉素的选择培养基选择转化植株．ＰＣＲ分析及ＥＬＩＳＡ检测,该方法的转化效果高达０．７１％。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.