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1.
柑橘潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrlla Stainton在柑橘产区为害晚夏梢和秋梢普遍,对苗木和幼树的为害更为严重,影响生长和结果。受害叶片又常是柑橘红蜘蛛、卷叶蛾等害虫的重要越冬场所。由于潜叶蛾为害叶片和枝条造成的伤口,溃疡病容易侵染。 柑橘潜叶蛾除为害柑橘和枳壳外,还未发现为害其他寄主植物。它的发生与营养条件有密切关系,由于柑橘夏梢零星陆续抽发,潜叶蛾在不间断的营养条件下,每年秋季常猖獗成灾。秋梢是柑橘翌年结果可靠母枝,保护秋梢不受潜叶蛾为害,是夺取柑橘次年增  相似文献   

2.
刘秀琼 《昆虫学报》1953,(1):203-218
一、绪言 柑桔潜叶蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella,Staint n)是柑桔果树重要害虫之一,隶属鳞翅日榖蛾总科(Tineoidea)潜叶蛾科(Phyllocnistidae),分布于我国、印度、越南、日本、南洋群岛及澳州;在我国分布於广东,湖南、湖北、四川及台湾,广东的广洲、乐昌、高要、中山、新会,从化、潮山等柑桔区均有发生,幼虫为害於幼芽嫩叶表皮下,作成银白色隧道,蜿延侵食,间或侵害幼嫩枝条,被害叶片卷缩,易於脱落,发生严重时绝大多数幼叶均被为害,使植物生长受阻,影响果子产量,甚者使植物枯萎。柑桔经幼虫为害后,甚易引起溃疡病。  相似文献   

3.
本研究旨在揭示印度查谟柑桔潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton为害甜橙Citrus sinensis的季节性变化,以及降雨量、相对湿度和温度等重要的气候因子对其种群的影响。本文对不同季节印度查谟的一个甜橙园里的柑桔潜叶蛾丰度进行了调查, 从2005年3月到2008年2月每两周调查一次。柑桔潜叶蛾在一年内有3个为害高峰,分别是4月中旬、7月中旬和9月中旬,这与甜橙新营养梢的生长期相吻合。相关分析表明,上午和下午的相对湿度和平均相对湿度与柑桔潜叶蛾的数量呈负相关;然而,平均降雨量、最高气温、最低气温和平均气温与柑桔潜叶蛾的数量呈正相关。降雨量和温度与柑桔潜叶蛾为害程度呈显著正相关。总之,柑桔潜叶蛾的数量不能简单地通过观察某一特殊地区的相对湿度来预测,而降雨量和温度在影响虫害方面均起着重要的作用。  相似文献   

4.
柑桔潜叶娥幼虫空间分布型研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
<正> 柑桔潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton是柑桔新梢的主要害虫之一。由于树龄差异,放梢期先后不同,为潜叶蛾的繁殖提供了充足的食物条件。成虫产卵于嫩叶下面的中脉附近,每叶产卵数粒,幼虫孵化后即蛀入表皮下,  相似文献   

5.
柑桔潜叶蛾自然种群生命表的组建及分析   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
将柑桔潜叶蛾种群按其生长发育顺序划分为卵(E)、1龄幼虫(L1)、2龄幼虫(L2)、3龄幼虫(L3)、4龄幼虫(L4)、蛹(P)、成虫(A)7个阶段,把各阶段的作用因子划分为相对独立的状态.根据田间调查及室内实验观察,记录各阶段的存活数,综合Beryman和宫下的方法,推算出各阶段各因子作用下的存活率,缩小了世代重叠给自种群生命表带来的误差,组建了柑桔潜叶蛾第9世代的自然种群生命表,得出其种群趋势指数为1.32,重要因子分析表明,影响柑桔潜叶蛾自然种群的重要因子是寄生性天敌.  相似文献   

6.
刘兵  王洪平 《昆虫知识》1994,31(6):347-350
澄清了两种害虫:梨食芽蛾一年发生1代,以小幼虫在山植树翘皮下越冬,早春出蛰为害芽、花蕾、嫩梢及叶片,老熟后在花序或卷叶中化肾;桃白小卷蛾一年发生两代,以老熟幼虫在地面缀连叶片做茧越冬,春季在茧中化蛹,其幼虫只为害果实。两者幼虫和成虫可根据形态特征鉴别。  相似文献   

7.
湿度对柑桔潜叶蛾存活的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
湿度对柑桔潜叶蛾存活的影响王联德尤民生(福建农业大学植保系,福州350002)InfluenceofHumidityontheSurvivalofCitrusLeafMiner.WangLiande,YouMinsheng(FujianAgricul...  相似文献   

8.
柑桔潜叶蛾自然种群动态及防治策略的研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
从1980年至1985年,在广州市郊的柑桔园研究了柑桔潜叶蛾[Phyllocnistis citrella(Staint.)]自然种群生命表.用Manly的关键因子分析法对五个同次世代的生命表材料进行分析,结果表明,影响关键世代种群变动的关键因子是一龄幼虫自然死亡和二龄幼虫捕食.各发育阶段的天敌因子对关键世代种群变动的影响力达64.6%.据此制定了保护天敌的防治策略,经实践证明,采用此措施可推迟下一代峰期的出现时间,有利于柑桔秋梢在最合适的时间抽放.  相似文献   

9.
柑桔红蜘蛛(Panonychus citri McG.)属蜘蛛纲蜱螨目(Acarina)叶螨科(Tetranychidae),亦名柑桔叶螨;由于身体背部有明显的疣状突起,又名柑桔疣皮红蜘蛛;在发生季节遇高温干旱及多风环境,则普遍传播蔓延成灾,故四川果农又有“火风”之称。为害叶片、绿色枝条及果实,特别对幼年树和苗木为害较大,发生严重时引起大量的落叶和落果,对产量的影响很大。  相似文献   

10.
柑桔卷叶蛾是杨村柑桔场主要害虫之一,终年为害,尤以4月为害幼果及9月为害将近成熟果而造成大量落果,损失很大。为防治卷叶蛾,本场每年虽用敌百虫20吨以上,也只能基本上控制为害。对生长比较茂密或树干较高的栟柑园,由于喷药很难均匀,往往仍会受害引起大量落果,是造成柑桔减产原因之一。本场柑桔园一般每年使用农药10次左右,主要防治红蜘蛛、锈蜘蛛、卷叶蛾、柑桔尺蠖、潜叶蛾等,由于每次喷  相似文献   

11.
Seasonal population trends and damage to citrus trees by the leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton were studied in the Valencia area of eastern Spain from 1996 to 1999. The area-wide seasonal flushing pattern of citrus trees and leafminer population trends were determined in 10 mature citrus orchards. In the 10 orchards, the annual percentage of new shoots that developed in the spring ranged from 51 to 96% for individual orchards (mean of 80%). Phyllocnistis citrella populations damaged new leaves from July to November. During this period, approximately 45% of the new leaf area was lost due to leafminer mining. In addition, at three mature citrus orchards, two 'Navelina' sweet oranges from 1996 to 1999 and one 'Clementine' mandarin (variety 'Clemenules') in 1998 and 1999, the leaf area damage, spring flushing pattern, and crop yield were determined in trees sprayed one to three times a year with abamectin (Epimeck, 0.02%) to control P. citrella and compared with nonsprayed control trees. In these three orchards, damaged leaf area in summer-fall flushes was on average 52% in nonsprayed and 8% in sprayed trees. No significant differences were found between sprayed and nonsprayed trees in the spring flushing and flowering pattern, number of fruits or fruit diameter. In Mediterranean areas, P. citrella damaged only 5-15% of the annual new leaf area of mature trees and yield was usually not affected by the pest.  相似文献   

12.
The relationship between damage by citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, and 'Tahiti' lime yield were investigated in a 15-yr-old and a 5-yr-old lime orchard. Citrus leafminer population densities were controlled by insecticide applications of abamectin plus FC 435 oil, abamectin plus FC435 oil plus imidacloprid, and methomyl. The control was not treated. To ensure adequate citrus leafminer densities, adult citrus leafminer were periodically released in the experimental plots during fall and winter. For the 15-yr-old trees, the least amount of leaf area damage occurred in the abamectin plus FC 435 oil plus imidacloprid (1.9%) and the abamectin plus FC435 oil (2.3%) treatments compared with the control treatment (10-21%). In the 5-yr-old orchard, the least amount of leaf area damaged occurred in the abamectin plus FC 435 oil plus imidacloprid (0.4%) and the imidacloprid (0.1%) treatments compared with the control (20.85%). The percentage of leaf area damaged was linearly correlated with the average number of mines per leaf, average mine days, and cumulative mine days in both orchards. In both orchards, the percentage of leaf area damaged and cumulative mine days was linearly correlated with the number of fruit per tree and total fruit weight per tree. Calculating the economic injury levels indicated that 16-23% and 18-85% of leaf area damaged caused significant yield reductions in 15-yr-old and 5-yr-old trees, respectively.  相似文献   

13.
柑砧术虱是柑桔新梢期重要害虫,刺吸为害。福建福州在柑桔上一年发生8代,在月桔、九里香上一年约发生10代左右,世代重叠,以成虫在柑桔叶背群集越冬,无完全滞育。4—5月气温22.3℃世代历期42.5天.6-7月27.2℃为24.4天.8月28.1℃为23.2天。10-12月19.6℃为52.9天。成虫寿命长,约历1个月半,越冬代长达半年。田间种群消长与柑桔芽梢抽发期相对应.一年中虫口数量出现3个高峰期,第一峰期3-4月为柑桔春梢主要抽发期,第二峰期5-6月为夏梢主要抽发期,第三峰期8~9月为秋梢主要抽发期,其中以秋梢期虫口数量最大.秋芽受害最重,次为春梢期。本还对柑桔术虱天敌进行调查,并对柑桔术虱卵、若虫和成虫进行药剂防治试验。  相似文献   

14.
Diurnal variations of gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and some related biochemical characteristics in sun-acclimated mature citrus leaves of mist-sprayed (treatment) and unsprayed (control) trees were compared on sunny days during summer to identify the environmental and physiological factors limiting carbon gain in citrus tree canopies. At midday, net photosynthesis and maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II ( F v/ F m) in citrus leaves decreased significantly under control conditions, but the decrease was mitigated by mist spraying. Although the content of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and activities of antioxidant enzymes increased at midday in both mist-sprayed and control leaves, they were much higher in control leaves than in mist-sprayed leaves. The level of D1 protein decreased significantly in control leaves at midday and then was partly recovered later, while that in treated leaves changed to a much lesser extent because of alleviation of photoinhibition by mist spraying. Both the fast and the slow phases of millisecond-delayed light emissions in treated citrus leaves were higher than those in control leaves, indicating that mist spraying protects the normal operation of the photosynthetic apparatus in leaves. Mist spraying also reduced leaf temperatures and the ratio of air to leaf vapour pressure deficit (ALVPD), leading to increases in stomatal conductance ( g s) and alleviation of photoinhibition at midday. It is concluded that the decline of leaf g s under high-ALVPD conditions in summer is an important factor contributing to midday depression of photosynthesis in citrus, and mist spraying is effective in alleviating midday depression of photosynthesis in citrus leaves.  相似文献   

15.
1 The citrus leafminer (CLM) Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is a serious pest in most citrus‐growing regions of the world. The influence of leaf length, citrus species or variety, leaf colour tone and temperature on CLM oviposition was studied from field observations and laboratory experiments. The spatial distribution of eggs on leaves was also examined. Field data were obtained from 1100 samples collected in eastern Spain for 7 years. 2 Significant differences in oviposition rate were found among citrus species in ‘no choice’ laboratory experiments. This tendency was not apparent in the field due to the confounding effect of such factors as the intensity of new flushes and adult CLM abundance. Leaf colour tone and air temperature in the range studied (18–27°C) had no effect on CLM egg‐laying. 3 The distribution of eggs among leaves was random for population densities lower than four eggs per leaf, but became strongly aggregated above this, when not all eggs could survive and complete development. 4 The CLM developmental stage found on leaves depended on the leaf length, and most of the egg‐laying occurred only on leaves that were 10–25 mm long. These leaves had the highest CLM stages in the field and thus give the best estimate of CLM oviposition.  相似文献   

16.
The development and reproduction of the citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, were evaluated in six citrus genotypes in order to identify genotypes with resistance traits that could be applied in a program for the development of citrus varieties resistant to the citrus leafminer. Tests were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions (25 ± 1oC, 70 ± 10% RH, and 14h photophase). Seedlings of each genotype tested were infested with eggs obtained from a stock colony of CLM maintained on 'Cravo' lemon (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck), and the duration and survival of the eggs, larval and pupal stages, pupal size and weight, fecundity and longevity of adults, and sex ratio were evaluated. No influence was observed on the duration and survival of eggs, larvae and pupae of P. citrella. However, pupae obtained in the hybrid C x R(4) were significantly smaller and lighter than pupae from the remaining treatments. Adult females from the hybrids C x R(4) and C x R(315) were the least fecund. However, the lowest value for the corrected reproductive potential (CRP) was recorded in the hybrid C x R(315), suggesting that this genotype is the least favorable for the development and reproduction of CLM. On the other hand, the highest CRP value obtained in the 'Rugoso' lemon confirms the susceptibility of this genotype, indicating it as the most suitable for CLM.  相似文献   

17.
The citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (CLM), is a citrus pest indigenous to Southeast Asia. It was discovered in Israel in 1994. The pest attacks the young foliage of citrus, and damage is caused by the larvae tunnelling under the epidermis of young leaves, leading to foliage destruction. The present study documents basic biological parameters of three exotic eulophid wasps in the laboratory: Semielacher petiolatus, Quadrastichus citrella and Teleopterus sp. S. petiolatus females preferred to lay eggs in the 3rd larval instar of CLM, but did not lay eggs in the 1st instar. Its development ranged from 9 to 14 days. Female longevity was 30.2±5.9 days, its daily oviposition was 12.16±0.68 eggs/day, the total number of eggs oviposited per female was 278.9±74.1, and the number of CLM larvae parasitised was 260.0±68.3. Q. citrella preferred to lay in the 3rd and 4th instar larvae, but not in the 1st instar, its development ranged from 9 to 14 days, female longevity was 40.6±1.9 days, oviposition came to 8.3±0.6 eggs/day, the total number of eggs oviposited was 281.3±64.9/female and the number of parasitised CLM larvae was 276.5±63.7. Teleopterus sp. preferred to lay eggs in the 3rd larval instar, its development required 11–17 days, female longevity was 28.7±3.8 days, its daily number of offspring was 5.2±0.38 offspring/day and with emergence of 138.9±27.7 offspring/female. This knowledge enabled us to maintain high quality cultures for their releases in Israel.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic analysis of citrus leafminer susceptibility   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Damage caused by the citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella, is highly dependent on the citrus flushing pattern. Chemical control is only required in young trees, both in nurseries and in newly established orchards. However, this situation is completely different in countries where the causal agent of citrus canker, the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri exists. CLM infestation results in a higher incidence of citrus canker infection. Among preventive control strategies that provide environmentally sound and sustainable solutions, resistant or tolerant varieties remain the most economical means of insect control. The objective of the present study is to genetically analyse the resistance/susceptibility to CLM and two other traits that might be related, the deciduous behaviour and leaf area of the tree, in a progeny of citradias derived from the cross between two species with different CLM susceptibility—C. aurantium L. and Poncirus trifoliata—using linkage maps of each parent that include several resistance gene analogues. We detected two antibiosis and six antixenosis putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a random sample of forty-two of those citradias. An important antibiosis QTL (R2=18.8–26.7%) affecting both percentage of infested leaves and number of pupal casts per leaf has been detected in P. trifoliata linkage group Pa7, which is in agreement with the CLM antibiotic character shown by this species, and independent from any segregating QTL involved in its deciduous behaviour. The maximum value for the Kruskal-Wallis statistic of the other putative antibiosis QTL coincides with marker S2-AS4_800 in sour orange linkage map. Given that the sequence of this marker is highly similar to several nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR)-type resistance genes, it might be considered as a candidate gene for insect resistance in citrus.  相似文献   

19.
20.
【目的】研究巴氏新小绥螨Neoseiulus barkeri对柑桔全爪螨Panonychus citri及刺吸式昆虫为害柑桔叶片释放的挥发物的行为反应,揭示巴氏新小绥螨的嗅觉反应特点。【方法】采用GC-MS顶空进样法对枳橙叶片常见挥发性化合物、针刺枳橙叶片及其柑桔全爪螨雌成螨取食枳橙叶片挥发物进行定性分析,确定每类化合物的相对保留指数,构建枳橙叶片常见及受害挥发性化合物特征谱库。利用嗅觉测定技术分析巴氏新小绥螨对枳橙叶片挥发物的行为反应。【结果】针刺处理和柑桔全爪螨取食影响枳橙叶片挥发物的组成和含量。两种方法处理时枳橙叶片释放的主要物质为α-蒎烯、水芹烯、4-异丙基甲苯。随着处理加重,增量释放的物质为:cis-π-罗勒烯、月桂烯、柠檬烯、异松油烯,减量表达的物质为2-乙基-1-乙醇和十一烷。在10~(-2)、10~(-4)、10~(-6)和10~(-8)g/m L浓度下,正己醛、正壬醛、乙酸辛酯和正庚醛对巴氏新小绥螨有强烈的引诱作用(P>0.05);月桂烯在10~(-2)、10~(-4)和10~(-6)g/m L浓度下对巴氏新小绥螨有强烈的引诱作用(P>0.05);正壬醇和正辛醇随着浓度增加,对巴氏新小绥螨的引诱作用降低;苯甲醛对巴氏新小绥螨的引诱作用较弱。【结论】巴氏新小绥螨对柑桔全爪螨及刺吸式口器昆虫为害柑桔叶片释放出的挥发物各组分具有不同的行为反应,柑桔及其刺吸式害虫生境中的嗅觉线索在巴氏新小绥螨的寄主定位和生境选择中起着重要作用。  相似文献   

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