豆渣对平菇和灵芝发酵产生木质素酶系的影响

研究了不同浓度的豆渣(1%~5%)对平菇和灵芝固态发酵油菜秸秆产生木质素降解酶系的影响。结果表明:与对照(无豆渣)相比,浓度为3%、4%的豆渣显著提高平菇产生的锰过氧化物酶(MnP)和木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)活性;漆酶(Lac)的活性也在豆渣浓度为2%~4%时得到显著提高。灵芝发酵基质中,3%的豆渣显著提高了MnP和LiP的活性;浓度为3%~5%的豆渣也可显著提高灵芝发酵基质中Lac的活性,其中豆渣浓度为3%时,平菇与灵芝单菌发酵中Lac的活性都达到峰值,分别为对照的2.3倍、1.67倍。     

利用豆渣生产粉末蛋白食品的研究

本文介绍了利用微生物酶发酵豆渣生产粉末蛋白食品,把鲜豆腐渣与水、脂肪酶、蛋白酶混合在一起并搅拌发酵处理1.5h后,干燥粉碎而制成蛋白质食品。为充分利用豆渣生产人类所需食品提供了切实可行的科学方法。     

豆渣活性成分的提取、改性及应用研究进展

豆渣是以纤维等天然高分子为主的食品加工行业废弃物,是一种具有广阔应用前景和潜力的原材料。本文综述了豆渣的活性成分和药用价值与保健功能,以及豆渣中可溶性膳食纤维的结构、提取方法、改性及应用。豆渣作为可降解生物材料的研究与利用倍受关注,将为废弃天然高分子的再利用提供新途径。     

专利之窗

930008饲料复合酶-蛋白生产方法本发明的生产方法是将各种原料通过锤式粉碎机加以粉碎,并按比例混合,加水混匀,经灭菌、冷却接入固体微生物混合培养物进行发酵,并通过低温干燥,粉碎后得成品。其具有动物所需的活性复合酶和生长因     

豆渣水溶性多糖的精制及抗氧化活性研究

豆渣水溶性粗多糖经过脱脂、酶解工艺进行精制后,多糖纯度由74.60%提高到了87.45%;通过豆渣水溶性多糖对O-2·抑制作用、·OH清除能力以及还原力的测定,表明具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

基于极端顶点混料设计优化黄粉虫秸秆饲料配方

【目的】每年产生的秸秆大部分没有被有效利用,造成大量的资源浪费。虽有部分秸秆发酵后制成畜禽动物饲料,但研究秸秆饲料用于饲养昆虫的少见。本研究旨在拓展秸秆的资源化利用途径,利用发酵秸秆饲养黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor,进而降低黄粉虫饲养中的饲料成本。【方法】以饲养黄粉虫的常规饲料、发酵的玉米秸秆、发酵的红薯秸秆为原料,用极端顶点混料设计法,研究三者不同混合比例对黄粉虫幼虫生长指标(生物量增率、死亡率、体长、饲料利用率和转化率)以及生理指标[含水量、灰分含量、粗脂肪含量、粗蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、总糖含量、磷含量、中微量元素含量和重金属含量]的影响,筛选出黄粉虫的最佳混料配方。【结果】结果表明,在常规饲料中添加一定量发酵的玉米秸秆和红薯秸秆更有利于黄粉虫幼虫的生长。生物量增率较大的实验组,其饲料利用率和转化率较高。混料配方中红薯秸秆所占比例越大,黄粉虫幼虫的死亡率趋势越大。而不同的混料配方对黄粉虫幼虫的体长和各生理指标无明显影响。最佳的混料配方为:常规饲料∶发酵玉米秸秆∶发酵红薯秸秆=37.24∶20.72∶42.04。此配方饲料成本低,相比于常规饲料配方成本降低了56.94%。此配方下饲养的黄粉虫幼虫,其生物量增率可达32.52%,高于常规饲料饲喂的对照组(25.17%),且黄粉虫幼虫的死亡率低、饲料利用率高。【结论】秸秆饲料经过科学配方既降低了黄粉虫的饲养成本,又提高了秸秆的利用率,具有较好的推广前景。     

柑橘果实加工废料资源化新技术研究

本文报道柑橘果实加工废料经直接压榨,并利用微生物发酵制取乙醇、橙皮甙及饲料等新技术。乙醇、橙皮甙产品经检验达A.R.级;饲料中脂肪、蛋白质含量分别比发酵前提高了175.7%和51.1%。制备全过程不产生污染,便于产业化。     

益生菌用途及其工艺化研究进展

益生菌是通过定殖在动物体内,对宿主健康有益的一类"活性微生物",是宿主代谢的重要参与者。高密度发酵已经成为提高益生菌活菌数的重要手段之一,其中发酵工艺在高密度发酵过程中起着关键性的作用。在饲料添加剂市场上,益生菌制剂亟需一种生产成本低且制粉简便的生产方法。对益生菌的种类、功能、高密度发酵条件探索以及制剂化等方面的已有研究成果进行了总结,并对该领域未来的研究进行了展望,旨在为益生菌生产提供有价值的参考。     

简青霉产生的新杀虫化合物——豆渣碱

<正> 在微生物来源的杀虫化合物研究中,日本大阪府立大学农学院农化系林英雄(H.Hay-ashi)等的实验室,最近成功地从土壤样品中分离到一个产生杀虫物质的真菌菌株——AK-40株。经鉴定该菌为简青霉Penicilliumsimplicissimum(Oudem.)Thom.。当用豆渣碱培养时,该菌株产生两种有杀虫活性的吲哚生物碱。它们都是新发现的化合物,并根据使用的培养基把它们分别命名为豆渣碱A(oka-     

简述酸奶防治肠道疾病的特殊功能

酸奶是鲜牛奶经乳酸菌发酵精制而成的发酵型牛奶,是一种含有大量活性乳酸菌的开胃佳品饮料。当人们饮用时,活性乳酸菌直接进入人体消化道,履行它的“人体肠道健康卫士”职责,因而不仅使酸牛奶营养价值远超过鲜牛奶,而且长期     

饲料原料中转基因成分的PCR检测

采用PCR检测方法从饲料的主要原料豆粕、玉米蛋白粉中成功地检出启动子35S (35S-promoter,originated from cauliflower mosaic virus)、终止子NOS (nopaline synthase-terminator,derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens)、耐除草剂基因EPSPS(5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase)和抗虫基因CryIA（b）(delta-endotoxin,evolved from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki)等转基因成分,并通过扩增玉米自身蛋白基因Zein( a protein extracted from corn gluten)及大豆自身基因Lectin(chitin-binding protein)的引物和阴阳性对照、阴阳性质控,避免假阳性、假阴性结果。该方法已在口岸进口饲料原料转基因检测中得到初步应用。 Abstract:Based on the heterogenous genes usually used in transgenic crops,the PCR technique was performed with primers derived from CaMV 35S promoter(35S-promoter,originated from cauliflower mosaic virus),NOS terminator(nopaline synthase-terminator,derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens),EPSPS(5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene,and CryIA(b)(delta-endotoxin,evolved from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki)gene to detect transgenic agents from feed raw materials of soybean dregs and corn gluten meal,respectively.Endogenous corn Zein(a protein extracted from corn gluten) gene,soybean Lectin(chitin-binding protein) gene and negative,positive control were applied for avoiding false results.The method established here has been succeessfully applied in detecting transgenic elements in imported feed raw material.     

Effect of the application of selenium on selenium content of soybean and its products

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of the application of selenium on the selenium content of soybean and its products in two counties with selenium-deficient soil. Selenium-enriched soybean was produced by the application of sodium selenite and Se-enriched fertilizer. The selenium contents of soybeans, soybean protein and okra were determined by hydride-generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results showed that the selenium contents of soybean, soybean protein, and okra were significantly increased by the application of sodium selenite and selenium-enriched fertilizer. Foliar application of selenium provided a higher efficiency for increasing the selenium content of soybean than soil application. Significant differences were found in that soybean cultivars exhibited different accumulation of selenium. There was no remarkable difference in soybean yield, soybean protein, and lipid between selenium and control. The selenium-enriched protein derived from selenium-enriched soybean could be used as a functional ingredient and soybean okra as a selenium-enriched feed for animals for increasing selenium intake.     

进境小麦下脚料养殖黑水虻幼虫的饲料配比研究

黑水虻Hermetia illucens是一种备受关注的资源昆虫,主要用于处理粪便和餐厨余垃圾,虫体也可作为蛋白源进入下游的牲畜饲料。本研究以黑水虻幼虫为试验对象,设置5个不同配比的黑水虻饲料配方,探究进境小麦下脚料用于黑水虻饲养的可行性。研究发现,黑水虻幼虫抗逆性极好,不同饲料配方饲养的黑水虻幼虫存活率均超过95%。幼虫干虫的营养成分分析表明,进境小麦下脚料所养殖的幼虫蛋白成分可达45%,油脂含量可达30%,比常规蛋白饲料豆粕的44.2%蛋白含量稍高。综合黑水虻幼虫鲜重、干重、干重率以及饲料降解量的养殖结果,小麦下脚料含量为60%的饲料配方具有最佳的转化产出。     

氧化油脂对斑点叉尾鮰生长、体色和抗氧化能力的影响

为考察正常及氧化鱼油、豆油、混合油脂(鱼油﹕豆油=1﹕1)对斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)生长性能、体色和肝脏抗氧化能力的影响, 设计6组等氮等脂饲料, 分别添加6%鱼油、6%豆油、3%鱼油+3%豆油、6%氧化鱼油、6%氧化豆油、3%氧化鱼油+3%氧化豆油, 饲喂6组初始体重(150.5±4.2 g)的斑点叉尾鮰8周, 每组3个重复, 每个重复14尾鱼。结果表明, 摄食6%鱼油、6%豆油、3%鱼油+3%豆油饲料的斑点叉尾鮰在增重率、饲料系数、肌肉组成、体色和肝脏抗氧化指标上均无显著差异(P>0.05); 摄食3组氧化油脂饲料后, 鱼体增重率和肌肉粗脂肪含量降低(P<0.05), 饲料系数和背部、尾部皮肤b*(黄度值)增加(P<0.05), 肝脏丙二醛(MDA)和血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)和直接胆红素升高(DBIL)(P<0.05), 肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、还原型谷胱甘肽降低(GSH)(P<0.05), 而肌肉色度值(L*、a* 、b*)和肌肉水分、粗蛋白质、灰分含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。以上结果表明, 6%氧化油脂(鱼油、豆油或混合油脂)导致斑点叉尾鮰生长性能下降、皮肤黄度增加、肝脏抗氧化能力受损; 豆油可替代斑点叉尾鮰饲料中鱼油的使用, 而不会对生长产生负面影响。     

Effects of dietary soybean meal on growth,nutritive efficiency and body composition of cultured tench (Tinca tinca)

The suitability of defatted soybean meal as a substitute for fishmeal was assessed in juvenile (25 g, average) tench, Tinca tinca, by feeding them diets containing 25 (S25), 37.5 (S37.5) and 50% (S50) soybean meal for 150 days. Soybean meal inclusion increased the relationship between essential and non‐essential amino acids. Fish were hand‐fed to apparent satiation; the feed intake ratio was not dependent upon the dietary soybean level. Survival was over 95% and unaffected by treatment. Growth was reduced at higher soybean meal levels. After 150 days, average weight for the fish fed soybean diets S25, S37.5 and S50 was 65.6, 59.2 and 51 g, respectively. Growth performance was evaluated on the basis of specific growth rate (SGR), final biomass, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed intake (FI). Maximum SGR (0.61–0.64) and final biomass (3022–3156 g) were recorded in tench fed diets containing 25 and 37.5% soybean meal. Nutritional parameters such as feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by the soybean meal. Body composition was similar for tench fed the three different diets.     

Development of a Procedure to Determine Standardized Mineral Availabilities in Soybean Meal for Broiler Chicks

The objective of this study was to develop a procedure for estimating the standardized mineral (calcium, Ca; phosphorus, P; copper, Cu; manganese, Mn; zinc, Zn) availabilities (SMA) in soybean meal for broilers. In experiment 1, twelve 24-day-old male chicks were used to determine the length of the pre-experimental fasting period needed to empty the total tract of feed residues. Feed was removed and excreta samples were collected for 12, 24, 36 or 48 h after feed withdrawal, respectively. The result indicated that birds were fasted for at least 24 h after feed withdrawal in order to ensure that no previous feed residues remained in the digestive tract of chicks. In a subsequent experiment, forty-eight 24-day-old male chicks were used to determine SMA in soybean meal. Chicks were fasted for 24 h and then fed mineral-free or soybean meal diet for 4 h, and excreta samples were collected until 24 or 48 h after feed withdrawal. The results showed that the extended excreta collection time of 48 h after feed withdrawal was adequate for estimating SMA. The standardized availability values of Ca, P, Cu, Mn or Zn in soybean meal were 51.14%, 50.22%, 36.28%, 30.79% or 49.66%, respectively. In experiment 3, a similar bioassay was conducted with forty-eight 36-day-old male chicks to measure SMA in the same soybean meal. The standardized availability values of P (51.59%), Cu (36.37%), Mn (31.94%) or Zn (43.37%) were similar (P > 0.12) to the results of experiment 2 except for Ca (41.49%), indicating that the age of birds had no effect on the standardized availabilities of P, Cu, Mn or Zn in soybean meal. The results from this study suggested that this simple and rapid procedure could be used to determine SMA in feedstuffs (e.g., soybean meal) for broiler chicks.     

大豆蛋白对急性放射性肠炎大鼠血清氨基酸的影响

为确定大豆蛋白对急性放射性肠炎大鼠血清氨基酸的影响 ,用SD大鼠复制急性放射性肠炎动物模型 ,给予含大豆蛋白饲料 ,测量血清氨基酸含量。结果显示 :使用大豆蛋白后细菌移位率显著降低 ,血LPS含量和肠通透性均未见升高 ,回肠绒毛高度、肠全层厚度和粘膜厚度均高于实验对照组 ,血清谷氨酰胺和支链氨基酸的含量均显著高于对照组。说明大豆蛋白使大鼠血清谷氨酰胺和支链氨基酸的含量明显升高 ,可以提高急性放性射肠炎时的肠屏障功能。     

Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity of soybean seed extracts

The antioxidant activity and contents of various polyphenol classes in the seeds of 20 soybean hybrids were evaluated. Total polyphenols, tannins and proanthocyanidins were determined after extraction of plant material with 70% aqueous acetone. In addition, flavonoid content was determined. Antioxidant activity of seed extracts was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay. A positive linear correlation between antioxidant activity and contents of total phenols, tannins and proanthocyanidins was established. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the extracts of hybrids which have higher levels of all polyphenol classes examined. The most of the single-cross hybrids were poor in tannins which recommend them as good source for ensiled livestock feed. Results suggested that polyphenol content should be considered as an important feature of the soybean seed.     

Environmental Systems Analysis of Pig Production - The Impact of Feed Choice (12 pp)

Goal, Scope and Method The purpose of this environmental system analysis was to investigate the impact of feed choice in three pig production scenarios using substance flow models complemented by life cycle assessment methodology. The function of the system studied was to grow piglets of 29 kg to finished pigs of 115 kg. Three alternative scenarios of protein supply were designed, one based on imported soybean meal (scenario SOY); one based on locally grown peas and rapeseed cake (scenario PEA) and one based on Swedish peas and rapeseed meal complemented by synthetic amino acids (scenario SAA). The environmental impact of both feed production as such and the subsequent environmental impact of the feed in the pig production sub-system were analysed. The analysed feed ingredients were barley, wheat, peas, rapeseed meal, rapeseed cake, soybean meal and synthetic amino acids. The crude protein level of the feed affected the nitrogen content in the manure, which in turn affected nitrogen emissions throughout the system and the fertilising value of the manure, ultimately affecting the need for mineral fertiliser application for feed production. Results and Discussion The results showed that feed production contributed more than animal husbandry to the environmental burden of the system for the impact categories energy use, global warming potential and eutrophication, whereas the opposite situation was the case for acidification. The environmental impacts of scenarios SOY, PEA and SAA were 6.8, 5.3 and 6.3 MJ/kg pig growth; 1.5, 1.3 and 1.4 kg CO2-eq/kg pig growth; 0.55, 0.55 and 0.45 kg O2-eq/kg pig growth; and 24, 25 and 20 g SO2-eq/kg pig growth, respectively. The results suggested that scenario SAA was environmentally preferable, and that the reason for this was a low crude protein level of the feed and exclusion of soybean meal from the feed. Conclusions Feed choice had an impact on the environmental performance of pig meat production, not only via the features of the feed as fed to the pigs, such as the crude protein content, but also via the raw materials used, since the environmental impact from the production of these differs and since feed production had a large impact on the system as a whole.