中国多孔菌目平伏类型的初步研究

多孔菌目(Aphyllophorales)中诸如粉孢革菌科(Coniophoraceae),伏革菌科(Corticiaceae),刺革菌科(Hymenochaetaceae),齿菌科(Hydnaceae)和多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)都有平伏类型(resupinate form)。在国内,此目中的平伏类型被专门系统地研究过的除卧孔属(Poria)外尚不多。戴芳澜(1934)对伏苓(Poria cocos(Fr.)Wolf.)作了研究;凌立(1933)报道卧孔菌11种;赵继鼎(1964)报告37种卧     

中国多孔菌目平伏类型的初步研究

多孔菌目（AphylloPhorales）中诸如粉孢革菌科（Coniophoraceae）,伏革菌科 ,刺单菌科（Hymenochaetaceae）,齿菌科（Hydnaceae) 和多孔菌科 resupinate form）。在国内,此目中的平伙类型被专门系统地研究过的除卧孔属（Poria）外尚不多。戴芳澜（1934）对伏苓（Poria cocos （Fr.）Wolf.）作了研究;凌立（1933）报道卧孔菌11种;赵继鼎）（1964）报告37种卧孔菌;邓叔群在《中国的真菌》（1964）中记叙了多孔菌目平伏类型57种,隶属于17属。戴芳澜《中国真菌总汇》（1979）记载了原来散载于真菌志略或真菌名录中的平伙多孔菌类约18属110种。     

我国新分布的非褶菌目的两个种

多孔菌科的毛发菌属(Trichaptum Murr.)全世界有9种,其特征是:一年生,平伏反卷有菌盖;子实层孔状;二型至三型菌丝系统,生殖菌丝有锁状联合;具被结晶囊状体;孢子光滑,无色,非淀粉质或非类糊精质。生于针叶树或阔叶树上,引致白腐。至于珊瑚菌科的羽囊菌属(Pterulicium Corner)目前仅有1种,特征是担子果分枝,韧,基部具可育的伏革菌的垫,子实层生于分枝的两侧;囊状体缺;双型菌丝系统;孢子光滑,无色。生于植物残体上。     

海南多孔菌研究(1)(英文)

20 0 2年对海南省尖峰岭和吊罗山自然保护区的木材腐朽菌进行了考察 ,共采集标本 2 72种 ,发现多孔菌 62种 ,其中硬附毛菌 (Trichaptumdurum)为中国新记录种 ,并根据中国的材料对该种进行了详细描述。包括黄胶孔菌 (Favolaschiavolkensi) ,黑线齿菌 (Grammothelefuligo) ,帕托纤孔菌 (Inonotuspatouillardii) ,亚拉巴马厚孢孔菌 (Pachykytosporaalabamae) ,皮生多年菌 (Perenniporiacorticola) ,灰孔多年菌 (Perenniporiatephropora) ,木垫白薄孔菌 (Physisporinusxylostromatoide) ,核桃隔孔菌 (Protomeruliuscaryae) ,淡黄裂孔菌 (Schizoporaflavipora) ,常见硬皮菌 (Skeletocutisvulgaris) ,红木色孔菌 (Tinctoporellusepimiltinus) ,热带平伏饰孢 (Wrightoporiatropicalis)等 1 2种为海南省新记录种。     

中国北京地区的多孔菌

本文报道产于中国北方北京地区的非褶菌目孔状真菌72种,并列出了每种的寄主。其中大部分种类为该地区首次报道。王氏薄孔菌为一新种,它的主要特征为子实体平伏反转,孔口表面奶油色至浅黄色,担孢子圆柱型并略弯曲,生长在李属树木上。该新种与垫状薄孔菌相似,但后者孢子较宽且是完全平伏的种类。     

内蒙古根河市多孔菌调查(英文)

通过对内蒙古自治区根河市多孔菌调查采样,鉴定出隶属于46个属的81种多孔菌,其中大部分种类为该地区首次报道。文中列出其名录和寄主等采集信息。高山绚孔菌(Laetiporus montanus)为中国多孔菌一新记录种,文中根据所采集的材料对其进行了详细描述和显微结构绘图。     

中国全缘孔菌属及新种

本文报道产于中国东北长白山的多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)全缘孔菌属(Haploporus)一新种,即苦味全缘孔菌(H.amarus zeng et Bai)。作者在文中还对全缘孔菌属及其模式种的建立,命名和属的概念进行了讨论。模式标本存于东北师范大学生物系植物标本室(HBNNu)。     

采自东南亚的变色卧孔菌一新种（英文）

报道了采自新加坡的多孔菌一新种,硫色变色卧孔菌,并对该种进行了描述和显微绘图。该种的主要特征是子实体一年生,平伏,新鲜时软,硫磺色,干后浅橄榄色至蜜黄色,单系菌丝系统,生殖菌丝具简单分隔,存在菌丝状囊状体和锥形拟囊状体,担孢子近球形至球形,具一大液泡。基于ITS和LSU序列的系统发育分析表明该新种属于变色卧孔菌属分支的一个明确的支系。     

产于海南的中国大陆多孔菌目一新记录属——伪壶担菌属(Pseudolagarobasidium)(英文)

文中报道了采自海南省乐东县尖峰岭自然保护区阔叶树倒枝上的中国大陆多孔菌目一新记录属——伪壶担菌属(Pseudolagarobasidium)。该属隶属于担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes)、多孔菌目(Polyporales)、原毛平革菌科(Phanerochaetaceae)。其中的白色伪壶担菌(Pseudolagarobasidium calcareum)是中国大陆新记录种。根据采集到的标本对该种进行了详细描述和显微结构绘图。     

产于云南的中国多孔菌一新记录属——假棱孔菌属(Pseudofavolus)(英文)

报道了采自云南省西双版纳热带雨林中多孔菌目真菌一个中国新记录属---假棱孔菌属(Pseudofavolus)。同时帽形假棱孔菌(Pseudofavolus cucullatus)也是中国的新记录种,对该种进行了详细描述和显微结构绘图。     

Two new polypores from tropical China, and renaming two species of Polyporus and Phellinus

Two new polypores, Inonotus canaricola sp. nov. and Skeletocutis substellae sp. nov., are described. Both of them were found in Hainan, tropical China. I. canaricola is distinct from other species in the genus by bearing a black cuticle at the upper surface, presence of hyphoid setae in the trama and hooked hymenial setae, and having yellowish brown and subglobose to globose basidiospores. S. substellae is very similar to S. stellae but differs from the latter by swollen skeletal hyphae in potassium hytrochloride (KOH) and smaller basidiospores. In addition, Polyporus rhododendri is renamed as P. taibaiensis, because the previous name was illegitimate. A new combination, Phellinus yunnanensis, is proposed.     

Three new species of Inonotus (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetaceae) from China

Three new species of Inonotus are described and illustrated. Inonotus acutus sp. nov. is characterized by having small, thin basidiocarps with a strongly contracted base, a sharp and undulate pileus margin, ventricose hymenial setae, and ellipsoid, yellowish to yellow-brown, slightly thick-walled basidiospores. Inonotus chrysomarginatus sp. nov. differs in having an annual to perennial growth habit, pileate basidiocarps with a distinctly yellowish buff to golden-yellow margin, distinct setal hyphae and hooked hymenial setae, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, pale yellowish, slightly thick-walled and weakly cyanophilous basidiospores. Inonotus rigidus sp. nov. is distinguished by its resupinate and hard rigid basidiocarps, the honey-yellow pore surface, and smaller pores; microscopically, it has ellipsoid, yellowish brown and thick-walled basidiospores, and lacks both setal hyphae and hymenial setae. An identification key to the Chinese species of Inonotus sensu stricto is provided.     

北京猛禽寄生合饰带属旋尾线虫的报道及一新种记述(线虫纲,针形总科,针形科)

记述了寄生于北京猛禽体内的2种合饰带属线虫,其中一种为新种,一种为中国新纪录种.标本保存于北京师范大学生命科学学院.红角鸮合饰带线虫Synhimantus(Dispharynx)oti sp.nov.(图1～7)新种与Synhimantus(Dispharynx)capitata(Molin,1860)和S.(D.)buccalis(Gogoi and Sarmah,1988)较相似,但新种在第5对肛后乳突内侧有1对无柄乳突,左交合刺末端分叉,饰带长而与S.(D.)capitata有明显区别.新种与S.(D.)buccalis的主要区别为肛后乳突5对,左交合刺短,颈乳突三叉状位于饰带之后,阴门位于体中之前.正模♂,副模♀,采自红角鸮Otus scops(Linnaeus,1758)的食道.词源:新种的种名来自宿主名.纵纹腹小鸮合饰带线虫乌兹别克斯坦亚种Synhimantus(Dispharynx)noctuae uzbehistanica(Sultanov,1950)中国新纪录(图8～10)从纵纹腹小鸮Athene noctua(Scopoli,1769)的食道和口腔中采到3条雄虫.作者所采标本与Sultanov(1950)的原始描述基本相同,但前者饰带稍有波浪状的弯曲而原始描述为直的.     

New species causing decay on living Polylepis australis in Cordoba, central Argentina

Two new species of poroid Hymenochaetaceae (Aphyllophorales, Basidiomycota) are described and illustrated. They were causing decay on living and standing dead Polylepis australis ("tabaquillo" or "que?oa") in the Córdoba Mountains in central Argentina. Inonotus serranus is characterized by a biannual basidiocarp, with a dark line separating tomentum from context; ellipsoid to ovoid, thick walled, colored spores; and the absence of setae. Phellinus uncisetus is characterized by uncinate setae with ventricose uniradicate base and well-differentiated apical portion; a basidiocarp attached by a narrow area to the substrate; ventricose, hyaline cistidioles; and by subglobose, hyaline spores, with very thick walls. The identity of Phellinus setulosus is discussed.     

A new species of Inonotus (Hymenochaetaceae) from Scandinavia

The new species Inonotus ulmicola belongs to the Inonotus obliquus complex. It is separated by the presence of solitary tramal setae, and by growing on Ulmus , and is reported from Denmark and Sweden. A survey is presented of the species of Inonotus growing in trunk cavities and beneath the bark, and a classification of the setae is proposed.     

中国东洋区三突多足摇蚊亚属两新种(双翅目,摇蚊科)

记述了我国东洋区三突多足摇蚊亚属（Tripodura Townes）2新种。双刺多足摇蚊Polypedilum（Tripodura）bispinumsp.nov.（图1～5）本种与裸突多足摇蚊P.（T.）nudiprostatum Zhang＆Wang相似,区别在于此新种r4＋5翅室具有2个翅斑,m1＋2和m3＋4翅室端部具云状斑,肛尖矛尖状,肛尖侧突覆有微毛,上附器内侧中部具2个刺状刚毛。正模♂,海南黎水县吊罗镇,1989-05-20,灯诱,王新华采。抹刀多足摇蚊,新种Polypedilum（Tripodura）spathum sp.nov.（图6～10）本种可借如下特征区别于本亚属已知种：上附器呈抹刀形;前足比高（2.63-2.89,2.75）;第9背板中部刚毛少,2～3根;下附器长、刚毛少,具2～3根刚毛。正模♂,云南勐腊县勐伦镇,1987-04-12,灯诱,邹环光采。本研究所用标本存放在南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊研究室。     

中国颚毛(虫兆)属二新种(弹尾目,疣(虫兆)科)

记述了采白海南和浙江省的弹尾目疣[虫兆]科颚毛[虫兆]属Crossodonthina Yosii,2新种,海南颚毛yao C．hainana sp．nov．和天童颚毛yao C．tiantongshana sp．nov．。海南颚毛[虫兆]头部每侧有眼2个,弹器痕上有6根刚毛,非常容易与本属其它已知种类分开。天童颚毛[虫兆]与上海产的Crossodonthina tridentiens Yue＆Yin,1999相似,两者的主要区别是：新种的上颚有两条长的、羽毛状分支和具5齿的片状突起,且基部齿长而细;下颚的内颚叶端部及近基部各有1齿;新种腹部第5节有3＋3个疣状突起,而C．tridentiens有2＋2个疣状突起;新种的爪部内侧有2个小齿,1个大齿,C．tridentiens只有1大齿。模式标本保存于上海生命科学研究院,植物生理生态所昆虫标本馆。     

贵州灵芝科Ⅲ.

本文继续报道贵州灵芝科(Ganodermataceae)3种,其中灵芝属(Ganoderma Karst.)2种,即新种镇宁灵芝(Ganoderma zhenningense He)和热带灵芝(Ganoderma tropicum(Jungh.)Bres.);网孢芝属(Humphreya Steyaert)1种,即咖啡网孢芝[Humphreya coffeatum(Berk.)Steyaert]。以上引证标本全部保藏在贵州科学院生物研究所真菌标本室。     

Recognizing ecological patterns of wood-decaying polypores on gymnosperm and angiosperm trees in northeast China

Wood-decaying polypores are macrofungi with the capacity to decompose lignocellulose, and hence play essential roles in forest ecosystems. Host (tree species) range and preference are among the most important factors influencing polypore communities. Here, we studied polypore ecological patterns between gymnosperm and angiosperm trees based on data collected from more than 10 yr field investigations in Fenglin and Changbaishan Nature Reserve, northeast China (boreal and temperate zone). Although species richness was similar between the polypores associated with the two tree groups, gymnosperm trees showed: (1) a higher similarity in polypores species; (2) a lower polypore species richness on fallen trunks; (3) a lower polypore species richness in unprotected forests; (4) fewer common polypores but more occasional species; (5) a lower proportion of white rot but a higher proportion of brown rot polypores. In general, our findings supported previous views that different preferences between gymnosperm and angiosperm trees in polypores are probably caused by different structure and content of lignins between the two tree groups.