虱矮螨属二新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:矮螨科)

记述我国虱矮螨属Ｐｅｄｉｃｕｌａｓｔｅｒ Ｖｉｔｚｔｈｕｍ二新种：亚潜虱矮螨Ｐ．ｓｕｂａｒｃａｎｕｓ Ｇａｏ ｅｔ Ｚｏｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和闽菇虱矮螨Ｐ．ｍｉｎａｇａｒｉｃｉ Ｇａｏ ｅｔ Ｚｏｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,均采自蘑菇床（培养料）,模式标本保存于上海农学院。     

木糖醇的利用及制备

木糖醇是一种自然界发现的戊糖醇,存在于许多水果,蔬菜以及蘑菇中(Washuttle,etc,1973;Makinen,ete,1980)。但含量均很低。其中以蘑菇(Psalliota campestris)中含量较高,约为100毫克/千克干重(C.A58:12858)。木糖醇也是一种常见的代谢中间体,存在于哺乳类的碳水化合物代谢过程(Hollman,etc,1957)。     

马蹄参属种子油脂肪酸的特征及其分类学意义

用气相色谱质谱方法分析了马蹄参（ＤｉｐｌｏｐａｎａｘｓｔａｃｈｙａｎｔｈｕｓＨａｎｄ．Ｍａｚｚ．）和近缘属植物挤果树参（ＤｅｎｄｒｏｐａｎａｘｃｏｎｆｅｒｔｕｓＬｉ）、桃叶珊瑚（ＡｕｃｕｂａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａＴｈｕｎｂ．）、毛（ＣｏｒｎｕｓｗａｌｔｅｒｉＷａｎｇｅｒ．）、八角金盘〔Ｆａｔｓｉａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｄｅｎｃｅ．ｅｔＰｌａｎｃｈ．〕的种子油脂肪酸成分。结果表明在所测定的马蹄参种子油样本中含量最高的成分是亚油酸Ｃ１８∶２（９Ｃ,１２Ｃ）,同时含有岩芹酸Ｃ１８∶１（６Ｃ）这一异常脂肪酸。种子油脂肪酸分布特征支持将马蹄参属移出五加科,改隶于广义的山茱萸科。     

红豆杉资源与紫杉醇生产概况

红豆杉属（ＴａｘｕｓＬ．）植物全世界共１１种,分布于北半球的温带至亚热带地区。我国有４种１变种,即：东北红豆杉（Ｔ．ｃｕｓｐｉｄａｔａＳｉｅｂ．ｅｔＺｕｃ．）、云南红豆杉（Ｔ．ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓＣｈｅｎｇｅｔＬ．Ｋ．Ｆｕ）、西藏红豆杉（Ｔ．ｗａｌｉｃｈｉａｎａＺｕｃｃ．）、中国红豆杉〔Ｔ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｐｉｌｇｅｒ）Ｒｅｈｄ．〕和南方红豆杉〔Ｔ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ．ｍａｉｒｅｉ（ＬｅｍｅｅｅｔＬéｖｌ．）ＣｈｅｎｇｅｔＬ．Ｋ．Ｆｕ〕,分布于我国大部分地区,较为集中的产区为东北、西南和华东地区。云南省是我国红豆杉资源的主要分布区域。红豆杉树皮中含有新型抗癌药物紫杉醇,近年来,由于过度砍剥致使我国红豆杉野生资源遭到严重破坏。因此必须制定保护措施,进行人工种植。由于紫杉醇在红豆杉中含量甚微,结构异常复杂,所以研究紫杉醇的新来源成为世界性的热点,主要研究内容包括：非树皮部分的提取,人工大量种植,衍生物的寻找,化学合成和生物技术等。我国在以上研究领域内已取得多项成果,但与世界先进国家相比还有一定的差距,有待深入研究     

一个具两型子囊的齿裂菌属新种

生于蒙古栎（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓ ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａ）和波罗栎（Ｑ．ｄｅｎｔａｔａ）上的齿裂菌属一新种,即异囊齿裂菌（Ｃｏｃｃｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｄｉｍｏｒｐｈｕｓ）。该种因子囊同时以两种状态存在而明显区别于齿裂菌属其它成员,主、副模式标本保藏于安徽农业大学森林保护教研室（ＡＡＵＦＰ）。     

山东宁阳早更新世哺乳动物化石(英文)

１９９９年,作者收到王元青博士转来胡长康老师未研究的一批哺乳动物化石。这些化石由山东省博物馆工作人员采自山东宁阳县伏山的裂隙堆积物中。根据化石围岩判断这批化石可归入同一动物群。该动物群包含１２种：松鼠科１种（Ｓｃｉｕｒｏｔａｍｉａｓ　ｓｐ．）,兔科２种（Ｂｒｅｖｉｌａｇｕｓ ｂｒａｃｈｙｐｕｓ,Ｌｅｐｕｓ ｓｐ．）,食肉目５种（Ｐａｃｈｙｃｒｏｃｕｔａ ｐｅｒｒｉｅｒｉ,Ｎｙｃｔｅｒｅｕｔｅｓ　ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｃａｎｉｓ ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ, Ｈｏｍｏｔｈｅｒｉｕｍ ｓｐ．和Ｍｅｌｅｓ ｓｐ．）,牛科２种（Ｇａｚｅｌｌａ ｓｐ．, Ｏｖｉｂｏｖｉｎａｅ ｇｅｎ ｅｔｓｐ．ｉｎｄｅｔ．）,鹿科２种（Ｃｅｒｖｕｓ　ｓｐ．,Ｃｅｒｖｉｄａｅ　ｇｅｎ　ｅｔ　ｓｐ．ｉｎｄｅｔ．）。其中,Ｐａｃｈｙｃｒｏｃｕｔａ　ｐｅｒｒｉｅｒｉ个体明显小于桑氏鬣狗（Ｐａｃｈｙｃｒｏｃｕｔａ ｌｉｃｅｎｔｉ）,ｐ２后附尖较发育,ｐ４前附尖高,ｍｌ三角座窄。四川巫山原鉴定为桑氏鬣狗的标本中至少有一件下颌骨（重庆自然博物馆,ＣＶ８７７）应当归入此种。Ｍｅｌｅｓ ｓｐ．具有较周口店第１８点发现的Ｍｅｌｅｓ ｃｈｉａｉ及中更新世常见的Ｍｅｌｅｓ　ｍｅｌ?     

木糖代谢基因表达水平对酿酒酵母重组菌株产物形成的影响

以Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ－Ｓ．ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ穿梭质粒ＹＥｐ２４为骨架,将树干毕赤酵母（Ｐｉｃｈｉａ ｓｔｉｐｉｔｉｓ ＣＢＳ６０５４）的木糖还原酶（ＸＲ）基因ＸＹＬ１及木糖醇脱氢酶（ＸＤＨ）基因ＸＹＬ１分别以不同的相对表达方向置于酿酒酵母的乙醇脱氢酶Ｉ（ＡＤＨ１）启动子和磷酸甘油激酶（ＰＧＫ）启动子下,构建不同ＸＹＬ１及ＸＹＬ２的重组质粒。这些重组质粒分别转化酿酒酵母（Ｈ１５８）受体菌。得到的重组菌株     

中国西南志留纪的豆海百合类

描述了豆海百合类２属７种，它们是：Ｐｉｓｏｃｒｉｎｕｓ（Ｐ．）ｐｉｌｕｌａ，Ｐ．（Ｇ．）ｋｏｓｏｖｅｎｓｉｓ，Ｐ．（Ｇ．）ｂｏｈｅｍｉｃｕｓ，Ｐａｍｐｉｓｏｃｒｉｎｕｓｏｌｌｕｌａ，Ｐ．Ｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｕｓ，以及Ｐｉｓｏｃｒｉｎｕｓ（Ｇ．）ｂｒｅｖｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和Ｐａｒａｐｉｓｏｃｒｉｎｕｓｐａｔｅｒｉｆｏｒｍｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．；并首次发现了Ｐ．（Ｇ．）ｂｏｈｅｍｉｃｕｓ萼杯内腔的内部钙质骨胳构造。同时，还就波希米亚豆海百合种内变异和豆海百合类的对称性进行了研究。     

中国线蚓科的研究Ⅰ.半线蚓属的新种及新记录

本文氡线蚓科（Ｅｎｃｈｙｔｒａｅｉｄａｅ）半线蚓属（Ｈｅｍｉｅｎｃｈｙｔｒａｅｕｓ）４种,其中２种为新种,即扁毛半线蚓（Ｈ．ｐｌａｎｉｓｅｔｏｓｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）和短囊半线蚓（Ｈ．ｂｒａｃｈｙｔｈｅｃｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）。另２种是国内新记录,即史氏半线蚓（Ｈ．ｓｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｏｎｉ）和洛氏半线蚓（Ｈ．ｌｏｋｓａｉ）。     

宽阔水自然保护区的虫草及其相关真菌I.

本文报道采用贵州省宽阔水自然保护区的９种虫草,它们是多壳虫草新咱（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｐｏｌｙｃａｒｐｉｃａＬｉａｎｇ＆Ｌｉｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）,鼠尾虫草新种（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｍｕｓｉｃａｕｄａｔａＬｉａｎｇｅｔＬｉｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）针孢虫草（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓａｃｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓＲｅｖ．ｅｘＢｅｒｋ．）罗伯茨虫草（Ｃｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｒｏｂｅｒｔｓｉｉ（Ｈｏｏｋ）,Ｇｒａｙ）下垂虫草（Ｃｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓ     

Ecology of sand flies (Diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in the north of the state of Mato Grosso,Brazil

Peixoto de Azevedo is located in the north of State of Mato Grosso, where environmental alterations led to an outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the 80s. The parasite from patients was characterized as Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. The aim of this study is to contribute to the sand fly ecology of Central-West Brazil. Captures were carried out monthly using CDC light traps. Twenty-six species of sand fly were characterized; among which Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) spathotrichia, L. runoides and L. (Psychodopygus) llanosmartinsi were recorded in the State of Mato Grosso for the first time. L. (Nyssomyia) whitmani, L. (N.) antunesi, L. (L.) spathotrichia, L. (P.) c. carrerai, L. (P.) complexa, L. (P.) lainsoni and L. (N.) umbratilis constituted 92.4% of the local fauna, among which L. (N.) whitmani and L. (N.) antunesi, accounting for about 53% of the fauna at the stations of capture. On the vertical distribution of sand flies on the Beira-Rio Farm, L. (N.) whitmani and L. (N.) antunesi prevailed at ground level and in the canopy, respectively, whereas on the BR-080, L. (P.) llanosmartinsi was prevalent on the ground and L. (P.) c. carrerai, in the canopy. It is suggested that L. (N.) umbratilis is the local vector.     

Two new species of African Haemaphysalis ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), carnivore parasites of the H. (Rhipistoma) leachi group

Two new tick species belonging to the African Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi subgroup, namely H. (R.) colesbergensis n. sp. and H. (R.) oliveri n. sp., are described. Haemaphysalis (R.) colesbergensis adults are easily differentiated from the other species of the H. (R.) leachi subgroup, including H. (R.) oliveri, by the spur on coxa IV, which is considerably longer than that on coxa III. The adults of the 2 new species are equal in size, but the dental formula of the hypostome of H. (R.) colesbergensis is 4/4 compared to 5/5 for H. (R.) oliveri. The dental formula of H. (R.) oliveri also distinguishes it from other ticks in the subgroup, namely H. (R.) leachi, H. (R.) elliptica, H. (R.) moreli, and H. (R.) punctaleachi (4/4 in these species), but not from H. (R.) paraleachi, which has a 5/5 dental arrangement. However, the average total length and width of H. (R.) oliveri males (2.47 x 1.20 mm) are considerably shorter and narrower than those of H. (R.) paraleachi males (3.81 x 1.79 mm). Similar differences in size apply to the females. Nymphs and larvae of H. (R.) colesbergensis and H. (R.) oliveri can be distinguished from those of other members of the H. (R.) leachi subgroup, as well as from each other, by a combination of the following characters: size and measurement ratios, length of posterodorsal and posteroventral spurs on palpal segment II, and number of denticles per file on the hypostome. Haemaphysalis (R.) colesbergensis is known only from South Africa, where it has been collected from domestic cats and dogs and medium-sized wild felids. Haemaphysalis (R.) oliveri is recorded only from Sudan, where it has been collected from small- to medium-sized wild felids and canids and an antelope. The hosts of the immature stages of H. (R.) colesbergensis are unknown, while nymphs of H. (R.) oliveri have been collected from rodents.     

A new classification for the subgenera of the genus Acanthophthirius Perkins,with descriptions of twelve new taxa (Acarina,Trombidiformes, Myobiidae)

The myobiid genus Acanthophthirius Perkins, to date comprising four subgenera, is reviewed and divided into just two subgenera, the nominate subgenus and Myotimyobia Fain. The male genital shield and female opisthogastric sclerites, which are here considered to be part of female genitalia, are adopted as the criteria for dividing the subgenera. These structures are essentially the same in form and position in the subgenus Acanthopthirius in its revised sense, while they are both more heterogeneous in species of the redefined subgenus Myotimyobia. The subgenera Acanthophthirius Fain and Chiromyobia Fain are thought to represent species-groups in the nominate subgenus, named respectively the etheldredae and miniopteri groups. The following one new subspecies and 11 new species are described: A. (A.) womersleyi eptesicus, A. (A.) glauconycteris, A. (A.) mauritaniensis, A. (A.) philetoris, A. (A.) otonycteris, A. (A.) steatocaudatus, A. (A.) nyctophilis, A. (M.) vagus, A. (M.) longus A. (M.) baueris, A. (A.) hesperopteris (female only) and A. (M.) pixonixeos (female only). A. (M.) hanensis is synonymised with A. (M.) namurensis, and A. (M.) capacini is emended to A. (M.) capaccinii and relegated to a subspecies of A. (M.) myotis. All the known and new species are assigned to their respective subgenera and shown in a table. Incongruent host-relationships of some of the mites are clarified, although not completely solved, by the introduction of the new classification for the subgenera.     

深圳福田红树林生态造林方法技术研究

为了增加深圳红树林生物多样性而引种海南岛的银叶树、海芒果、海桑、水椰、海莲、地瓣海桑、正红树等,其技术关键是抗低温使引种成功,为了大面积造林成功,选择当地优势种秋茄,桐花树、白骨壤及木榄进行繁殖试验,其关键问题是不同种类适合于不同水深及淤泥深度,大面积造林成功的技术关键是种植时间、插植方法等。     

A taxonomic revision of Labiostrongylus (Labiostrongylus) (Yorke & Maplestone, 1926) and Labiostrongylus (Labiomultiplex) n. subg. (Nematoda: Cloacinidae) from macropodid and potoroid marsupials

The morphological characters used to differentiate species in the genus Labiostrongylus Yorke & Maplestone, 1926, parasitic in macropodid and potoroid marsupials, are discussed. The genus is divided into three subgenera Labiostrongylus (Labiostrongylus), L. (Labiomultiplex) n. subg. and L. (Labiosimplex) n. subg. on the basis of the presence or absence of interlabia and the morphology of the oesophagus. A key to the subgenera is given and a detailed revision of two of the subgenera is presented. Keys to each of the subgenera are given, the species discussed being: L. (L.) labiostrongylus) (type-species) (syn. L. (L.) insularis, L. (L.) grandis, L. (L.) macropodis sp. inq. and L. (L.) nabarlekensis n. sp., in the subgenus Labiostrongylus, and L. (Lm.) eugenii, L. (Lm.) novaeguineae, L. (Lm.) onychogale, L. (Lm.) uncinatus, L. (Lm.) billardierii n. sp., L. (Lm.) constrictis n. sp., L. (Lm.) kimberleyensis n. sp., L. (Lm.) thylogale n. sp., and L. (Lm.) potoroi, n. sp., in the subgenus Labiomultiplex.     

Chemical and principal-component analyses of the essential oils of Apioideae taxa (Apiaceae) from central Balkan

The volatile constituents of the essential oils of 23 taxa belonging to the Apioideae subfamily were studied in detail. The investigated taxa were Pimpinella serbica (Vis.) Bentham & Hooker, Libanotis montana Cr., Cnidium silaifolium (Jacq.) Simk. ssp. orientale (Boiss.) Tutin, Bupleurum praealtum L., B. sibthorpianum S. S. var. diversifolium (Roch.) Hay, Aegopodium podagraria L., Torilis anthriscus (L.) Gmel., Orlaya grandiflora (L.) Hoffm., Laserpitium siler L., Laser trilobum (L.) Brokh., Chaerophyllum aureum L., C. hirsutum L., C. temulum L., Pastinaca sativa L., P. hirsuta Pancic., Tordylium maximum L., Physospermum cornubiense (L.) DC., Peucedanum alsaticum L., P. oreoselinum (L.) Moench, P. cervaria (L.) Cuss., P. austriacum (Jacq.) Koch, P. longifolium W. et K., and P. officinale L. All of these species grow wild in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula. The essential oils were found to be complex mixtures of various compounds, more than 100 constituents being in each taxon, with contributions of main products never exceeding 25% of the total content. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were found to be the main group of constituents of all taxa, except for Peucedanum species, where monoterpene hydrocarbons were identified as the main components. The chemotaxonomic value of the essential-oil composition is discussed according to results of principal-component analysis (PCA). The essential-oil composition mainly reflects current taxonomic relationships between the investigated taxa.     

滇东南大围山地区远志科一新种

肉茎远志　新种　图 1ＰｏｌｙｇａｌａｃａｒｎｏｓｉｃａｕｌｉｓＷ .Ｈ .Ｃｈｅｎ＆Ｙ .Ｍ .Ｓｈｕｉ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ .Ｆｉｇ .1(Ｓｅｃｔ .ＰｓｅｕｄｏｓｅｎｅｉｏｃａｒｄｉｕｍＡｄｅｍａ)ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓＰ ｌａｃｅｉＣｒａｉｂｅｔＰ ｉｓｏｃａｒｐａｅＣｈｏｄａｔａｆｆｉｎｉｓ ,ｓｅｄｃａｕｌｅｃａｒｎｏｓｏ ,4 - 6ｍｍｄｉａｍ ,ｓｅｍｉｎｕｍｔｅｓｔｉｓｌａｅｖｉｂｕｓ ,ｐｕｎｃｔａｔｉｓｎｏｎｖｅｒｒｕｃａｔｉｓｄｉｆｆｅｒｔ.Ｈｅｒｂａａｎｎｕａ ,10 - 30ｃｍａｌｔａ .Ｒａｄｉｘｌｉｇｎｏｓａ .Ｃａｕ…     

中国梁王茶属植物纪要

在有关模式和产地标本研究的基础上 ,依据Wen&Frodin对该属植物的处理方式 ,对中国梁王茶属MetapanaxFrodinexJ .Wen&Frodin (=NothopanaxMiq .)植物的原有两个变种贡山梁王茶 (Nothopanaxdavidii (Franch .)HarmsexDielsvar.gongshangensisShang)、尾叶梁王茶 (Nothopanaxdelavayi (Franch .)HarmsexDielsvar.longicaudatusFeng)进行了分类学修订。结果将Nothopanaxdavidii (Franch .)HarmsexDielsvar .gongshangensisShang归入异叶梁王茶Metapanaxdavidii (Franch .)FrodinexJ .Wen&Frodin (=Nothopanaxdavidii (Franch .)HarmsexDiels)做为该种的新异名 ;并将尾叶梁王茶Nothopanaxdelavayi (Franch .)HarmsexDielsvar .longicaudatusFeng移入Metapanax属下 ,命名为Metapanaxdelavayi (Franch .)FrodinexJ .Wen&Frodinvar .longicaudatus (Feng)R .Li&H .Li;此外 ,对国内有关专著中梁王茶属植物的学名作了相应的订正。