红松树皮中原花青素提取工艺研究

采用溶剂回流提取的方法,以红松树皮中原花青素的提取率为考察指标,考察了提取溶剂种类、溶剂浓度、提取温度、料液比、提取时间、提取次数等因素对原花青素提取效果的影响.通过正交实验,确定红松树皮中原花青素的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取溶剂60%乙醇,提取温度50℃,料液比1:7,提取时间60 min.     

苹果渣中原花青素的提取分离条件的优化

采用单因素和正交试验优化了溶剂直接提取及微波辅助提取苹果渣中原花青素的提取条件。结果表明:溶剂直接提取苹果渣中原花青素的最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数30%,料液比(g/mL)1∶12,浸提温度90℃,提取时间0.5h;微波辅助提取法提取苹果渣中原花青素的最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数50%,料液比(g/mL)1∶9,微波功率为700W,提取时间3min。与溶剂直接提取法相比,微波辅助提取法能更省时、高效地提取苹果渣中的原花青素。     

弯柄灵芝总三萜加速溶剂提取工艺及其清除DPPH自由基活性研究

采用加速溶剂萃取法(ASE),进行单因素实验和L9(33)正交实验,确定弯柄灵芝总三萜最佳提取工艺,结合DPPH法对弯柄灵芝总三萜清除DPPH自由基活性评价。结果表明,ASE最佳提取工艺条件为60%甲醇(氯仿-甲醇)为提取溶剂,提取温度180℃,提取时间12 min,静态循环提取次数2次,其中提取温度对总三萜提取率具有极显著性影响。在最优条件下,弯柄灵芝总三萜提取率为(2.14±0.18)%。体外DPPH清除实验结果显示,ASE最优提取工艺及传统方法提取所得总三萜对DPPH自由基的IC50值分别为129.5和273.4μg/m L。该工艺与传统加热回流提取方法相比,具有操作简便、缩短提取时间、节能耗、三萜得率高、清除DPPH自由基活性强等优点,可用于弯柄灵芝总三萜的提取生产,为弯柄灵芝产品的开发提供了有益的参考。     

加速溶剂提取法提取娑罗子中的七叶皂苷

为了探讨快速溶剂提取法(ASE)提取娑罗子中七叶皂苷的可行性,并比较该方法与回流提取法和超声提取法的优越性。本文以娑罗子中的四种七叶皂苷的提取率为指标,以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)为检测方法,用单因素考察法对加速溶剂提取法从娑罗子中提取七叶皂苷的工艺条件进行优化。结果通过实验我们优选出加速溶剂提取法从娑罗子中提取七叶皂苷的最佳条件,即提取溶剂为70%甲醇,提取温度为100℃,静态提取时间为7 min,提取次数为1次。由此可以定论加速溶剂提取法可以快速、高效地提取娑罗子中的七叶皂苷类化合物。     

响应面法优化回流提取紫薯花青素工艺

旨在获得紫薯花青素的最佳提取工艺,采用中心组合(Box-Behnken)试验设计及响应面分析相结合的方法,对紫薯花青素的回流提取工艺进行优化。单因素试验结果显示,最佳乙醇体积浓度为75%、提取温度为60℃、提取时间为60 min、液料比为7∶1,在此基础上,利用中心组合(Box-Behnken)试验设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析,获得最优工艺参数为:乙醇体积浓度74%、提取温度66℃、提取时间56 min、液料比8∶1。在优化后的条件下进行验证试验,得到紫薯花青素的提取率为4.64mg/g,与理论值(4.68 mg/g)相比,相对误差较小,为0.85%。研究表明,采用响应面法分析优化紫薯花青素的水浴回流提取工艺参数准确可靠,可应用于紫薯花青素的提取生产。     

青蒿母液中二氢青蒿酸的提取工艺优化

对从青蒿母液中提取二氢青蒿酸(DHAA)的工艺进行了优化。以从母液中得到的浸膏总量(提取率)和其中二氢青蒿酸的含量为考察指标,先通过单因素实验对萃取溶剂的种类和浓度、萃取温度,碱液的种类和浓度等因素进行预试,再采用L9(34)正交实验进行系统地考察,以获取最优提取工艺。结果表明:从青蒿母液中提取二氢青蒿酸时,采用乙醇为溶剂时得到的浸膏总量明显高于采用丙酮为溶剂时的浸膏总量;其最佳工艺条件为:萃取溶剂为80%(V/V)的乙醇,萃取温度50℃,采用为1%(w/w)氢氧化钠溶液作为水萃液。在此工艺条件下,母液中二氢青蒿酸的提取率可以达到70%以上,所得样品纯度经HPLC检测可以达到98%。     

红果参叶中总黄酮的提取工艺初步探讨

目的:研究红果参叶中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件。方法:利用单因素和正交试验,考察提取时间、乙醇溶液体积分数、液固比3个因素对总黄酮得率的影响。结果:红果参叶中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为:85%(体积分数)的乙醇作为提取溶剂、提取时间10 min、料液比1∶30(g/mL)。在此条件下,总黄酮提取率可达4.76%。结论:乙醇超声法可用于红果参叶中总黄酮的提取,其中料液比对提取率的影响最大。     

高山红景天中有效成分的微波辅助提取

采用微波辅助提取的方法从高山红景天中提取功能性成分红景天苷,研究固液比、微波辐照时间、预浸时间和乙醇浓度四因素对红景天苷提取率的影响.根据回归方程,采用降维方法讨论乙醇浓度对红景天苷提取率的单因子效应,并讨论了乙醇浓度和预浸时间之间的交互作用.结果表明微波功率为130 W,20%(v/v)乙醇作提取溶剂,固液比为1∶29(g/mL),微波辐照时间60 s时,红景天苷的一次提取率达到80%.与传统的乙醇回流法相比,微波1 min提取两次和采用传统乙醇加热回流120 min提取四次的结果相差不大,但传统回流的乙醇消耗量为微波提取的2倍,热耗大.     

银杏外种皮生物活性物质联合提取工艺研究

分别以石油醚、80%乙醇、水为溶剂,依次对银杏外种皮中的银杏酸、黄酮以及多糖进行了联合提取研究。结果表明:常温条件下银杏外种皮经高速剪切破壁,石油醚提取银杏酸40 min,2次累计提取率可达98.5%,银杏酸含量可达54.6%,经硅胶柱纯化后纯度可达到97.5%;残渣用80%乙醇提取黄酮60 min,固液比1∶15,1次提取率可达94.6%,其中总黄酮含量为7.5%,经水沉、大孔树脂纯化,黄酮苷含量为24.4%;最后以水为溶剂,90℃下回流提取剩余残渣120 min,固液比为1∶10,多糖2次累计提取率可达72.7%,含量为24.3%,除去蛋白纯化后纯度可达64%。     

真空低温工艺技术在黑胡萝卜花青素提取中的应用

通过单因素和正交试验优化了真空低温工艺技术提取黑胡萝卜花青素的工艺参数,比较了真空低温提取法和常压提取法对花青素提取的影响,利用色差检测技术建立了黑胡萝卜花青素提取过程颜色控制标准。结果表明:最优提取条件为提取温度35℃、液料比(L/kg)8∶1、提取时间100 min、真空度-0.05 MPa,在此条件下,黑胡萝卜花青素提取率为96.3%;提取温度对花青素提取影响最为显著,真空度影响最小。     

番石榴叶黄酮类化合物提取及其粗提物对蔬菜病原真菌的抑菌活性

采用溶剂法提取番石榴Psidium guajava叶总黄酮,通过对溶剂浓度、提取温度、时间、料液比等因素进行正交试验,优化番石榴叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明,溶剂法提取番石榴叶总黄酮的最佳工艺参数为：80 ℃加热,60%乙醇,料液比1∶15,加热回流提取1 h,在此条件下总黄酮提取率达3.51%。番石榴叶总黄酮粗提物对茄子白绢病菌、甘蓝黑斑病菌、白菜炭疽病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌的室内抑菌EC50分别为184、209、180、102 mg·mL-1。     

Dynamic superheated liquid extraction of anthocyanins and other phenolics from red grape skins of winemaking residues

Grape skins from a grape pomace were subject to extraction with superheated ethanol-water mixtures for quantitative extraction of anthocyans and other phenolic compounds. The variables affecting dynamic extraction of these compounds were studied and identification and quantification of the extracted compounds were performed by both direct spectrophotometry or after HPLC separation using UV or MS detectors. The optimal working conditions for total extraction of anthocyans were: 1:1 (v/v) ethanol-water acidified with 0.8% (v/v) HCl, 120 degrees C, 30 min, 1.2 ml/min and 80 bar. The yields of anthocyanins, total phenolics and flavanols thus obtained were much higher (3 times for anthocyanins, 7 times for total phenolics and 11 times for flavanols) than those provided by dynamic conventional solid-liquid extraction. Several sample preparation procedures for skins as alternatives to free-drying were also investigated and drying at 40 degrees C for 24h provided the best results. Extraction with acidified water provides similar composition and poorer efficiency than 1:1 ethanol-water; also similar to two commercial grape skin extracts used as natural colorants.     

Optimisation of supercritical fluid extraction of indole alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus using experimental design methodology--comparison with other extraction techniques

Response surface modelling, using MODDE 6 software for Design of Experiments and Optimisation, was applied to optimise supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions for the extraction of indole alkaloids from the dried leaves of Catharanthus roseus. The effects of pressure (200-400 bar), temperature (40-80 degrees C), modifier concentration (2.2-6.6 vol%) and dynamic extraction time (20-60 min) on the yield of alkaloids were evaluated. The extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography and the analytes were identified using ion trap-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry. The method was linear for alkaloid concentration in the range 0.18-31 microg/mL. The limits of detection and quantification for catharanthine, vindoline, vinblastine and vincristine were 0.2, 0.15, 0.1 and 0.08 microg/mL and 2.7, 2.0, 1.3 and 1.1 microg/g, respectively. The dry weight content of major alkaloids in the plants were compared using different extraction methods, i.e. SFE, Soxhlet extraction, solid-liquid extraction with sonication and hot water extraction at various temperatures. The extraction techniques were also compared in terms of reproducibility, selectivity and analyte recoveries. Relative standard deviations for the major alkaloids varied from 4.1 to 17.5% in different extraction methods. The best recoveries (100%) for catharanthine were obtained by SFE at 250 bar and 80 degrees C using 6.6 vol% methanol as modifier for 40 min, for vindoline by Soxhlet extraction using dichloromethane in a reflux for 16 h, and for 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine by solid-liquid extraction using a solution of 0.5 m sulphuric acid and methanol (3:1 v/v) in an ultrasonic bath for 3 h.     

A Screening Analysis of the High‐Pressure Extraction of Anthocyanins from Red Grape Pomace with Carbon Dioxide and Cosolvent

In the work described here, a set of screening factorial design experiments was carried out in order to study the extraction process of anthocyanins from red grape pomace with carbon dioxide, along with either methanol or water as cosolvent, at high pressure. The variables studied were pressure, temperature, solvent flow‐rate, cosolvent percentage, cosolvent type (methanol or water) and extraction time. The quantification of the total amount of anthocyanins was performed by a colorimetric method. The results of the ANOVA study show a strong influence of the type and percentage of cosolvent. The best results were obtained with 20 mol‐% of methanol, 100 bar, 60 °C and a flow‐rate of 22 mmol/min after two hours of extraction.     

发酵液中多拉菌素的提取和萃取条件研究

采用单因素实验,分别研究提取试剂、发酵液放置时间、pH值和温度对发酵液中多拉菌素提取效果的影响;然后以乙酸乙酯为萃取试剂,研究萃取次数及萃取体积对多拉菌素萃取效果的影响。结果显示,甲醇为最佳提取试剂;发酵液在pH为3～11、温度为20～80℃的条件下放置144 h,多拉菌素均能稳定存在,提取得到的多拉菌素的质量浓度没有显著变化;浓缩提取液液经2倍体积乙酸乙酯萃取2次即可。该条件下多拉菌素的质量浓度和萃取率分别为151.78μg/mL和98.00%。     

Analysis of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in liquorice root with microwave-assisted micellar extraction and pre-concentration

The feasibility of employing a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) as an alternative and effective solvent for the microwave-assisted extraction of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin from liquorice root has been demonstrated. When compared with commonly used solvents, 5% Triton X-100 yielded higher extraction efficiency than aqueous solutions of ethanol or methanol. Under optimal conditions, i.e. 5% Triton X-100 (v/v) and microwave-assisted extraction for 3-5 min at 100 degrees C, the percentage extraction of active ingredients reached the highest value. The pre-concentration factor for the glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin was about 13, and the cloud-point extraction recoveries for the two ingredients were 98.4 and 96.1%, respectively. The results showed that the coupling of microwave-assisted extraction and cloud-point extraction could be employed as a new and effective approach for the rapid extraction and pre-concentration of pharmacologically active ingredients from liquorice root without disturbing the subsequent chromatographic analysis.     

响应面法优化乌骨藤通光藤苷G提取工艺

利用响应面法对乌骨藤Marsdenia tenacissima通光藤苷G的提取工艺进行优化。以通光藤苷G提取率为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,选取乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取次数进行4因素3水平的Box-Behnken中心组合研究,并运用Design Expect 8.0软件对试验参数进行分析,研究各自变量及其交互作用对通光藤苷G提取率的影响。结果显示,通光藤苷G的最佳提取条件为：乙醇溶液浓度80%,料液比1∶20(W/V),提取时间1.5 h,提取2次,在此条件下,通光藤苷G提取率为0.253%。     

Effect of solvent concentration on the extraction kinetics and diffusivity of Cyclosporin A in the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum

The kinetics of solid-liquid extraction and extraction yields of the immunosuppressant drug Cyclosporin A (CyA) from the mycelia of Tolypocladium inflatum were examined in this study. A 2 L stirred, baffled vessel was used to extract CyA from wet mycelia mass. Three different organic solvents were used, namely, methanol, acetone, and isopropanol at different concentrations in aqueous mixtures at room temperature. It was found that the best solvent was acetone at 50% v/v concentration achieving 100% extraction of CyA from the mycelia of T. inflatum. Although acetone proved to be the better solvent for CyA extraction, further studies were performed using methanol. A linear relationship was found between extraction yield of CyA and methanol concentration with 100% CyA extraction at 90% v/v methanol. The partition coefficients of CyA between the solid mycelia phase and the aqueous solvent phase were found to decrease exponentially with increasing methanol concentration. A liquid extraction model was developed based on the diffusion equation to correlate the kinetic data of CyA extraction from the solid mycelia of T. inflatum. Non-linear regression analysis of experimental data was used with the diffusion equation in order to calculate the effective diffusivities of CyA in the mycelia of T. inflatum. For all three organic solvents used, the effective diffusivities of CyA were found to be between 4.41 x 10(-15) and 6.18 x 10(-14) m(2)/s. This is the first time CyA effective diffusivities in T. inflatum are reported in the literature.     

Citric and gluconic acid production from fig by Aspergillus niger using solid-state fermentation

The production of citric and gluconic acids from fig by Aspergillus niger ATCC 10577 in solid-state fermentation was investigated. The maximal citric and gluconic acids concentration (64 and 490 g/kg dry figs, respectively), citric acid yield (8%), and gluconic acid yield (63%) were obtained at a moisture level of 75%, initial pH 7.0, temperature 30°C, and fermentation time in 15 days. However, the highest biomass dry weight (40 g/kg wet substrate) and sugar utilization (90%) were obtained in cultures grown at 35°C. The addition of 6% (w/w) methanol into substrate increased the concentration of citric and gluconic acid from 64 and 490 to 96 and 685 g/kg dry fig, respectively. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 298–304. Received 15 April 2000/ Accepted in revised form 11 August 2000     

独一味总黄酮提取工艺优化

以独一味Lamiophlomis rotata总黄酮提取率为考察指标,比较乙醇回流法、水煎法、超声法三种提取方法优劣,并通过L9(34)正交试验优选出最佳提取条件。结果显示,乙醇回流法的黄酮提取率显著高于其他两种方法,其最佳提取工艺为用80%乙醇溶液回流提取3次,料液比为1∶50,提取时间25 min。