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1.
胰岛素受体底物蛋白家族(insulin receptor substrate,IRS)具有衔接蛋白功能,可通过结合于跨膜受体而协调胞外信号向胞内的传递,进而激活PI3 K/Akt和MAPK这两条经典的信号通路,从而调节细胞生长、增殖、代谢和存活等生物学过程.研究显示,IRS蛋白的表达水平或功能异常常与肿瘤、糖尿病和心血...  相似文献   

2.
胞红蛋白(Cygb)是广泛存在于脊椎动物各类组织细胞中的球蛋白家族成员。Cygb为六配位体血红素单体蛋白质,能可逆结合O2、CO等气体配体,参与细胞内某些需氧酶反应。  相似文献   

3.
神经红细胞(NHb)是一种新的脊椎动物神经组织Hb。NHb为六配位蛋白,其理化性质与生物学性质不完全相同于Hb与Mb。NHb在低氧/缺血条件下可能对神经细胞有保护作用。  相似文献   

4.
DELLA家族蛋白与植物生长发育的关系   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
赤霉酸(GA)同细胞膜上的受体结合后,通过一系列信号分子,把信号传递到下游,以调节植物的生长发育.在已发现的植物GA信号传递分子中,有一类的N端具有高度保守的DELLA结构域,称之为DELLA家族蛋白.文中介绍了此类蛋白作为阻遏蛋白,对植物生长发育的调控作用及其行使阻遏作用的分子机制.  相似文献   

5.
FH蛋白家族成员的结构与功能   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
FH蛋白家族是包含两个保守FH1、FH2结构域的一类蛋白,广泛存在于各种真核生物细胞中,FH蛋白能够与Rho、抑制蛋白等相互作用,参与肌动蛋白细胞骨架的构建,是细胞极性化、细胞分裂、细胞连接和粘附所必需的。FH蛋白突变可导致一些人类遗传疾病。  相似文献   

6.
赵伟  傅国辉 《生命科学》2007,19(6):607-613
阴离子交换蛋白(anion exchanger,AE)家族由AE1、AE2和AE3三个成员组成,介导哺乳动物细胞普遍存在的C1一/HCO,跨膜交换过程,进而调节细胞内pH值(intracellular pH,pHi)和细胞体积。在极化的上皮细胞,Cl^-/HCO3^-的跨膜交换也是经上皮的酸碱分泌和重吸收的重要调节因子。AE1丰富地表达在红细胞,其N末端截短形式也表达在肾脏;AE2广泛地表达在各种组织,但以胃最为丰富;AE3表达在脑、视网膜和心脏。近年来对AE家族结构与功能的研究取得的新进展揭示了AE家族在某些病理过程中发挥重要作用。本文就AE家族的结构与功能及其病理作用进行了讨论。  相似文献   

7.
抗氧化蛋白Peroxiredoxin家族研究进展   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
Peroxiredoxin是新近发现的抗氧化酶系 ,广泛存在于各种生物体内。根据分子所具有保守半胱氨酸数目的不同 ,哺乳动物的 6个Peroxiredoxin分为 2个亚类。Peroxiredoxin除了具有共同的抗氧化功能外 ,它还具有其它的功能如细胞增殖与分化、细胞信号转导及保护其它蛋白的氧化等。对该类蛋白分子结构的深入研究已初步揭示其抗氧化的作用机制。Peroxiredoxin与肿瘤关系密切 ,它可能成为一个肿瘤标记物 ,可为肿瘤的治疗提供新的思路。  相似文献   

8.
郑世超  罗瑛  鲁涛 《生命科学》2010,(9):886-895
LuxR家族调控蛋白是一类在革兰氏阴性细菌群体感应中起重要作用的调控蛋白,它们参与由酰基高丝氨酸内酯介导的多种生物学过程,调控细菌生物发光、质粒转移、生物膜形成以及多种胞外酶、毒力因子和次生代谢产物的合成。LuxR家族蛋白的研究在医学、环境监测、生物防治和微生物发酵等方面具有巨大的应用潜力。该文综述了LuxR家族调控蛋白近期的研究进展、存在问题及应用前景。  相似文献   

9.
DCAF (DDB1-and CUL4-associated factor)是一类新发现的含"WDXR"结构域的蛋白质家族,其可与CRL4-DDB1构成E3泛素连接酶,通过对靶蛋白进行泛素化修饰,实现对细胞生长、分化、凋亡等一系列生命活动的调控。DCAF蛋白的异常表达通常与肿瘤、发育障碍等疾病密切相关。本文主要根据目前的研究成果对DCAF家族蛋白的功能及机制展开论述。  相似文献   

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A number of new 1, 3-dithiane-2-thione derivatives were synthesized from bismesylates of substituted 1, 3-dihydroxypropanes by the reaction with sodium trithiocarbonate provided from Na2S and CS2. The cyclic structures were elucidated on the basis of the IR, UV, NMR, and mass spectra, together with elemental analyses and chemical reactions.  相似文献   

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Meiotic arrest is a common cause of human male infertility, but the causes of this arrest are poorly understood. Transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is highly expressed in spermatocytes in the preleptotene and pachytene stages of meiosis. TDP-43 is linked to several human neurodegenerative disorders wherein its nuclear clearance accompanied by cytoplasmic aggregates underlies neurodegeneration. Exploring the functional requirement for TDP-43 for spermatogenesis for the first time, we show here that conditional KO (cKO) of the Tardbp gene (encoding TDP-43) in male germ cells of mice leads to reduced testis size, depletion of germ cells, vacuole formation within the seminiferous epithelium, and reduced sperm production. Fertility trials also indicated severe subfertility. Spermatocytes of cKO mice showed failure to complete prophase I of meiosis with arrest at the midpachytene stage. Staining of synaptonemal complex protein 3 and γH2AX, markers of the meiotic synaptonemal complex and DNA damage, respectively, and super illumination microscopy revealed nonhomologous pairing and synapsis defects. Quantitative RT–PCR showed reduction in the expression of genes critical for prophase I of meiosis, including Spo11 (initiator of meiotic double-stranded breaks), Rec8 (meiotic recombination protein), and Rad21L (RAD21-like, cohesin complex component), as well as those involved in the retinoic acid pathway critical for entry into meiosis. RNA-Seq showed 1036 upregulated and 1638 downregulated genes (false discovery rate <0.05) in the Tardbp cKO testis, impacting meiosis pathways. Our work reveals a crucial role for TDP-43 in male meiosis and suggests that some forms of meiotic arrest seen in infertile men may result from the loss of function of TDP-43.  相似文献   

14.
    
《Developmental cell》2022,57(2):246-259.e4
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15.
The erbB receptor family (EGFr, erbB-2, erbB-3, and erbB-4) consists of transmembrane glycoproteins that transduce extracellular signals to the nucleus when activated. erbB family members are widely expressed in epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuronal cells and contribute to the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival of these cell types. The present study evaluates the effects of erbB family signaling on cell cycle progression and the role that pRB plays in regulating this process. ErbB family RTK activity was inhibited by PD 158780 in the breast epithelial cell line MCF10A. PD 158780 (0.5 microM) inhibited EGF-stimulated and heregulin-stimulated autophosphorylation and caused a G1 cell cycle arrest within 24 h, which correlated with hypophosporylation of pRB. MCF10A cells lacking functional pRB retained the ability to arrest in G1 when treated with PD 158780. Both cell lines showed induction of p27(KIP1) protein when treated with PD 158780 and increased association of p27(KIP1) with cyclin E-CDK2. Furthermore, CDK2 kinase activity was dramatically inhibited with drug treatment. Changes in other pRB family members were noted with drug treatment, namely a decrease in p107 and an increase in p130. These findings show that the G1 arrest induced through inhibition of erbB family RTK activity does not require functional pRB.  相似文献   

16.
    
A new murine mutation, skeletal fusions with sterility, sks, has been identified. This mutation causes arrest during the pachytene stage of virtually all spermatogenic cells. Defects in chromosome pairing and appearance of the synaptonemal complex during meiosis in the male are apparent, but defective pairing is probably not the cause of sterility. Affected females are functionally infertile. Oocytes are capable of undergoing meiotic maturation in vitro but cannot be fertilized in vitro. Affected individuals of both sexes are characterized by fusions of vertebrae and of ribs. The sks gene has been mapped to Chromosome 4, 16.6 cM distal to the brown locus.  相似文献   

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Germ cell development is complex; it encompasses specification of germ cell fate, mitotic replication of early germ cell populations, and meiotic and postmeiotic development. Meiosis alone may require several hundred genes, including homologs of the BOULE (BOL) and PUMILIO (PUM) gene families. Both BOL and PUM homologs encode germ cell specific RNA binding proteins in diverse organisms where they are required for germ cell development. Here, we demonstrate that human BOL forms homodimers and is able to interact with a PUMILIO homolog, PUM2. We mapped the domain of BOL that is required for dimerization and for interaction with PUM2. We also show that BOL and PUM2 can form a complex on a subset of PUM2 RNA targets that is distinct from targets bound by PUM2 and another deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) family member, DAZ-like (DAZL). This suggests that RNA sequences bound by PUM2 may be determined by protein interactions. This data also suggests that although the BOL, DAZ, and DAZL proteins are all members of the same gene family, they may function in distinct molecular complexes during human germ cell development.  相似文献   

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The metaphase I (MI) arrest of starfish oocytes is released after spawning. In this study using starfish Asterina pectinifera , the duration of MI after spawning was ~20 min and ~30 min in fertilized and unfertilized oocytes, respectively. This prolongation of MI in unfertilized oocytes, referred to as the MI pause, was maintained by mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) as well as low intracellular pH (~7.0). Contrary to previous reports, MI arrest was not maintained by MAPK, since it was inactive in the oocytes arrested at MI in the ovary and activated immediately after spawning. Also, cyclin B was not degraded at pH 6.7 in the cell-free preparation without MAPK activity, whereas it was degraded at pH 7.0, suggesting that MI arrest was solely maintained by lower pH (< 7.0). Normal development occurred when the spawned oocytes were fertilized before the first polar body formation, whereas fertilization after the first polar body formation increased the rate of abnormal development. Thus, due to MI pause and MI arrest, the probability for fertilization before the polar body formation might be increased, leading to normal development.  相似文献   

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