五大连池蜈蚣衣科地衣物种多样性的初步研究

对五大连池蜈蚣衣科地衣的物种多样性及其分布、地理成分进行了初步研究。结果表明,分布在五大连池的蜈蚣衣科地衣共有4属,38种。其中,黑龙江新记录种25种,中国新记录种2种。这些种类分别为世界广布成分、东亚‐北美成分、东亚成分、北温带成分、泛热带成分、中国特有成分6个类型。本地区以北温带成分(29%)、东亚‐北美成分(29%)和世界广布成分(18%)为主。蜈蚣衣科地衣在五大连池地区主要生长在蒙古栎、火山杨、朽木和岩面上。     

葡萄果实香气成分的厌氧萃取研究

采用厌氧液-液萃取对葡萄果实中的香气成分进行了萃取,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其进行成分分析,并与葡萄果实常规萃取方法得到的香气成分进行比较。结果显示,采用厌氧萃取方法得到的萃取物含有的香气成分较多,一次性萃取可分析得到39种香气成分,且以内标物2-辛醇表示的香气成分含量明显高于常规萃取方法;香气成分归属的化学类别更多,比分液漏斗萃取方法多出2类香气成分。结果表明,厌氧萃取所得果实香气成分更真实,更典型,为葡萄果实香气成分的分析提供了一种有效的提取方法。     

陕西木本种子植物区系属的热带地理成分研究

对陕西境内木本种子植物区系属一级的热带地理成分进行了研究,全省木本种子植物区系中的热带地理成分共包括泛热带成分、热带亚洲和热带美洲间断成分、旧世界热带成分、热带亚洲至热带大洋洲成分、热带亚洲至热带非洲成分及热带亚洲成分6种类型,共95属,归属于53科。在各种热带地理成分中,陕西木本植物区系与泛热带成分联系最为密切,各类热带地理成分主要分布于陕西秦岭以南地区。从科、属、种的分布区格局以及木本热带区系成分的群落学作用等方面分析,陕西植物区系具有明显的温带性质,同时,区系也呈现一定的热带—温带过渡性特点。     

云参化学成分研究——Ⅳ.云参、党参脂溶性成分和水溶性成分的薄层层析图谱比较

本文比较了云参和党参脂溶性成分和水溶性成分的薄层层析图谱。结果表明,云参、党参的脂溶性成分(乙醚、乙酸乙酯提取物)和水溶性成分(95％乙醇、水提取物、糖类成分)均基本相同,为云参代替党参使用提供了可靠的科学依据。     

万寿菊精油成分研究

分析了万寿菊（Tagetes erects L.)叶精油和花的净油，鉴定了精油中约50种成分，主要成分为烯酮类化合物。净油由28个成分组成，主要成分为γ-和Δ－杜松烯，石竹烯等，含有较多的倍半萜类成分。     

永泰藤山自然保护区药用种子植物资源及区系分析

统计分析了永泰藤山省级自然保护区种子药用植物物种资源及其区系成分。藤山省级自然保护区有种子药用植物159科531属935种,分别占区内种子植物的84．1％、70．8％、53．9％,其区系成分复杂,科的区系成分以热带和泛热带成分比例最大;属的区系成分以热带成分占优势,热带性质较为明显,与本区的森林植物区系成分相近。同时提出保护区药用种子植物可持续利用与经营对策。     

黑龙江省五大连池枝状地衣多样性

报道了五大连池地区枝状地衣4属32种,其中圆鳞石蕊(Cladonia trassii Ahti)为中国新记录种,裸柄石蕊(Cladonia gymnopoda Vain.)为中国大陆新记录种,7种为黑龙江省新记录种。对32种地衣地理成分进行了分析,分属于6个地理成分:环北极成分(50%),广布成分(25%),东亚成分(9%),欧亚成分(6%),泛热带成分(6%),中国特有成分(3%);并对32种地衣的基物及分布特点进行了简要分析。     

福建种子植物区系地理研究

福建省地处中国东南沿海的亚热带 ,季风气候显著 ,水热条件良好 ,地貌以山地为主 ,致使种子植物成分丰富 ,自然分布的种类约有 1152属归 186科。区系地理成分分析表明 ,福建种子植物区系是典型的热带起源 ,热带成分占 56 .0 3% ,其中以泛热带成分最多 ,同时兼容了大量温带成分 ,说明温带成分并非源自本地 ,而是亚热带山区起源。区系成分中单型属和少型属以及特有属成分相当丰富 ,说明了残遗现象和个别特化现象比较明显     

阿魏属挥发油成分及其分类学意义

利用ＧＣＭＳ计算机联用方法从我国阿魏属（ＦｅｒｕｌａＬ．）１５种１变种根部挥发油中分离鉴定出２１４种成分,其中广布成分有２２种。挥发油成分中８０％是萜类,其次是多硫化合物。萜类中主要有单萜和倍半萜两大类,均以环化结构成分为主。通过全成分和萜类成分的多种聚类分析,对样品进行归类,结合形态特征、核型、黄酮成分等已有资料以及地理分布,讨论了挥发油成分在阿魏属分类中的意义,同时对所分析种类进行了类群划分和调整     

浙江武义森林植被区系的地理成分研究

提供了浙江武义的森林植被区系。该区系具有丰富的植物种类、古老植物和珍稀濒危植物,温带－温亚热带成分占优势,地理成分与世界各地植物区系有广泛的联系。该区系有１４个类型的成分,东亚成分、泛热带成分及东亚－北美间断成分具有较多的属,而地中海、西亚及中亚成分、温带亚洲成分及世界成分具有较少的属。     

降脂中药复方的转运性相互作用——体外MDR1转运研究

目的:药物相互作用是影响药物安全和药效的重大因素之一。本文旨在通过体外MDR1研究方法——ATP酶法,评价降脂中药复方(Fang-2)及其单方6个饮片水提物与P-gp的相互作用,为临床中西药转运性相互作用提供参考。方法:应用标准化制备技术,制备降脂中药复方及其6个饮片水提物。利用基于MDR1膜的ATP酶法,计算MDR1细胞膜的ATP酶活性,考察药物与P-gp的相互作用。结果:1 mg·mL-1、10 mg·mL-1两个浓度中药复方的ATP酶活性分别为27.2、40.0 nmol Pi·min-1·mg-1protein,呈浓度依赖性。6个单方中,泽泻、厚朴、夏枯草与P-gp作用显著,其强弱顺序为:泽泻夏枯草厚朴(50.642.640.0 nmol Pi·min-1·mg-1protein)。泽泻单体23-乙酰泽泻醇B、24-乙酰泽泻醇A均与P-gp有较强的相互作用,ATP酶动力学研究显示其Km值和Vmax值分别为0.79±0.28μM,2.01±0.67μM和50.57±3.72 nmol Pi·min-1·mg-1protein,56.28±29.6 nmol Pi·min-1·mg-1protein。结论:Fang-2与MDR1存在相互作用,其中泽泻为主要被MDR1转运的饮片,泽泻的有效组分23-乙酰泽泻醇B和24-乙酰泽泻醇A均是MDR1底物。表明该降脂中药与临床上其他降脂药物的联用时应充分考虑MDR1介导的转运行相互作用,为临床用降脂药物提供参考和依据。     

The antitumor molecular mechanism of Alisma orientalis with c-myc DNA: multi-spectroscopic analysis and molecular simulation

Abstract

We prepared extracts of Alisma orientalis from Sichuan and Fujian Province, China. Based on the ratio of alisol B 23-acetate (23B) to alisol A 24-acetate (24A) in two Alisma orientalis extracts, we prepared two mixtures of 24A and 23B (24A:23B?=?1:3 or 1:10). The antitumor molecular mechanism of the monomers 24A and 23B, the two mixtures and the effective components of Alisma orientalis from different habitats were studied. The MTT assay suggested that the difference in the antitumor activity of Alisma orientalis from different habitats was correlated to the ratio of 24A to 23B. The multi-spectroscopic analysis suggested that the effective components, the monomers and mixtures interacted with c-myc DNA in a partial intercalation manner. The binding strength of the alisol acetates to c-myc DNA was consistent with the anticancer activity, indicating that c-myc DNA was the anticancer target. The molecular simulation indicated that the mixtures were all directly bound to different base pairs of c-myc DNA for a superimposed effect, which led to the binding strength of the mixtures to c-myc DNA was stronger than that of the monomers. The molecules in the 1:3 mixture were all bound to different base pairs of c-myc DNA. However, for the 1:10 mixture, seven molecules of 23B bound to the side chain of 24A, resulting in the mixture with a long chain structure which increased the steric hindrance of 24A. As a result, affinity between 24A and c-myc DNA in the 1:10 mixture was weaker than that in the 1:3 mixture.

The antitumor molecular mechanism of the alisol monomers 24A and 23B, the mixtures with different proportions and the effective components of Alisma orientalis from different habitats were studied. The order of the antitumor activity was as follows: Sichuan?>?Fujian, 24A-23B (1:3) > 24A-23B (1:10) > 23B?>?24A. The antitumor activity of Alisma orientalis from different habitats was consistent with the mixtures which were designed according to the contents of the active ingredients of the medicinal materials, indicating that the antitumor activity of Alisma orientalis from Sichuan is better than that from Fujian which is related to the contents of 24A and 23B and the proportion of 1:3 is better than 1:10. The binding strength of the mixtures to c-myc DNA was consistent with the anticancer activity. The mixtures were all directly bound to different base pairs of c-myc DNA for a superimposed effect, which led to the strength of the interaction of the mixtures to c-myc DNA was stronger than that of the monomers. For the 24A-23B (1:3) mixture, the four small molecules bound to c-myc DNA directly and interacted with different base pairs of c-myc DNA. While for the 24A-23B (1:10) mixture, 24A and three 23B molecules interacted with c-myc DNA, the remaining seven 23B molecules bound to the side chain of 24A, which increased the steric hindrance. The binding of the mixture to c-myc DNA was decreased.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma     

碳碳相关谱测定Oplopanone的结构

从四川产泽泻（Alisma orientalis Juzep.）中分离出一个倍半萜成分,经碳碳相关等核磁谱测定为Oplopanone。该成分为首次从泽泻科中分得,利用碳碳相关信息对该成分的碳谱进行了全归属,并讨论了该化合物的生物合成途径。     

Guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids from Alisma orientalis

Two guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids named orientalol E (1) and orientalol F (3) were isolated from the rhizome of Alisma orientalis (SAM) JUZEP together with two known guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids alismol (2) and alismoxide (4). Their relative stereostructures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, whereas absolute stereostructures were determined on the basis of chemical correlation.     

Reversal of multidrug resistance in cancer cells by Rhizoma Alismatis extract

Prolonged chemotherapy may lead to the selective proliferation of multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells. In MDR HepG2-DR and K562-DR cells that over-expressed P-glycoprotein (Pgp), the extract of the rhizomes of Alisma orientalis (Sam) Juzep. showed a synergistic growth inhibitory effect with cancer drugs that are Pgp substrates including actinomycin D, puromycin, paclitaxel, vinblastine and doxorubicin. At the same toxicity levels the herbal extract was more effective than verapamil, a standard Pgp inhibitor, in enhancing cellular doxorubicin accumulation and preventing the efflux of rhodamin-123 from the MDR cells. The extract restored the effect of vinblastine on the induction of G(2)/M arrest in MDR cells. Our data suggest that A. orientalis may contain components that are effective inhibitors of Pgp.     

Triterpenes from Alisma orientalis act as farnesoid X receptor agonists

Alisma orientalis is a well-known traditional medicine exerting pharmacological effects including antidiabetes, antihepatitis, and antidiuretics, but the respective molecular mechanism is not completely clear. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily and viewed as one of the essential target proteins to develop antidiabetic treatments. In this study, the triterpenes, alisol M 23-acetate and alisol A 23-acetate, were isolated from A. orientalis and further evaluated for their activity against FXR. In the mammalian one-hybrid and transient transfection reporter assays, both triterpenes transactivated FXR to modulate promoter action including GAL4, SHP, CYP7A1, and PLTP promoters in dose-dependent manner, while they exhibited similar agonistic activity as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), an endogenous FXR agonist. These results highly indicated that alisol M 23-acetate and alisol A 23-acetate acted as FXR agonists so A. orientalis might exert therapeutic effect including antihyperglycemic effect through FXR pathway.     

宽叶泽苔草萜类化学成分分析及其化学分类学意义

宽叶泽苔草Caldesia grandis隶属泽泻科Alismataceae,是一种珍稀濒危水生植物。其化学成分迄今未见报道。本文利用气质联用的方法鉴定了该植物的43种化学成分,并总结了已报道的其近缘泽泻属Alisma、慈姑属Sagittaria、刺果泽泻属Echinodorus植物的化学成分,据此进行化学分类学分析:它们的特征化学成分是二萜,宽叶泽苔草和泽泻属植物的二萜成分是处于二萜生源合成途径最顶端的kaurane类型;慈姑属植物的二萜成分既有处于该途径底端的clerodane型、中间的pimarene型,也有顶端的kaurane型、abietene型二萜;刺果泽泻属植物的二萜成分是处于该途径底端的clerodane型。宽叶泽苔草和泽泻属植物都有桉叶烷型和愈创木烷型的倍半萜。因此宽叶泽苔草和泽泻属植物的亲缘关系比慈姑属、刺果泽泻属植物的近,由此推测它们的进化层次可能依次是刺果泽泻属植物、慈姑属植物、泽泻属植物、宽叶泽苔草。     

Chemical analysis of diterpenoids in Caldesia grandis and its chemotaxonomic implication

Caldesia grandis is a rare and endangered aquatic plant of the Alismataceae family. This paper first reports 43 chemical components of C. grandis based on the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and reviews research on the chemical compositions of some closely related genera such as Alisma, Sagittaria, and Echinodorus. Their common chemical components are diterpenoids. Kaurane diterpenoids are found in Caldesia, Alisma and Sagittaria; clerodane diterpenoids in Sagittaria and Echinodorus; and pimarene and abietene diterpenoids in Sagittaria. By the biogenesis of diterpenoids, kaurane and abietene diterpenoids represent evolutionarily derived compounds, clerodane diterpenoids are primordial, and pimarene diterpenoids are intermediate. The chemotaxonomy, karyotypical analysis and fossil records of those genera showed that Caldesia was evolutionarily closer to Alisma than to Sagittaria and Echinodorus. Possible evolution levels of Echinodorus, Sagittaria, Alisma, Caldesia in chronological order are derived.     

Growth-inhibiting effects of seco-tanapartholides identified in Artemisia princeps var. orientalis whole plant on human intestinal bacteria

AIMS: The present work aimed at isolating antibacterial constituents from the whole plant of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis active towards nine human intestinal bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS: The growth-inhibiting activities of materials derived from the Artemisia whole plant towards test bacteria were examined using an impregnated paper disc method. The biologically active constituents of the Artemisia whole plant were characterized as the sesquiterpene lactones seco-tanapartholides A and B by spectroscopic analysis. In a test using 1 mg per disc, seco-tanapartholides A and B produced a clear inhibitory effect against Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis and Staphylococcus aureus. These compounds did not affect the growth of test lactic acid-producing bacteria (Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bif. breve, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lact. casei) and Escherichia coli, whereas weak growth inhibition towards Bif. bifidum was observed. At 0.5 mg per disc, seco-tanapartholides A and B exhibited moderate growth inhibition towards Cl. perfringens but weak growth inhibition towards Bact. fragilis and Staph. aureus. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibitory action of seco-tanapartholides A and B towards specific bacteria without any adverse effects on lactic acid-producing bacteria may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological actions of A. princeps var. orientalis whole plant. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These naturally occurring Artemisia whole plant-derived materials could be useful as a new preventive agent against various diseases caused by harmful intestinal bacteria such as clostridia.     

Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antiviral activities of the essential oils of seven Lebanon species

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Laurus nobilis, Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus, Thuja orientalis, Cupressus sempervirens ssp. pyramidalis, Pistacia palaestina, Salvia officinalis, and Satureja thymbra was determined by GC/MS analysis. Essential oils have been evaluated for their inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV and HSV-1 replication in vitro by visually scoring of the virus-induced cytopathogenic effect post-infection. L. nobilis oil exerted an interesting activity against SARS-CoV with an IC(50) value of 120 microg/ml and a selectivity index (SI) of 4.16. This oil was characterized by the presence of beta-ocimene, 1,8-cineole, alpha-pinene, and beta-pinene as the main constituents. J. oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus oil, in which alpha-pinene and beta-myrcene were the major constituents, revealed antiviral activity against HSV-1 with an IC(50) value of 200 microg/ml and a SI of 5.