磁处理水对家兔血脂影响的实验研究

目的：探讨饮用磁处理水时间的长短与降低家兔血脂的关系.方法：72只家兔平均分四组A组基础饲料组,饮自来水;B、C、D高脂饲料组,B组对照组饮自来水;C组治疗1组,30天后饮磁处理水,治疗30天后采耳血,分别测血清TC、TG、HDL-c、LDL-c水平.D组治疗2组,30天后饮磁处理水,治疗100天后采耳血,分别测血清TC、TG、HDL-c、LDL-c水平.结果：B组家兔血清TC、TG、HDL-c、LDL-c水平显著高于A组,（P〈0.01）;C组家兔TC、LDL-c水平显著低与B组（P〈0.01）;,但也显著高于A组（P〈0.01）;TG、HDL-c水平与B组相比无显著差异（P〉0.05）.D组家兔血清TC、TG、LDL-c水平与B组相比均有明显下降（P〈0.01）,与A组比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,而HDL-c水平与A组比较明显上升（P〈0.01）.结论：长期饮用磁处理水可以显著降低家兔血清高胆固醇含量,并恢复到正常状态.     

磁处理水对家兔血脂影响的实验研究

目的:探讨饮用磁处理水时间的长短与降低家兔血脂的关系。方法:72只家兔平均分四组A组基础饲料组,饮自来水;B、C、D高脂饲料组,B组对照组饮自来水;C组治疗1组,30天后饮磁处理水,治疗30天后采耳血,分别测血清TC、TG、HDL-c、LDL-c水平。D组治疗2组,30天后饮磁处理水,治疗100天后采耳血,分别测血清TC、TG、HDL-c、LDL-c水平。结果:B组家兔血清TC、TG、HDL-c、LDL-c水平显著高于A组,(P<0.01);C组家兔TC、LDL-c水平显著低与B组(P<0.01);,但也显著高于A组(P<0.01);TG、HDL-c水平与B组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。D组家兔血清TC、TG、LDL-c水平与B组相比均有明显下降(P<0.01),与A组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),而HDL-c水平与A组比较明显上升(P<0.01)。结论:长期饮用磁处理水可以显著降低家兔血清高胆固醇含量,并恢复到正常状态。     

磁处理水对鲫鱼血清蛋白和乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的影响

本试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,比较分析了经磁处理水饲养的鲫鱼血清蛋白谱带和ＬＤＨ同工酶谱带。结果表明：其血清蛋白和乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）同工酶的电泳谱带与对照相比有明显差异。血清蛋白谱带平均变化率为３２．５％,ＬＤＨ同工酶谱带平均变化率为１０％。两种谱带均以饲养１０ｄ的变化率最高。结果提示了磁处理水对鲫鱼最佳影响时期。     

磁处理水对小鼠血清SOD及LPO水平影响的实验研究

用磁处理水喂养小白鼠30天,测定其血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化脂质(LPO)水平。结果表明:饮用磁处理水的小白鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶含量明显高于对照组(饮用普通自来水),P<0.02;而血清过氧化脂质水平明显低于对照组P<0.01。这一结果提示我们,磁处理水确能降低生物机体自由基水平,提高机体抗氧化酶活性。     

磁处理水对小鼠血液过氧化氢酶及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力的影响

将小鼠随机分为饮用磁处理水的实验组及饮用自来水的对照组,每组雌、雄鼠各半,饲养一个月,取血测定其过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力。结果雌、雄实验组CAT活性均显著高于对照组;雄鼠实验组GSH-PX活力明显高于对照组,雌鼠实验组GSH-PX活力与对照组无显著差异。显示饮用一定时间磁处理水的小鼠机体外理自由基能力有所提高。     

睾丸及附睾免疫环境与男性生殖

生精细胞在发育成熟过程中产生大量抗原性蛋白,但在睾丸内并不引起免疫反应;另一方面,一些机体系统性免疫反应可以破坏男性生育能力.这些现象的调控机理是男性生殖领域广泛关注的重要问题,对这些问题的深入认识可能为预防及治疗由炎症引起的男性生育障碍提供新线索.睾丸是精子发生的场所,而附睾是精子成熟的器官,二者均会发生影响男性生育能力的免疫反应.然而睾丸和附睾中的免疫反应存在很大区别,睾丸具有较强的免疫豁免能力,附睾比睾丸易发生免疫反应,附睾内的精子比睾丸中的生精细胞更容易被免疫系统损伤.而且离睾丸越远的附睾区域,产生的炎症反应及其对生殖的影响越大.深入研究其调控机制将有助于揭示男性生殖系统特殊的免疫环境.     

家兔低密度脂蛋白胆固醇增高及同步饮磁处理水时动脉内膜病理学变化的比较研究

目的:观察家兔实验性低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL -c)增高及同步饮磁处理水时动脉内膜病理变化的区别,探讨磁处理水对动脉粥样硬化的预防作用。方法:新西兰雄性大白兔随机分为3组即对照组(NG)、模型组(ASG)和预防组(MWG) ,以高脂饲料复制家兔动脉粥样硬化(AS)模型。MWG家兔喂高脂饲料同步饮磁处理水,分阶段检测各组家兔血浆LDL -c含量并观察其主动脉内膜病理学改变。结果:MWG血浆LDL -c含量明显较ASG降低(P <0 .0 1,MWG主动脉内膜脂质沉积及粥样斑块形成面积较ASG减小(P <0 .0 1,内膜增生程度较ASG减轻(P <0 .0 1)。结论:提示磁处理水在家兔实验性高LDL -c血症及AS的预防中起一定作用。     

The effects of carnitine,glycerylphosphorylcholine, caffeine,and egg yolk on the motility of rat epididymal spermatozoa

Experiments were performed to further the understanding of epididymal processes involved in the acquisition of sperm motility. Samples of luminal contents were collected by micropuncture from four regions of the rat epididymis. These samples were incubated in various diluents to observe the effects of the diluents on sperm motility. Consonant with previous reports, 40 mM glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) and 60 mM DL-carnitine reduced overall motility scores of cauda epididymidal spermatozoa but did not prevent normal initiation of motility. Additionally, control sperm cells and cells treated with carnitine could reinitiate full motility after becoming immotile. Spermatozoa treated with GPC could not reinitiate motility. The sperm cells in our system thus react to GPC and carnitine in fundamentally different ways, the exact nature of which remains to be determined. Spermatozoa from the distal caput epididymidis evidenced high motility scores when diluted in a 5% egg yolk + 10 mM caffeine diluent. It was demonstrated, however, that the subjective appearance of full motility in these immature cells was not supported by actual progressive motility as measured in an assay of linear distance traveled. It was concluded that neither 10 mM caffeine, 5% egg yolk, nor their combination was sufficient to induce progressive motility in immature rat spermatozoa.     

Morphology of the male reproductive system and sperm ultrastructure of Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)

The male reproductive tract of Leucoptera coffeella was processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. In the testis, the eupyrene cells are arranged in individual cysts, while the apyrene cysts form aggregates, never observed in other Lepidoptera. Both cysts contain 128 spermatozoa, which differ from the typical pattern. In the seminal vesicle, both types of spermatozoa are dispersed in the lumen, also different from other Lepidoptera. The apyrene spermatozoa are similar to those observed for other Lepidoptera. They present an anterior region covered by a dense cap and the flagellum is composed of a 9 + 9 + 2 axoneme and two mitochondrial derivatives. The eupyrene spermatozoa, however, differ from the typical pattern for Lepidoptera. Their anterior region contains a nucleus, an acrosome and a peculiar arc of eight accessory microtubules connected to the plasma membrane by dense bridges. In the nucleus–flagellum region, the ninth accessory microtubule is assembled between both mitochondrial derivatives, to participate in the axoneme. The flagellum comprises a 9 + 9 + 2 axoneme and two mitochondrial derivatives with paracrystalline cores. External to the plasma membrane and close to the accessory microtubules, there are tufts of an amorphous material, suggesting reduced lacinate appendages, while the reticular ones are absent. The reduction of lacinate appendages and the absence of sperm bundles in the seminal vesicle support the concept that the appendages of other Lepidoptera could be associated with the eupyrene aggregations. The characters ‘number of spermatozoa per cyst’ and ‘absence of bundles’ should be considered plesiomorphic, supporting the position of this taxon in the base of the Ditrysia.     

Two cases of multiple abnormalities in testicular and ejaculated bull spermatozoa

Multiple abnormalities were observed in testicular, epididynal and ejaculated spermatozoa from two bulls. These included acrosomal knobbing, incomplete nuclear condensation and coiled tails. The first two defects are considered to be characteristic of emmission of immature sperm, while the last may be a reflection of the effect of a changing osmotic environment on inherently susceptible cells.     

Cell surface changes in the proteins of rabbit spermatozoa during epididymal passage

Differences in the exposure of spermatozoa surface components during epididymal passage have been examined using lactoperoxidase-catalyzed ¹²⁵I-iodination or labeling with ¹²⁵I-diazodiiodosulfanilic acid. Labeled surface proteins obtained from caput and cauda epididymides were solubilized in detergent, separated by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis, and identified by radiography. Densitometer scans of autoradiograms revealed increased amounts or exposures of surface proteins of ～35,000, ～39,000, ～50,000, and ～78,000 molecular weight on the cauda epididymal spermatozoa.     

Male reproductive effect of nickel sulphate in mice

Nickel sulphate was administered orally to adult male mice at dose level of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight (5 days per week) for 35 days. There was no change in body weight. However a significant decrease in absolute and organ-to-body weight ratios of testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles and prostate gland was observed. The sperm abnormality, associated with decrease in sperm motility and sperm count was also observed. Significant alterations in the activities of marker testicular enzymes, viz. sorbitol dehydrogenase (decreases), lactate dehydrogenase (increases) and -glutamyl transpeptidase (increases) associated with histopathological changes in testes, epididymides and seminal vesicles, were also observed. Accumulation of nickel in testes, epididymides and seminal vesicles was also observed. The study reveals that the oral exposure to nickel may affect the histology of testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles and sperms morphology. These testicular and spermatotoxic changes may be responsible for observed male mediated developmental toxic effects.     

Lipid phase transition in the plasma membrane of the goat epididymal maturing spermatozoa

Microviscosity of the highly purified plasma membranes isolated from the maturing goat caput, corpus and cauda epididymal sperm, was measured using l,6-diphenyl-l,3,5-hexatriene as the lipophilic probe at varying temperatures (12–42°C). As shown by the Arrhenius plot of the data each of the maturing sperm membranes had two distinct lipid phase transitions in the temperature zones 19–25°C and 34–37°C. The low-temperature transitions for the immature caput- and mature cauda-sperm membranes were noted at 19–20°C, and 24–25°C, respectively, whereas both these membranes showed high temperature transition at 36–37°C. The maturing corpus-sperm membrane had phase transitions at 21–22°C and 35–36°C that were significantly different from those of the immature/mature sperm membranes. The data implicate significant alteration of the sperm membrane structure during epididymal maturation. The phase transition of the mature male gametes at 36–37°C may have a great impact on the subsequent events of the sperm life cycle since the mature spermatozoa that are stored in the epididymis a few degrees below the body temperature, experience higher temperature when ejaculated into the female reproductive tract.     

Immunocytochemical localization of DJ-1 in human male reproductive tissue

DJ-1 was identified as an activated ras-dependent oncogene product, and was also found to be an infertility-related protein (contraception-associated protein 1; CAP 1) that was reduced in rat spermatozoa treated with ornidazole, one of the endocrine disrupting substances that causes reversible infertility in rats. CAP 1 is present in spermatozoa but is not detectable in the epididymal fluid of fertile rats and appears to be shed from sperm during treatment with ornidazole. To determine the functions of DJ-1 in the human reproductive system as a target protein of endocrine active substances, we identified the localization of DJ-1 in human testis, epididymis, ejaculated spermatozoa, and seminal plasma. DJ-1 was present in cells existing in the seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells. Some strong expressions were observed in Leydig cells and Sertoli cells, suggesting a relation with spermatogenesis via androgen receptor (AR). In ejaculated spermatozoa, DJ-1 existed on the surface of the posterior part of head and the anterior part of the midpiece. DJ-1 was also present on sperm flagella when the antibody penetrated the plasma membrane, suggesting that there are two putative roles in fertilization, one is binding to the egg, and the other is flagella movement. In contrast to previous findings, we detected DJ-1 in seminal plasma of fertile men. These results demonstrate that DJ-1 in human seminal plasma is not only from spermatozoa but also from the testis and epididymis. It is suggested that DJ-1 may play an important and as yet uncharacterized role in spermatogenesis and fertilization in humans.