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1.
磷脂酰肌醇—3激酶/蛋白激酶B信号系统   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
质膜民分磷脂酰肌醇被其3位激酶(PI3K)活化后,可以使蛋白激酶B(PKB)由细胞浆定位于胞膜,继而被磷酸化激活。PKB是原癌基因akt的产物,具有丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶活性,介导细胞代谢、生长、增殖等效应。PI3/PKB系统是近年来发现的一个生长因子信号转导通路。  相似文献   

2.
蛋白激酶B(PKB)是1991年首次被鉴定的一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸类蛋白激酶,它通过依赖或不依赖PI3-K信号途径被多种不同的生长因子激活。PKB在细胞凋亡,糖代谢、蛋白合成中起着十分重要的作用。  相似文献   

3.
MKP—1在血管紧张素Ⅱ导致心肌肥大反应中的调控作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Liu PQ  Lu W  Wang TH  Pan JY 《生理学报》2000,52(5):365-370
本研究主要从丝裂原活化蛋白激酶磷酸酶-1(MKP-1)角度,研究丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号途径在血管紧张素Ⅱ介导的新生大鼠心肌细胞肥大反应中的作用及调控机制。实验以心肌细胞蛋白合成速率、蛋白含量及细胞表面积作为心肌肥大反应的指标,以凝胶内MBP原位磷酸化测定MAPK活性,以免疫印迹法(Western boltting)分别测定MKP-1及磷酸化p44MAPK、p42MAPK蛋白表达。结果发  相似文献   

4.
猪伪狂犬病毒蛋白激酶基因的序列测定与分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
对伪狂犬病毒湖北株(PRV HB株)蛋白激酶(PK)基因进行了克隆和序列测定。分析比较了该序列与PRVNIA-3株、Ka株以及HSV-1、VZV PK基因的同源性。结果显示,在测定全长1312bp的DNA序列中,包括着一个1002核苷酸的开放读框,可编码334个氨基酸组成的多肽。PRV-HB株PK与PRV-NIA3、PRV-Ka、HSV-1、VZV PK基因比较,核苷酸的同源性分别为98.7%、9  相似文献   

5.
AVP(4 ̄8)是精氨酸加压素(AVP)在脑内的天然酶解产物,具有增强学习记忆的功能。为了进一步阐明其作用的分子机制,以SK-N-SH成神经瘤细胞(SK细胞)为模型进行研究。放射性配基结合实验表明,在SK细胞上存在AVP(4 ̄8)的特异性结合位点。AVP(4 ̄8)可以刺激SK细胞中蛋白激酶C(PKC)和促细胞分裂原活化的蛋白激酶(MAPK)尖性的升高,并可以被AVP(4 ̄8)的受体拮抗剂ZDC(C  相似文献   

6.
p38 MAPK信号传导通路   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
姜勇  韩家淮 《生命科学》1999,11(3):102-106
丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activatedporoteinkinase,MAPK)介导了生长、发育,分裂,死亡,以及细胞间的功能同步等多种细胞生理功能,在哺乳动物细胞中已发现和克隆了ERK、JNK/SAPK,ERK5/BMK1和p38/RK四个MAPK亚族,这些新的MAPK介导了物理,化学反激,细菌产物,炎性细胞因子等多种刺激引起的细胞反应,p38亚族至少包括p38(α),p38β,p  相似文献   

7.
MAPK信号转导通路对炎证反应的调控   总被引:26,自引:2,他引:24  
Jiang Y  Gong XW 《生理学报》2000,52(4):267-271
丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitohen-actevatcd protein kinasa,MAPK)是生物体内重要的信号转导系统之一,参与介导生长、发育、化裂、分化、死亡以及细胞间的功能同步等多种细胞过程,在哺乳动物细胞中已发现和克隆了ERK、JNK/SAPK、p38/RK、ERK5/BMK1四个MAPK亚族。这些MAPK能被多种炎性刺激所激活,并对炎症的发生、发展起生重要调控作用。研究感染和炎症反应  相似文献   

8.
李田昌  佟利家 《生理学报》1996,48(4):337-342
内皮素(endothelin,ET)是已知的体内活性最强的缩血管物质,其缩血管作用由G蛋白偶联受体所介导。但ET强大的促血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增生效应的机理尚未完全阐明。本研究选用培养的兔胸主动脉VSMC,探讨丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)在ET促细胞增生中的作用。结果表明:ET-1呈时间和浓度依赖性地促进细胞摄取 ̄3H-TdR和激活MAPK,此作用可被蛋白激酶C(proteinkinaseC,PKC)抑制剂Staurosporine(STP),H-7和ET_A受体拮抗剂BQ123所抑制,但不被酪氨酸激酶抑制剂HerbimycinA(Herb)所抑制,用PKC激动剂PMA(Phorbolmyristateacetate)预处理VSMC,使其PKC活性下调,可显著减弱ET-1对MAPK的激活能力。本结果提示:(1)MAPK参与ET-1所致的VSMC增生;(2)ET-1促细胞增生与激活MAPK的作用是由ET_A受体和PKC介导的。  相似文献   

9.
伪狂犬病毒蛋白激酶基因的PCR扩增及其克隆鉴定   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
以BHK-21细胞单层上增殖的伪狂犬病毒(Pseudorabiesvirus,PRV),经离心浓缩后,用SDS-蛋白酶K消化法分离纯化PRV基因组DNA。参照PRVKa株和NIA-3株蛋白激酶(PK)基因的DNA序列,设计并合成了一对长度为26bp和32bp的引物,以纯化的PRV基因组DNA为模板,用PCR技术成功地扩增出我国伪狂犬病毒地方株的PK基因,并将它克隆于pUC19载体。酶切分析结果表明,所获PK基因克隆在PstI、SmaI、XhoI和SalI上的切点与PRVNIA-3株相同。为下一步进行PK基因的体外缺失和重组,以构建减毒的PK缺失疫苗株奠定了基础。  相似文献   

10.
巨噬细胞免疫调变信号——PKA与PKC对MAPK信号通路的调节   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
以前的研究工作表明,细菌脂多糖(LPS)可以调变抑制性巨噬细胞为增强T、B淋巴细胞及NK细胞活性,同时又能保持或增强其抗肿瘤效应。忆报道了在这一复杂的免疫调变过程中伴随有蛋白激酶C(PKC)和促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号转导通路的激活。为了探索免疫调变过程中其他信号对MAPK通路的影响,以LPS调变小鼠腹腔抑制性巨噬细胞为模型,研究了cAMP/PKA和佛波酯(PMA)/PKC信号对MAPK  相似文献   

11.
Harris TK 《IUBMB life》2003,55(3):117-126
Growth factor binding events to receptor tyrosine kinases result in activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and activated PI3K generates the membrane-bound second messengers phosphatidylinositol 3,4-diphosphate [PI(3,4)P2] and PI(3,4,5)P3, which mediate membrane translocation of the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt). In addition to the kinase domain, PDK1 and PKB contain a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that binds to the second messenger, resulting in the phosphorylation and activation of PKB by PDK1. Recent evidence indicates that constitutive activation of PKB contributes to cancer progression by promoting proliferation and increased cell survival. The indicating of PDK1 and PKB as primary targets for discovery of anticancer drugs, together with the observations that both PDK1 and PKB contain small-molecule regulatory binding sites that may be in proximity to the kinase active site, make PDK1 and PKB ideal targets for the development of new strategies to structure-based drug design. While X-ray structures have been reported for the kinase domains of PDK1 and PKB, no suitable crystals have been obtained for either PDK1 or PKB with their PH domains intact. In this regard, a novel structure-based strategy is proposed, which utilizes segmental isotopic labeling of the PH domain in combination with site-directed spin labeling of the kinase active site. Then, long-range distance restraints between the 15N-labeled backbone amide groups of the PH domain and the unpaired electron of the active site spin label can be determined from magnetic resonance studies of the enhancement effect that the paramagnetic spin label has on the nuclear relaxation rates of the amide protons. The determination of the structure and position of the PH domain with respect to the known X-ray structure of the kinase active site could be useful in the rational design of potent and selective inhibitors of PDK1 and PKB by 'linking' the free energies of binding of substrate (ATP) analogs with analogs of the inositol polar head group of the phospholipid second messenger. The combined use of X-ray crystallography, segmental isotopic and spin labeling, and magnetic resonance studies can be further extended to the study of other dynamic multidomain proteins and targets for structure-based drug design.  相似文献   

12.
The phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase (PI3K)-signaling pathway plays a critical role in a variety of cellular responses such as modulation of cell survival, glucose homeostasis, cell division, and cell growth. PI3K generates important lipid second messengers-phosphatidylinositides that are phosphorylated at the 3' position of their inositol ring head-group. These membrane restricted lipids act by binding with high affinity to specific protein domains such as the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. Effectors of PI3K include molecules that harbor such domains such as phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK1) and protein kinase B (PKB), also termed Akt. The mammalian genome encodes three different PKB genes (alpha, beta, and gamma; Akt1, 2, and 3, respectively) and each is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in diseases such as glioblastoma and breast cancer. A second family of three protein kinases, termed serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinases (SGKs), is structurally related to the PKB family including regulation by PI3K but lack a PH domain. However, in addition to PH domains, a second class of 3' phosphorylated inositol phospholipid-binding domains exists that is termed Phox homology (PX) domain: this domain is found in one of the SGKs (SGK3). Here, we summarize knowledge of the three SGK isoforms and compare and contrast them to PKB with respect to their possible importance in cellular regulation and potential as therapeutic targets.  相似文献   

13.
To investigate the role of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) in the insulin-signaling pathway for glucose metabolism, wild-type (wt), the kinase-dead (kd), or the plecstrin homology (PH) domain deletion (DeltaPH) mutant of PDK1 was expressed using an adenovirus gene transduction system in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. wt-PDK1 and kd-PDK1 were found in both membrane and cytosol fractions, whereas DeltaPH-PDK1, which exhibited PDK1 activity similar to that of wt-PDK1, was detected exclusively in the cytosol fraction. Insulin dose dependently activated protein kinase B (PKB) but did not change atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) activity in control cells. aPKC activity was not affected by expression of wt-, kd-, or DeltaPH-PDK1 in either the presence or the absence of insulin. Overexpression of wt-PDK1 enhanced insulin-induced activation of PKB as well as insulin-induced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3alpha/beta, a direct downstream target of PKB, although insulin-induced glycogen synthesis was not significantly enhanced by wt-PDK1 expression. Neither DeltaPH-PDK1 nor kd-PDK1 expression affected PKB activity, GSK3 phosphorylation, or glycogen synthesis. Thus membrane localization of PDK1 via its PH domain is essential for insulin signaling through the PDK1-PKB-GSK3alpha/beta pathway. Glucose transport activity was unaffected by expression of wt-PDK1, kd-PDK1, or DeltaPH-PDK1 in either the presence or the absence of insulin. These findings suggest the presence of a signaling pathway for insulin-stimulated glucose transport in which PDK1 to PKB or aPKC is not involved.  相似文献   

14.
3磷酸肌醇依赖性蛋白激酶1(3phosphoinositidedependentproteinkinase1,PDK1PDPK1)是蛋白激酶B(proteinkinaseB,PKBCAKT)的上游激酶,通过与3,4,5三磷酸磷脂酰肌醇[PtdIns(3,4,5)P3]作用激活相邻的PKB分子.同时,PDK1被称为AGC激酶的掌管者(master),能够激活包含PKB在内的一系列的AGC激酶家族成员.PDK1磷酸化这些激酶的保守区域Tloop区,使它们充分激活,从而调节细胞代谢,生长,扩散,生存,抗凋亡等诸多生理过程.本文就PDK1调节AGC激酶的活性,与功能上命名的PDK2的关系,PDK1分子自身的调节,PH结构域对自身活性及AGC激酶活性的影响,PDK1定位以及作为一个新药物靶标等方面做了综述.  相似文献   

15.
3-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) operates in cells in response to phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] production by activating a number of AGC kinases, including protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt. Both PDK1 and PKB contain pleckstrin homology (PH) domains that interact with the PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 second messenger. Disrupting the interaction of the PDK1 PH domain with phosphoinositides by expressing the PDK1 K465E knock-in mutation resulted in mice with reduced PKB activation. We explored the physiological consequences of this biochemical lesion in the central nervous system. The PDK1 knock-in mice displayed a reduced brain size due to a reduction in neuronal cell size rather than cell number. Reduced BDNF-induced phosphorylation of PKB at Thr308, the PDK1 site, was observed in the mutant neurons, which was not rate limiting for the phosphorylation of those PKB substrates governing neuronal survival and apoptosis, such as FOXO1 or glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). Accordingly, the integrity of the PDK1 PH domain was not essential to support the survival of different embryonic neuronal populations analyzed. In contrast, PKB-mediated phosphorylation of PRAS40 and TSC2, allowing optimal mTORC1 activation and brain-specific kinase (BRSK) protein synthesis, was markedly reduced in the mutant mice, leading to impaired neuronal growth and differentiation.  相似文献   

16.
17.
PDK1 activates a group of kinases, including protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K), and serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (SGK), that mediate many of the effects of insulin as well as other agonists. PDK1 interacts with phosphoinositides through a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. To study the role of this interaction, we generated knock-in mice expressing a mutant of PDK1 incapable of binding phosphoinositides. The knock-in mice are significantly small, insulin resistant, and hyperinsulinemic. Activation of PKB is markedly reduced in knock-in mice as a result of lower phosphorylation of PKB at Thr308, the residue phosphorylated by PDK1. This results in the inhibition of the downstream mTOR complex 1 and S6K1 signaling pathways. In contrast, activation of SGK1 or p90 ribosomal S6 kinase or stimulation of S6K1 induced by feeding is unaffected by the PDK1 PH domain mutation. These observations establish the importance of the PDK1-phosphoinositide interaction in enabling PKB to be efficiently activated with an animal model. Our findings reveal how reduced activation of PKB isoforms impinges on downstream signaling pathways, causing diminution of size as well as insulin resistance.  相似文献   

18.
The serine-threonine protein kinases PDK1 and PKB each contain a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that binds the membrane-bound phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] second messenger and is required for PDK1-catalyzed phosphorylation and activation of PKB. While X-ray structures have been reported for the individual regulatory PH and catalytic kinase domain constructs of both PDK1 and PKB, diffraction quality crystals of full length constructs have yet to be obtained, likely due to conformational heterogeneity. In developing alternative approaches to understanding the potential role of conformational dynamics in regulating PKB phosphorylation by PDK1, an efficient in vitro method for protein trans-splicing was developed, which utilizes the N- and C-terminal split inteins of the gene dnaE from Nostoc punctiforme [(N)NpuDnaE] and Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 [(C)SspDnaE], respectively. For conjugating the regulatory PH domain to the catalytic kinase domain of PDK1, the recombinant trans-splicing fusion constructs KINASE(AEY)-(N)NpuDnaE-His6 and GST-His6-(C)SspDnaE-(CMN)PH were designed, PCR assembled, overexpressed, and affinity purified. The cross-reacting (N)NpuDnaE and (C)SspDnaE inteins generated full length spliced-PDK1 with kobs = (2.8 +/- 0.3) x 10(-5) s(-1) and with < or =5% of any competing trans-cleavage reactions. Spliced-PDK1 was efficiently purified to > or =95% homogeneity from the reaction mixture by subsequent His6 affinity and ion exchange chromatography steps. In vitro kinase assays and phosphopeptide mapping studies confirmed that spliced-PDK1 retained the ability to colocalize and selectively phosphorylate Thr-309 of PKBbeta in a PI(3,4,5)P3-dependent manner. The high-level production and reconstitution of functional spliced-PDK1 establishes the feasibility of incorporating domain-specific biophysical probes for spectroscopic studies of regulatory PH domain mediated catalytic specificity.  相似文献   

19.
We generated homozygous knockin ES cells expressing a form of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) with a mutation in its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that abolishes phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-tris-phosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) binding, without affecting catalytic activity. In the knockin cells, protein kinase B (PKB) was not activated by IGF1, whereas ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) was activated normally, indicating that PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binding to PDK1 is required for PKB but not RSK activation. Interestingly, amino acids and Rheb, but not IGF1, activated S6K in the knockin cells, supporting the idea that PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 stimulates S6K through PKB-mediated activation of Rheb. Employing PDK1 knockin cells in which either the PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binding or substrate-docking 'PIF pocket' was disrupted, we established the roles that these domains play in regulating phosphorylation and stabilisation of protein kinase C isoforms. Moreover, mouse PDK1 knockin embryos in which either the PH domain or PIF pocket was disrupted died displaying differing phenotypes between E10.5 and E11.5. Although PDK1 plays roles in regulating cell size, cells derived from PH domain or PIF pocket knockin embryos were of normal size. These experiments establish the roles of the PDK1 regulatory domains and illustrate the power of knockin technology to probe the physiological function of protein-lipid and protein-protein interactions.  相似文献   

20.
The products of PI 3-kinase activation, PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and its immediate breakdown product PtdIns(3,4)P2, trigger physiological processes, by interacting with proteins possessing pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. One of the best characterized PtdIns(3,4,5)P3/PtdIns(3,4)P2 effector proteins is protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt. PKB possesses a PH domain located at its N terminus, and this domain binds specifically to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2 with similar affinity. Following activation of PI 3-kinase, PKB is recruited to the plasma membrane by virtue of its interaction with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3/PtdIns(3,4)P2. PKB is then activated by the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent pro-tein kinase-1 (PDK1), which like PKB, possesses a PtdIns(3,4,5)P3/PtdIns(3,4)P2 binding PH domain. Here, we describe the high-resolution crystal structure of the isolated PH domain of PKB(alpha) in complex with the head group of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. The head group has a significantly different orientation and location compared to other Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 binding PH domains. Mutagenesis of the basic residues that form ionic interactions with the D3 and D4 phosphate groups reduces or abolishes the ability of PKB to interact with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2. The D5 phosphate faces the solvent and forms no significant interactions with any residue on the PH domain, and this explains why PKB interacts with similar affinity with both PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2.  相似文献   

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