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1.
EPG技术在昆虫学研究中的应用及进展   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
罗晨  岳梅  徐洪富  张芝利 《昆虫学报》2005,48(3):437-443
刺吸行为电图(electrical penetration graph, EPG) 技术在植食性刺吸式昆虫,如蚜虫、粉虱、叶蝉和蓟马等研究中的应用日益深入,尤其是对蚜虫和粉虱的研究,已涉及寄主专化性、植物的抗虫机制以及病毒传播等领域。该文从蚜虫和粉虱等典型的刺吸式昆虫入手,介绍EPG技术的研究进展和应用前景。  相似文献   

2.
刺吸电位技术(Electrical penetration graph,EPG)是用来记录刺吸式口器昆虫的口针在其寄主植物组织中刺探所引起的电信号变化特征的技术,其核心在于建立昆虫取食行为与EPG波形的对应关系。近年来,EPG技术在昆虫取食行为及其传毒行为,以及植物抗虫机制等研究中得到越来越广泛的应用。其中,昆虫固定是影响EPG电极连接成功与否的关键技术,进而影响EPG实验结果。本文以灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus(Fallén)为例,就EPG实验中电极连接时常用的3种昆虫固定技术(麻醉法、冷冻法和负压法)进行了详细描述与比较。研究结果表明,固定灰飞虱最优的方法为负压法,其次为麻醉法和冷冻法。  相似文献   

3.
我国刺吸电位技术三十年应用及创新   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刺吸电位技术(Electricalpenetrationgraph,EPG)是研究刺吸式昆虫取食行为的电生理仪器及其配套技术体系。我国从20世纪90年代开始将刺吸电位技术引入生物学和农业科学领域,主要应用于昆虫与植物的关系、植物抗性机理、昆虫传毒机理、转基因安全性评价、全球气候变化等方面,研究所涉及的昆虫种类包括半翅目的蚜虫、粉虱、叶蝉、飞虱、介虫、木虱和缨翅目的蓟马等。自2007年以来举办了5次全国性的EPG技术培训和研讨会,并对EPG仪器进行了创新设计,实现了EPG仪器的国产化,大部分消耗品(如金丝、银胶等)可以实现国内供应。人工饲料上的EPG记录、指标体系的优化等与EPG相配套的技术体系不断完善。目前我国主要是应用EPG技术进行各类农林相关刺吸式昆虫的研究,而在欧洲和美国,除农林害虫外,EPG近年来也开始应用于医学昆虫和畜牧昆虫方面的研究。欧美在波形库构建、仪器原理等方面比我们具有优势,我国今后应该加强在EPG仪器自动化和可视化、波形自动识别、指标体系完善等方面的工作,同时培养能够应用EPG的年轻一代,尝试将EPG应用到医学昆虫领域。  相似文献   

4.
对海南岛粉虱科昆虫进行调查研究,鉴定出粉虱科昆虫2亚科25属57种,包括中国4新纪录种和海南41新纪录种.记述了中国新纪录种:大戟刺粉虱Aleurocanthus euphorbiae Jesudasan&David、长刺粉虱Aleurocanthus longispinus Quaintance& Baker、三孔棒粉虱Aleuroclava tripori(Dubey& Sundararaj)和番荔枝褶粉虱Aleurotrachelus anonae Corbett的形态特征、寄主和分布.区系成份分析表明,海南已知粉虱物种主要为跨东洋和古北区分布种,其次为东洋区分布,少部分为跨多区分布种及世界广布种.确定了鉴定种中的重要粉虱害虫,包括柑橘粉虱Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead)、黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus(Quaintance)、螺旋粉虱Aleurodicus dispersus Russell、双钩巢粉虱Paraleyrodes pseudonaranjae Martin、烟粉虱Benisia tabaci(Gennadius)和番荔枝褶粉虱等在海南发生为害情况.  相似文献   

5.
彭露  严盈  万方浩  王进军 《昆虫知识》2010,47(5):1017-1020
以B型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)成虫为材料,介绍了一种微型刺吸式昆虫唾液酶鉴定和分析的方法,主要包括人工饲养、唾液收集、唾液多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)的鉴定与活性分析。结果显示,B型烟粉虱在特异性嗜好寄主甘蓝上分泌的多酚氧化酶与过氧化物酶的比活力分别为嗜好寄主番茄上的1.54和1.65倍。该方法操作简捷,鉴定结果直观清晰,酶活测定灵敏,适合于其他微型刺吸式昆虫如蚜虫、木虱等的唾液酶研究。  相似文献   

6.
黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus为茶园和柑桔园为害严重的粉虱种类之一.本文概述了黑剌粉虱在国内分布、寄主种类、发生与为害等,探讨了近年来生物防治在控制黑刺粉虱为害中的作用,包括寄生性天敌、捕食天敌及昆虫病原性真菌等的利用,以期为黑刺粉虱的综合治理提供参考.  相似文献   

7.
根据线粒体COI基因片段分析,柑橘黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance)种群和茶园黑刺粉虱种群之间的遗传距离(0.185-0.247)明显高于柑橘黑刺粉虱不同地理种群之间的遗传距离(0.002-0.076),也明显高于茶园黑刺粉虱不同地理种群之间的遗传距离(0-0.053)。由此推断柑橘黑刺粉虱和茶园黑刺粉虱属于黑刺粉虱的不同生物型,或不同种的Aleurocanthus属粉虱。地理距离和柑橘黑刺粉虱遗传距离具有较大的相关性,同类寄主专化型黑刺粉虱,岳阳洞庭湖区地理种群与其他地区地理种群遗传距离最远。长沙不同柑橘品种上的黑刺粉虱种群之间遗传距离小于0.01。  相似文献   

8.
通过在赣州开展为期2年的系统调查,明确了为害赣南脐橙的粉虱种类和发生动态。经鉴定,为害赣南脐橙的粉虱为柑橘粉虱Dialeurodes citri Ashmead和黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintance。2013年柑橘粉虱,黑刺粉虱卵、若虫、伪蛹、成虫数量平均密度分别为(7.61,6.67,5.45,47.43)头/叶(板),(3.84,2.84,1.82,31.80)头/叶(板);2014年柑橘粉虱,黑刺粉虱分别为(8.29,6.92,5.18,27.16)头/叶(板),(7.89,6.18,4.35,24.06)头/叶(板)。2013-2014年,两种粉虱发生数量较大,全年有多个发生高峰。柑橘粉虱和黑刺粉虱是赣南脐橙上的重要害虫,需加强防治工作,控制为害。  相似文献   

9.
多年来,似乎苏云金杆菌(BT)的短效毒素才是能进行抗虫植物基因工程的唯一蛋白。现在,情况已有所改变。英国的农业遗传学公司(AGC)相信,以前已知能杀死咀嚼害虫(如毛毛虫等)的毒性蛋白,用在防治吸汁昆虫上一样有效。吸汁型害虫每年使水稻、玉米、大麦和蔬菜的种植者损失数百万美元。 AGC与Durham大学合作,发现雪花莲属的一种植物的一种凝集素蛋白能高效防治水稻害虫“稻褐飞虱”(一种吸汁型昆虫)。 AGC发言人Tina Rogers说,这很可能破例证明吸汁型昆虫可以用蛋自来防治,从而为开发抗上述虫类的基因工程植物打开大门。吸汁型昆虫包括蚜虫、椰粉虱、飞虱以及其它侵食经济作物、传布病毒病的害虫。AGC在改造植物  相似文献   

10.
为摸清浙江地区梨树上粉虱类害虫种类,通过采集梨树上的粉虱伪蛹制作玻片标本后进行观察鉴定。通过形态学研究,共鉴定出梨树粉虱6属、8种,其中梨树寄主新记录种6种,分别为马氏粉虱 Aleurolobus marlatti (Quaintance)、杨梅粉虱 Parabemisia myricae Kuwana)、番石榴白棒粉虱 Aleuroclava psidii Singh、归亚瘤粉虱 Aleuroclava guyavae (Takahashi)、珊瑚瘤粉虱 Aleuroclava aucubae (Kuwana) 和山香圆平背粉虱 Crenidoresum turpiniae (Takahashi);还有发生相对严重的黑刺粉虱 Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance)和梣粉虱 Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday)。此外,根据其伪蛹特征编制了浙江地区梨树上粉虱分类检索表。研究标本保存在浙江农林大学昆虫标本室。研究结果将为梨树上的粉虱种类准确鉴定提供资料,也将为梨树粉虱害虫的防治提供科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
How do tissues hide themselves from the body's natural defense system? Anonymity is difficult to sustain in the blood stream. Almost all surfaces become tagged by polyionic molecules, such as proteins, within milliseconds of being exposed to plasma (which, after all, is an abundant source of animal glue). Both the tagging and the gluing are spontaneous events and result from the release of electrostatically bound water when ionic groups of the surface and the protein mutually satisfy their respective charges. The driving forces responsible for the spontaneity of the adsorption/gluing process are various attractive forces and the disordering of bound water leading to a gain in entropy. But suppose the surface of an intruder had no surface charges, causing it to resemble the surface of a slice of (bulk) water. The polyionic proteins would not find anything to tag, there is no entropy gain, there are no attractive interactions, and the interloper would be invisible.  相似文献   

12.
Haruna T  Gunji YP 《Bio Systems》2007,90(3):716-727
Two ideas in theoretical biology, ‘decomposition into functions’ and ‘gluing functions’, are formalized as endofunctors on the category of directed graphs. We prove that they constitute an adjunction. The invariant structures of the adjunction are obtained. They imply two biologically significant conditions: the existence of cycles in finite graphs and anticipatory diagrams.  相似文献   

13.
The study of eye movements and oculomotor disorders has, for four decades, greatly benefitted from the application of control theoretic concepts. This paper is an example of a complementary approach based on the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems. Recently, a nonlinear dynamics model of the saccadic system was developed, comprising a symmetric piecewise-smooth system of six first-order autonomous ordinary differential equations. A preliminary numerical investigation of the model revealed that in addition to generating normal saccades, it could also simulate inaccurate saccades, and the oscillatory instability known as congenital nystagmus (CN). By varying the parameters of the model, several types of CN oscillations were produced, including jerk, bidirectional jerk and pendular nystagmus. The aim of this study was to investigate the bifurcations and attractors of the model, in order to obtain a classification of the simulated oculomotor behaviours. The application of standard stability analysis techniques, together with numerical work, revealed that the equations have a rich bifurcation structure. In addition to Hopf, homoclinic and saddlenode bifurcations organised by a Takens-Bogdanov point, the equations can undergo nonsmooth pitchfork bifurcations and nonsmooth gluing bifurcations. Evidence was also found for the existence of Hopf-initiated canards. The simulated jerk CN waveforms were found to correspond to a pair of post-canard symmetry-related limit cycles, which exist in regions of parameter space where the equations are a slow-fast system. The slow and fast phases of the simulated oscillations were attributed to the geometry of the corresponding slow manifold. The simulated bidirectional jerk and pendular waveforms were attributed to a symmetry invariant limit cycle produced by the gluing of the asymmetric cycles. In contrast to control models of the oculomotor system, the bifurcation analysis places clear restrictions on which kinds of behaviour are likely to be associated with each other in parameter space, enabling predictions to be made regarding the possible changes in the oscillation type that may be observed upon changing the model parameters. The analysis suggests that CN is one of a range of oculomotor disorders associated with a pathological saccadic braking signal, and that jerk and pendular nystagmus are the most probable oscillatory instabilities. Additionally, the transition from jerk CN to bidirectional jerk and pendular nystagmus observed experimentally when the gaze angle or attention level is changed is attributed to a gluing bifurcation. This suggests the possibility of manipulating the waveforms of subjects with jerk CN experimentally to produce waveforms with an extended foveation period, thereby improving visual resolution.  相似文献   

14.
15.
A new behavioral assay is described for studying chemosensation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This assay presents three main characteristics: (1) the worm is restrained by gluing, preserving correlates of identifiable behaviors; (2) the amplitude and time course of the stimulus are controlled by the experimenter; and (3) the behavior is recorded quantitatively. We show that restrained C. elegans display behaviors comparable to those of freely moving worms. Moreover, the chemosensory response of wild-type glued animals to changes in salt concentration is similar to that of freely moving animals. This glued-worm assay was used to reveal new chemosensory deficits of the potassium channel mutant egl-2. We conclude that the glued worm assay can be used to study the chemosensory regulation of C. elegans behavior and how it is affected by neuronal or genetic manipulations.  相似文献   

16.
In species where females preferentially select the most colourful males, males may strategically invest in courtship and nuptial colour according to the presence of rivals. In this experimental study, we tested this in the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in which mature males exhibit carotenoid‐based red coloration to attract mates and defend their territories against male competitors. We challenged experimental males with either a red‐ornamented dummy male or a non‐ornamented dummy for five min per day in six‐d experimental trial, which was repeated twice during the breeding season. We found that the males presented with a coloured rival exhibited more frequent courtship behaviours (i.e. fanning and gluing) to females than those presented with a non‐coloured intruder during the second experimental trial. At the end of each trial, the experimental males also showed a significantly larger area of red coloration in the presence of a coloured intruder. Our findings suggest that male sticklebacks regulate mating effort according to the presence of competitive rivals by increasing their investment in costly signals when successful mating and territory defence is at risk.  相似文献   

17.
How do flies walk on the ceiling? Many functional solutions for adhering, gluing, and interlocking have evolved independently in different lineages of organisms. Since the diversity of such biological structures and their importance for understanding biology of particular organisms is large, there is a strong need for comparative structural and functional studies. This contribution summarises the original and literature data and proposes classification of biological attachment systems according to several principles. We show a biomimetic potential of studies on biological attachment devices for the further use in technological developments.  相似文献   

18.
In this paper we consider a three level food web subject to a disease affecting the bottom prey. The resulting dynamics is much richer with respect to the purely demographic model, in that it contains more transcritical bifurcations, gluing together the various equilibria, as well as persistent limit cycles, which are shown to be absent in the classical case. Finally, bistability is discovered among some equilibria, leading to situations in which the computation of their basins of attraction is relevant for the system outcome in terms of its biological implications.  相似文献   

19.
Additive manufacturing, also called 3D printing, is an effective method for preparing scaffolds with defined structure and porosity. The disadvantage of the technique is the excessive smoothness of the printed fibers, which does not support cell adhesion. In the present study, a 3D printed scaffold was combined with electrospun classic or structured nanofibers to promote cell adhesion. Structured nanofibers were used to improve the infiltration of cells into the scaffold. Electrospun layers were connected to 3D printed fibers by gluing, thus enabling the fabrication of scaffolds with unlimited thickness. The composite 3D printed/nanofibrous scaffolds were seeded with primary chondrocytes and tested in vitro for cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The experiment showed excellent cell infiltration, viability, and good cell proliferation. On the other hand, partial chondrocyte dedifferentiation was shown. Other materials supporting chondrogenic differentiation will be investigated in future studies.  相似文献   

20.
A new behavioral assay is described for studying chemosensation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This assay presents three main characteristics: (1) the worm is restrained by gluing, preserving correlates of identifiable behaviors; (2) the amplitude and time course of the stimulus are controlled by the experimenter; and (3) the behavior is recorded quantitatively. We show that restrained C. elegans display behaviors comparable to those of freely moving worms. Moreover, the chemosensory response of wild‐type glued animals to changes in salt concentration is similar to that of freely moving animals. This glued‐worm assay was used to reveal new chemosensory deficits of the potassium channel mutant egl‐2. We conclude that the glued worm assay can be used to study the chemosensory regulation of C. elegans behavior and how it is affected by neuronal or genetic manipulations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005  相似文献   

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