噬菌体展示技术体内筛选的研究进展

噬菌体展示技术体内筛选是直接将噬菌体肽库注射到动物体内,筛选与活体内某些器官或组织有特异结合活性的小肽。噬菌体展示技术的体内筛选在血管靶向肽的筛选、肿瘤组织靶向肽的筛选、免疫反应的研究和相关疾病治疗、监测方面都有广泛的应用前景。     

豆蔻酰转移酶的噬菌体展示抑制肽筛选研究

用固相柱筛库法和包被筛库法,从噬菌体展示的随机１５肽库中亲和结合筛选艾滋病、肿瘤等疾病相关酶－豆Ｋｏｕ酰转移酶的噬菌体展示抑制肽。在筛选得到亲和结合噬菌体后,用建立的体外豆Ｋｏｕ酰转移酶（ＮＭＴ）抑制活性分析系统,获得了１６个具有抑制ＮＭＴ活性作用的噬菌体展示抑制肽。通过ＤＮＡ序列测定、相应随机肽序列推定和序列联配等一系列分析,表明两种筛库方法所得抑制肽序列有重叠,并包含一个较为特征性的ＰＸ０．３     

直接用噬菌体肽进行功能性分析的研究

通过对胰蛋白酶抑制剂的筛选发现,噬菌体肽库不仅可以用于亲和性筛选,而且噬菌体肽可以直接用于对亲和筛选得到的克隆进行胰蛋白酶抑制实验,即所谓的功能性筛选。功能性筛选前后的测序结果表明用噬菌体肽直接进行功能筛选确定能够筛去大部分的非抑制剂克隆。     

直接用噬菌体肽进行功能性分析的研究

通过对胰蛋白酶抑制剂的筛选发现,噬菌体肽库不仅可以用于亲和性筛选,而且噬菌体肽（ｐｈａｇｅｐｅｐｔｉｄｅ——ｐｅｐｔｉｄｅｄｉｓｐｌａｙｉｎｇｏｎｐｈａｇｅ）可以直接用于对亲和筛选得到的克隆进行胰蛋白酶抑制实验,即所谓的功能性筛选．功能性筛选前后的测序结果表明用噬菌体肽直接进行功能性筛选确实能够筛去大部分的非抑制剂克隆．     

99mTc标记丝状噬菌体肽库及其在正常小鼠体内的分布

利用噬菌体展示技术已选出了多条与靶结合的肽.然而,即使是体内直接筛选得到的,肽与肿瘤或靶器官的体内结合并不理想.为了更好地理解噬菌体在体内的循环,通过MAG399mTc标记噬菌体肽库,研究了肽库在体内分布.体内分布实验结果显示,99mTc-噬菌体主要分布在肝和脾中,而心脏、肌肉、脑和胰腺这些器官或组织中的分布非常低.99mTc-噬菌体在胃、肠和骨中的累积,随着时间延长在不断升高,其他器官中的吸收则在不断降低.从5min到30min,99mTc-噬菌体在血中清除迅速.当噬菌体在体内循环足够长的时间后,一些噬菌体颗粒可以穿透血管进入并内化在器官或组织中.总之,为了筛选具有高特异性和亲和性的肽,应该根据靶器官和筛选部位的不同,在筛选前确定合适的噬菌体在体内的循环时间.     

脓毒症单核巨噬细胞特异性结合肽的筛选

利用噬菌体随机肽库展示技术,筛选出与脓毒症单核/巨噬细胞特异性结合的短肽,探索脓毒症治疗的新方法.分别以经过脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)处理的人外周血单核细胞株(THP-1)细胞作为筛选的靶细胞,以未经LPS处理的THP-1细胞作为非特异性噬菌体吸附细胞,对噬菌体随机环七肽库进行4轮“差减"筛选,经过细胞ELISA验证阳性噬菌体克隆,对获得的阳性克隆进行DNA测序及生物信息学分析,并进一步利用免疫荧光实验,鉴定噬菌体克隆与LPS处理THP-1细胞的结合特异性.4轮筛选后,随机挑取的噬菌体克隆,测序后得到可与LPS处理的THP-1细胞特异性结合肽.对去冗余后的七肽进行Clustal W多序列比对分析和BlastP蛋白同源相似性分析,细胞免疫荧光检测确定获得的噬菌体展示七肽可与LPS处理的THP-1细胞特异性结合.噬菌体随机肽库技术为脓毒症单核/巨噬细胞表面靶位的筛选提供了高效、快捷的筛选体系,实验获得的多肽基序具有高度保守性和细胞特异性,这些多肽的生物活性将是下一步的研究内容.     

脑膜炎大肠杆菌IbeA蛋白结合肽序列的亲和筛选

应用噬菌体展示肽库技术,以重组的脑膜炎大肠杆菌致病蛋白IbeA作为靶分子,经过吸附-洗脱-扩增-再吸附的亲和筛选,随机挑选亲和力强的噬菌体克隆,进行ELISA、竞争抑制实验和序列测定。结果显示,经3轮淘选后,间接ELISA鉴定得到高亲和性结合IbeA蛋白的15个阳性克隆。竞争抑制实验结果表明,游离IbeA蛋白能竞争抑制噬菌体结合肽克隆与固相包被的IbeA蛋白的结合,其抑制作用随游离IbeA蛋白浓度的降低而减弱。测序结果得到5种阳性噬菌体克隆展示肽序列。上述结果提示以脑膜炎大肠杆菌IbeA蛋白为靶筛选所获得的噬菌体12肽克隆,具有特异性,其结合肽序列呈现相对保守性。建立的从噬菌体随机肽库筛选IbeA蛋白结合肽的方法具有方便、灵活和高效可行的特点。     

噬菌体显示技术在短肽库中的应用现状

噬菌体显示技术是近年来出现的一种新技术、它是将外源蛋白通过与丝状噬菌体外壳蛋白融合而将外源蛋白表达于噬菌体颗粒的表达。该技术已经被广泛地应用于噬菌体短肽库的构建。由于该表达的短肽可以与其相应的结合分子相识别而发挥其生物活性,因而,噬菌体短肽库技术在分子间识别机理的研究,蛋白工程的改造以及药物的筛选、疫苗的研制等方面具有广泛应用前景。本综述了近年来噬菌体显示技术在短肽库中的应用进展。     

表位九肽库的构建及人Ⅳ型胶原酶特异结合肽的筛选

将人工合成的编码九肽的随机序列DNA片段克隆进丝状噬菌体表达载体FUSE5,经多次电击转化和表达,获得肽段与噬菌体pⅢ蛋白融合并展示在噬菌体表面的随机序列九肽表位肽库。库容量达10 10个克隆。以Ⅳ型胶原酶为靶蛋白,采用亲和纯化筛选模式,从中筛选出Ⅳ型胶原酶结合肽。进一步ELISA检测筛选出与Ⅳ型胶原酶特异结合的20个阳性克隆。序列分析发现一组肽含有WDXXD的共同序列,一组含有WVGXXR的共同序列。其中WDXXD的序列与Ⅳ型胶原酶单链抗体可变区序列同源。结果表明,多肽库是筛选蛋白特异结合肽的有力工具,表位九肽库的构建和筛选方法的建立为进一步应用筛选具有高亲和力的特异结合肽奠定了基础。     

从七肽噬菌体展示库中筛选内毒素结合蛋白质配基

目的:研究从噬茵体展示库中筛选内毒素结合蛋白质配基,为其在内毒素致病作用机理及在内毒素血症防治研究中的应用奠定基础.方法:以内毒素为靶分子从随机七肽噬菌体展示库中筛选内毒素的高亲和力噬菌体配体,通过ELISA鉴定,DNA测序及相关软件分析.结果:所筛选的亲和力最高的噬菌体的ELISA检测值A405nm可达1.965通过比较亲和性噬菌体外源插入肽的DNA序列,认为FHENWPS肽段中包含有与内毒素分子发生亲和结合的一个共有序列.该序列展示肽的等电点为5.36,具有双嗜性,这有利于肽与LPS分子表面的位点相互作用从而产生亲和吸附.结论:运用亲和筛选方法从肽库中筛选内毒素结合蛋白质配基是可行的.     

Biodistribution of filamentous phage peptide libraries in mice

In vivo phage display is a new approach to acquire peptide molecules that bind stably to a given target. Phage peptide display libraries have been selected in mice and humans and numerous vasculature-targeting peptides have been reported. However, in vivo phage display has not typically produced molecules that extravasate to target specific organ or tumor antigens. Phage selections in animals have been performed for very short times without optimization for biodistribution or clearance rates to a particular organ. It is hypothesized that peptides that home to a desired antigen/organ can be obtained from in vivo phage experiments by optimization of incubation times, phage extraction and propagation procedures. To accomplish this goal, one must first gain a better understanding of the in vivo biodistribution and rate of clearance of engineered phage peptide display libraries. While the fate of wild type phage in rodents has been reported, the in vivo biodistribution of the commonly used engineered fd-tet M13 phage peptide display libraries (such as in the fUSE5 vector system) have not been well established. Here we report the biodistribution and clearance properties of fd-tet fifteen amino acid random peptide display libraries in fUSE5 phage in three common mouse models employed for drug discovery - CF-1, nude, and SCID mice.     

噬菌体展示技术发展

噬菌体表面展示技术是一种将外源蛋白或抗体可变区与噬菌体表面特定蛋白质融合并展示于其表面,构建蛋白质或抗体库,并从中筛选特异蛋白质或抗体的基因工程技术。随着该项技术的不断完善和发展,噬菌体展示技术已被广泛应用于生命科学研究的不同领域,并显示了良好的应用前景。     

噬菌体展示技术发展

噬菌体表面展示技术是一种将外源蛋白或抗体可变区与噬菌体表面特定蛋白质融合并展示于其表面,构建蛋白质或抗体库,并从中筛选特异蛋白质或抗体的基因工程技术。随着该项技术的不断完善和发展,噬菌体展示技术已被广泛应用于生命科学研究的不同领域,并显示了良好的应用前景。     

Screening of tumor-targeting peptides for diagnosis and therapy through phage display technology

Phage display technology was introduced by G. Smith in 1985, which is highly effective in the selection of affinity peptides from a library containing billions of display peptides. The obtained peptides show potential efficacy in the development of further clinical applications, especially in tumor treatment. In this review, the basic principles, limits, developments of phage display technology and peptide libraries are introduced. Following that, the amino acid sequence of tumor target peptides for hematological and other systems are discussed. Finally, the application of target peptides in the design of imaging probes and the development of target peptide drugs for diagnosis and therapy are noted.     

噬菌体展示技术及其在肿瘤研究中的应用

噬菌体表面展示技术是一项特异性多肽或蛋白的筛选技术,它将随机序列的多肽或蛋白片段与噬菌体衣壳蛋白融合表达而呈现于病毒表面,被展示的多肽能保持相对独立的空间结构,使其能够与配体作用而达到模仿性筛选特异性分子表位,从而提供了高通量高效率的筛选系统。近年来噬菌体展示技术已广泛应用于肿瘤抗原抗体库的建立、单克隆抗体制备、多肽筛选、疫苗研制、肿瘤相关抗原筛选和抗原表位研究、药物设计、癌症检测和诊断、基因治疗及细胞信号转导研究等。就近年来噬菌体展示技术在肿瘤相关研究中的运用作以综述。     

Phage display: Concept,innovations, applications and future

Phage display is the technology that allows expression of exogenous (poly)peptides on the surface of phage particles. The concept is simple in principle: a library of phage particles expressing a wide diversity of peptides is used to select those that bind the desired target. The filamentous phage M13 is the most commonly used vector to create random peptide display libraries. Several methods including recombinant techniques have been developed to increase the diversity of the library. On the other extreme, libraries with various biases can be created for specific purposes. For instance, when the sequence of the peptide that binds the target is known, its affinity and selectivity can be increased by screening libraries created with limited mutagenesis of the peptide. Phage libraries are screened for binding to synthetic or native targets. The initial screening of library by basic biopanning has been extended to column chromatography including negative screening and competition between selected phage clones to identify high affinity ligands with greater target specificity. The rapid isolation of specific ligands by phage display is advantageous in many applications including selection of inhibitors for the active and allosteric sites of the enzymes, receptor agonists and antagonists, and G-protein binding modulatory peptides. Phage display has been used in epitope mapping and analysis of protein-protein interactions. The specific ligands isolated from phage libraries can be used in therapeutic target validation, drug design and vaccine development. Phage display can also be used in conjunction with other methods. The past innovations and those to come promise a bright future for this field.     

Selection Dynamic of Escherichia coli Host in M13 Combinatorial Peptide Phage Display Libraries

Phage display relies on an iterative cycle of selection and amplification of random combinatorial libraries to enrich the initial population of those peptides that satisfy a priori chosen criteria. The effectiveness of any phage display protocol depends directly on library amino acid sequence diversity and the strength of the selection procedure. In this study we monitored the dynamics of the selective pressure exerted by the host organism on a random peptide library in the absence of any additional selection pressure. The results indicate that sequence censorship exerted by Escherichia coli dramatically reduces library diversity and can significantly impair phage display effectiveness.     

噬菌体展示技术研究进展

噬菌体表面展示技术是一种将外源蛋白或抗体可变区与噬菌体表面特定蛋白质融合并展示于其表面,构建蛋白质或抗体库,并从中筛选特异蛋白质或抗体的基因工程技术。介绍这一技术的原理、相关展示系统以及在蛋白质相互作用的研究,抗体及疫苗的制备、多肽药物的研制等方面的应用潜力和独特的优点。     

Peptide mimotopes of complex carbohydrates in Salmonella enterica serovar typhi which react with both carbohydrate-specific monoclonal antibody and polyclonal sera from typhoid patients

Polyclonal sera from typhoid patients and a monoclonal antibody, mAb ATVi, which recognizes the capsular polysaccharide Vi antigen (ViCPS), were used to select for peptides that mimic the ViCPS by using a phage-displayed random 12-mer peptide library. Two major common mimotopes selected from the library carried the amino acid sequences TSHHDSHGLHRV and ENHSPVNIAHKL. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) showed that these peptides carry mimotopes to ViCPS. Phage clones that contained the 12-mer peptides were also tested against pooled/individual typhoid patients' sera and found to have 3 to 5 times higher binding compared to normal sera. By using Phage-ELISA assays, the derived synthetic peptides, TSHHDSHGLHRV and ENHSPVNIAHKL, were tested against a monoclonal antibody mAb ATVi and over 2-fold difference in binding was found between these peptides and a control unrelated peptide, CTLTTKLYC. Inhibition of the mAb's binding to ViCPS indicated that the synthetic peptides successfully competed with the capsular polysaccharide for antibody binding.     

Selection of novel ligands from phage display libraries: an alternative approach to drug and vaccine discovery?

Phage display involves the production and screening of large numbers of random peptide sequences of a specific length expressed on the surface of phage particles. This approach provides a powerful tool to probe the molecular basis of many biological processes, including host-parasite interactions. Phage display libraries have been used to study the binding specificity of numerous peptides and protein domains. Practical applications include the identification of peptide sequences that bind with high affinity to antibodies, enzymes or receptors, and that may serve as diagnostics and vaccine or drug candidates. Here, David Jefferies outlines the concept of phage display and summarizes recent developments in the field, with emphasis on those that may be of interest to parasitologists.