共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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以转基因抗除草剂油菜Q3为花粉供体材料,油菜远缘杂草为花粉受体材料,在自然传粉和人工辅助授粉条件下研究甘蓝型油菜与十字花科杂草间的基因漂移频率。结果表明,以转基因油菜为父本,十字花科杂草荠菜、碎米荠、播娘蒿、诸葛菜、风花菜、遏蓝菜和菜为母本,杂交高度不亲和,基因漂移率为0 % ,无生态风险,但对野芥菜的基因漂移率高达0 .885 %。野芥菜是我国大部分地区的常见杂草,种类繁多,分布范围广,大面积种植转基因抗除草剂油菜对野生芥菜的基因污染应引起高度重视。 相似文献
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基因工程技术在选育抗除草剂作物品种中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基因工程技术在选育抗除草剂作物品种中的应用赵彬(浙江农业大学农学系,杭州310029)应用除草剂除草具有高效、省工、增产等优点。它是大幅度提高劳动生产率,实现农业机械化、现代化必不可少的一项技术。除草剂必须识别作物和杂草,才能在农田中安全有效地使用。... 相似文献
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除草剂与抗除草剂作物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从本世纪40年代发展用2,4-D作除草剂以来,使世界农业传统的耕作制度发生了根本的变革。杂草及其防除科学走在“绿色革命”的最前沿。50年来,化学除草剂的发展为世界农业收成作出了重要贡献。除草剂在农药中所占的比重也越 相似文献
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为给转基因抗除草剂水稻和稗草间的基因漂移研究提供必要的信息,探寻了无芒稗(Echinochloacrusgalli var.mitis)花粉活力及其测定的最佳方法,并利用该方法测定了无芒稗开花盛期后离体和活体条件下不同时间的花粉活力。结果表明无芒稗开花盛期取样离体条件下花粉活力下降较快,3 h后花粉活力只有5.41%,活体条件下花粉活力下降较慢,3 h后仍有17.31%的花粉有活力。这说明无芒稗花粉在水稻开花时仍有部分保持活力,因而存在潜在的基因漂移可能性。同时用最佳培养基法测定了不同条件处理下(紫外灯照射,反复冻融,黑暗放置)无芒稗花粉活力,结果表明无芒稗花粉在不利环境条件下活力难以保持。 相似文献
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表达barstar基因及bar基因的转基因油菜的研究 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
从细菌Bacilusamyloliquefaciens染色体DNA中克隆了barnase抑制剂barstar的基因,构建了带有TA-29基因5′调控区(-1300-+3)与barstar基因编码区、CaMV35S启动子与除草剂抗性基因bar两个表达框架的植物表达质粒pBBS。以“双低”油菜“5-4”的子叶柄为受体,通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化,获得了在含有10mg/L卡那霉素和20mg/LPPT的筛选培养基上再生的转基因植株。PCR分析结果表明,barstar基因已整合到油菜染色体上;Northernblot检测表明,barstar基因及bar基因在转基因植物中得到了正确的调控与表达。以转基因油菜“5-4”为父本授粉给表达barnase基因的雄性不育植株,不育株能正常结实。 相似文献
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转基因水稻外源基因的漂移研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
转基因水稻基因漂移可能带来环境安全性问题。利用农杆菌介导,把hpt基因转化水稻品种,通过后代筛选,以稳定遗传的含单拷贝转化株系为转基因花粉供体材料,研究转基因水稻向非转基因水稻不育系和常规稻(花粉受体)的外源基因漂移频率。结果表明,相邻种植时转基因水稻向雄性不育系品种的漂移频率为31.74%。随距离的增加漂移频率明显下降,在26m处仍能够检测到含外源基因个体的存在,并且在距离4m处出现一个漂移频率的升高;转基因水稻向常规品种的漂移频率则明显低于不育系,一般在2.0%以下,随距离的增加也呈现下降的趋势,在18m处开始无法检测到含外源基因的个体。 相似文献
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Within-population variation in hybridisation and transgene transfer between wild Brassica rapa and Brassica napus in the UK 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Several studies in Europe and North America have shown that cultivated Brassica napus will readily hybridise with wild Brassica rapa but at widely different frequencies. To understand the implications of this phenomenon with regard to transgene flow, we examined the rate at which cultivated B. napus cv. Westar containing a capsid (coat protein, CP)‐coding sequence from Turnip mosaic virus (Potyvirus) hybridised under glasshouse conditions with wild B. rapa from Culham, in Oxfordshire, UK. We found that the hybridisation rate, as judged using simple sequence repeat (SSR)‐PCR and primer oligonucleotides specific for either the C or the A genomes in progeny from individual crosses varied from 5% to 100%. In hybrids (F1 progeny), transgene transfer was always observed (inferred by SSR‐PCR) when hybrids were detected. Our observations revealed a hitherto unrecorded source of variability in transgene flow to wild UK B. rapa. 相似文献
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自1996年第1例转基因作物在美国商业化种植, 其在全球的种植面积一直处于持续、快速增长的趋势。2010年, 全球转基因作物种植总面积达1.48×108 hm2, 所种植的转基因作物主要是耐除草剂和抗虫作物, 其中耐除草剂作物占种植总面积的81%。耐除草剂作物的种植为杂草的高效控制提供了新的手段, 但其可能带来的生态环境风险也引起了全世界各国的广泛关注和争议。该文在总结归纳前人研究的基础上, 针对耐除草剂作物的基因漂移、杂草化及对生物多样性的影响等当前人们普遍关注的环境风险问题, 系统讨论了相关的风险评价程序和方法, 概括和分析了当前耐除草剂作物的环境风险研究进展和管理措施, 以期为我国转基因耐除草剂作物的开发、风险评价及管理提供依据。 相似文献
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Wilkinson MJ Davenport IJ Charters YM Jones AE Allainguillaume J Butler HT Mason DC Raybould AF 《Molecular ecology》2000,9(7):983-991
One of the major environmental concerns over genetically modified (GM) crops relates to transgene movement into wild relatives. The pattern of hybridization ultimately affects the scale and rapidity of ecological change and the feasibility of containment. A new procedure for quantifying hybrid formation over large areas is described. Remote sensing was used to identify possible sites of sympatry between Brassica napus and its progenitor species across 15 000 km2 of south-east England in 1998. Two sympatric populations with B. rapa and one with B. oleracea were found over the entire survey area. Every newly recruited plant in these populations in 1999 was screened for hybrid status using flow cytometry and molecular analyses. One hybrid was observed from the 505 plants screened in the B. rapa populations but none of the nine B. oleracea recruits were hybrids. Measures to minimize gene flow are suggested, and a procedure for the post-release evaluation and containment of GM cultivars is proposed. 相似文献
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NIGEL G HALFORD 《The Annals of applied biology》2004,145(1):17-24
Genetically modified (GM) crops have been in use commercially around the world for almost a decade. This review covers the successes and failures of GM crop varieties in that time, the current status of GM crop adoption and the traits that are being used. It also describes some of the GM crops that might come on to the market in the next decade. The barriers in the way of GM crop development in Europe, including consumer hostility, the difficulty in gaining official approval and discriminatory labelling laws are discussed. 相似文献
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Cruciferin (12S globulin) is a large, neutral, oligomeric protein synthesized in rapeseed ( Brassica napus ) during the seed development. It is composed of six subunit pairs. Each pair consists of one heavy α chain (30 kDa) and one light β chain (20 kDa). Four different subunit pairs exist. In contrast to earlier studies, our investigations using two-dimensional electrophoresis showed, that the majority of α and β chains of each subunit are disulfide-linked. Analysis of subunit composition of cruciferin hexamers by ion-exchange chromatography suggested that a large array of hexamers exist, composed of mixed combinations of the four subunits. 相似文献
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与油菜细胞质雄性不育相关的DNA位点和育性恢复基因的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)在油菜杂交种子生产中具有重要的意义.文章主要从目前已发现的与油菜CMS相关的线粒体DNA位点,育性恢复基因对CMS相关DNA位点表达的影响,育性恢复基因的分子标记定位和育性恢复基因的克隆4个方面综述了近年来油菜CMS的研究进展.并就该领域今后的研究方向进行了探讨. 相似文献