共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
华蟹甲草对几种植物病原真菌的离体抗菌活性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从华蟹甲草共获得46个提取、分离样品,首先测定这些样品在100 mg/L浓度下对5种植物病原真菌菌丝生长的抑制活性,然后测定活性较高的Y-S16/23~90/96号样品对9种真菌菌丝生长的有效抑制中浓度(EC50)以及对辣椒炭疽病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用.结果表明:对于华蟹甲草的不同组织器官,花提取物的活性相对最高,对供试的5种植物病原菌均有不同程度的抑制活性,其次是叶片提取物,但均是对辣椒炭疽病菌的活性最高;而在所有样品中,Y-S16/23~90/96号样品的活性最高,在100 mg/L浓度下对辣椒炭疽病菌和番茄灰霉病菌的菌丝生长抑制率均超过50%,其作用谱较广,对供试的9种植物病原真菌均有抑制活性,其中对番茄灰霉病菌和辣椒炭疽病菌的活性最高,EC50分别为68.96和99.17 mg/L,对黄瓜疫霉病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、玉米小斑病菌等3个病菌的活性次之,EC50介于137.37~161.68 mg/L之间,对水稻稻瘟病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌、苹果斑点落叶病菌、小麦赤霉病菌等4个病菌的活性相对较差,EC50介于303.05~362.54 mg/L之间;Y-S16/23~90/96号样品对辣椒炭疽病菌分生孢子萌发的抑制活性较低. 相似文献
2.
昆虫病原真菌在自然环境中对害虫数量起着抑制作用,在害虫的微生物防治中也占有独特的地位。长期以来,在应用昆虫病原真菌防治人畜害虫方面研究进展较为缓慢,六十年代以来才有较大的发展。本文介绍了近十年的发展概况,并讨论了影响这个研究领域迅速发展的原因及病原真菌在生物防治中应用的潜力。认为尽管至今对这类真菌了解还较少,但通过今后加强有关方面的研究工作,其应用前景是广阔的。 相似文献
3.
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)叶、小枝、球果和种子4个不同部位乙醇提取物对21种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。结果显示:(1)在供试浓度为50g/L(相当于干样)时,侧柏各部位乙醇提取物对4种供试植物病原真菌均具有较好抑制作用,其中侧柏叶提取物的抑菌效果最好,对供试葡萄白腐病菌(Conio-thyrium diplodiella)、葡萄黑痘病菌(Elsinoe ampelina)、番茄绵腐病菌(Phytophthora melongenae)和青霉病菌(Penicilliu mexpansum)的EC50分别为:5.424、3.186、8.913和19.000g/L。(2)侧柏叶乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取物和乙酸乙酯萃取物抑菌活性均较好,在供试浓度为0.5g/L时,石油醚萃取物对苹果腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)和葡萄黑痘病菌(E.ampelina)的抑菌率分别为80.35%和60.23%;乙酸乙酯萃取物对以上2种植物病原菌的抑菌率分别为81.88%和64.06%。结果表明:侧柏叶、小枝、球果和种子乙醇提取物均具有一定抑菌活性,叶乙醇提取物的活性最好,活性成分主要集中在石油醚萃取物和乙酸乙酯萃取物中。 相似文献
4.
11种植物精油对6种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为筛选有效的植物杀菌成分,采用菌丝生长法,测定了香茅油、薰衣草油、菊花油、月桂油、柠檬油、广藿香油、肉桂油、天竺葵油、迷迭香油、茶树油、薄荷油对6种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。发现在2 g/L的浓度下,上述11种精油对6种供试病菌均有明显的抑制作用,其中香茅油、肉桂油、天竺葵油、月桂油、茶树油和薄荷油对6种病原真菌的抑制率均为100%。剂量效应试验表明,肉桂油对灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)和禾谷镰孢菌(Fusariumgraminearum)的EC50值分别为29.05μg/mL和42.96μg/mL,而天竺葵油对灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)和禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)的EC50值分别为34.02μg/mL和68.48μg/mL。 相似文献
5.
壳聚糖对几种植物病原真菌的作用 总被引:19,自引:2,他引:19
在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂 ( PDA)上测定了酸溶性壳聚糖 ( S- )和 2种水溶性壳聚糖 ( S- 和 S- )对 15种植物病原真菌的作用 ,结果表明 ,三种壳聚糖对供试的 15种植物病原真菌均有一定程度的抑制作用 ,抑制强度因壳聚糖的理化性质以及不同的病原真菌而有较大差异。水溶性壳聚糖 S- 可明显抑制水稻恶苗病菌分生孢子的萌发。壳聚糖的抑菌作用机制与其增加菌丝细胞膜的透性有关。 相似文献
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7.
40种杂草的丙酮提取物对3种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在离体条件下研究了40种杂草的丙酮提取物对辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici Leonian)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporium Schl.)和灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea Pets.)3种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性.结果表明,有7种杂草的丙酮提取物至少对1种供试病原菌的抑制率在60%以上.其中,黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)、苍耳(Xanthiumsibiricum Patrin)和荔枝草(Salvia plebeia R. Br.)的丙酮提取物对3种病原菌的抑制率都在60%以上;鳢肠(Ecliptaprostrata L.)的丙酮提取物对辣椒疫霉和尖孢镰刀霉的抑制率在60%以上;车前(Plantago asiatica L.)、夏至草[Lagopsis supina(Steph.)IK.-Gal.]和泽漆(Euphorbia helioscopia L.)的丙酮提取物对灰葡萄孢的抑菌效果较好. 相似文献
9.
为筛选有效的植物杀菌成分,采用菌丝生长法,测定了香茅油、薰衣草油、菊花油、月桂油、柠檬油、广藿香油、肉桂油、天竺葵油、迷迭香油、茶树油、薄荷油对6种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。发现在2 g/L的浓度下,上述11种精油对6种供试病菌均有明显的抑制作用,其中香茅油、肉桂油、天竺葵油、月桂油、茶树油和薄荷油对6种病原真菌的抑制率均为100%。剂量效应试验表明,肉桂油对灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)和禾谷镰孢菌(Fusariumgraminearum)的EC50值分别为29.05μg/mL和42.96μg/mL,而天竺葵油对灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)和禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)的EC50值分别为34.02μg/mL和68.48μg/mL。 相似文献
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《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2019,29(20):126661
To study the novel functionalized heterocyclic molecules with highly potential biological activity, two series of heterocyclic lactam derivatives containing the piperonyl moiety were designed and synthesized. The newly obtained compounds have been identified on the basis of analytical spectral data, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS. The target compounds were evaluated for their potential antifungal activities in vitro against twelve species of the plant pathogen fungi (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Rap Sclerotinia stemrot, Fusarium graminearum, Phomopsis adianticola, Pestallozzia theae, Pestalotiopsis guepinii, Alternaria tenuis Nees, Monilinia fructicola, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytophthora capsici, Magnaporthe oryzae). Preliminary bioassays suggested that all prepared compounds I1–14 displayed broad-spectrum and moderate antifungal activities compared with the positive control hymexazol, especially for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rap Sclerotinia stemrot, and Monilinia fructicola. In particular, the inhibition rate of compound I9 exhibited good inhibition activity reached 95.16% against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and compounds I5, I12 against Phytophthora capsici were 93.44%, 91.25%. Further studies revealed that compounds I5 (IC50 = 19.13 µM) and I12 (IC50 = 9.12 µM) exhibited obviously antifungal activities against Phytophthora capsici, which were better than that of commercial agricultural fungicide hymexazol (IC50 = 325.45 µM). Therefore, these target compounds could be further studied and explored as a lead skeleton for discovery of novel antifungal agents. 相似文献
12.
Fatimah Al-Otibi Shahad A. Alfuzan Raedah I. Alharbi Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar Rana M. AL-Otaibi Hajar F. Al Subaie Nadine M.S. Moubayed 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2022,29(4):2772-2781
The green silver nanoparticles (green AgNPs) exhibit an exceptional antimicrobial property against different microbes, including bacteria and fungi. The current study aimed to compare the antifungal activities of both the crude aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea or different preparations of green AgNPs biosynthesized by mixing that aqueous extract with silver nitrate (AgNO3). Two preparations of the green AgNPs were synthesized either by mixing the aqueous extract of P. oleracea with silver nitrate (AgNO3) (normal AgNPs) or either irradiation of the AgNPs, previously prepared, under 60Co γ-ray using chitosan (gamma-irradiated AgNPs). Characterization of different AgNPs were tested by Zeta potential analyzer, Ultraviolet (UV) Visible Spectroscopy, and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Three different plant pathogenic fungi were tested, Curvularia spicifera, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Bipolaris sp. The antifungal activities were evaluated by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) for either the crude aqueous extract of P. oleracea at three doses (25%, 50%, and 100%) or the newly biosynthesized AgNPs, normal or gamma-irradiated. With a few exceptions, the comparative analysis revealed that the irradiated green AgNPs at all three concentrations showed a relatively stronger antifungal effect than the normal AgNPs against all the three selected fungal strains. UV–visible spectroscopy of both preparations showed surface plasmon resonance at 421 nm. TEM results showed that both AgNPs were aggregated and characterized by a unique spherical shape, however, the gamma-irradiated AgNPs were smaller than the non-irradiated AgNPs (0.007–0.026 µM vs. 0.009–0.086 µM). TEM photographs of the fungal strains treated with the two AgNPs preparations showed flaccid structures, condensed hyphae, and shrunken surface compared with control cells. The data suggested that the biosynthesized P. oleracea AgNPs have antifungal properties against C. spicifera, M. phaseolina, and Bipolaris sp. These AgNPs may be considered a fungicide to protect different plants against phytopathogenic fungi. 相似文献
13.
应用PCR方法检测油菜菌核病菌对多菌灵的抗药性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过保守的寡核苷酸引物B1/B3扩增出油菜菌核病菌MBCHR和MBCS菌株的部分β-微管蛋白基因,结果发现编码的198位氨基酸由Glu(GAG)突变为Ala(GCG),表现高水平抗药性。根据MBCHR菌株的突变设计2个快速检测方法:第一种方法是根据MBCHR菌株197和198位密码子(GACGAG→GACGCG)形成ThaI酶切位点(3’CGCG 5’),将B1/B3的扩增产物874bp片段酶切成193bp和681bp片段,而MBCS菌株的PCR产物不被酶切;第二种方法用198位突变密码子作为3’末端碱基设计2个等位基因特异性寡核苷酸引物(ASO)用于“nested”PCR或直接从基因组DNA扩增。通过PCR扩增和ThaI酶切能直接检测油菜菌核病菌的MBCHR和MBCS菌株,所得结果与传统菌落直径法相吻合。 相似文献
14.
通过保守的寡核苷酸引物B1/B3扩增出油菜菌核病菌MBCHR和MBCS菌株的部分β-微管蛋白基因,结果发现编码的198位氨基酸由Glu(GAG)突变为Ala(GCG),表现高水平抗药性。根据MBCHR菌株的突变设计2个快速检测方法:第一种方法是根据MBCHR菌株197和198位密码子(GACGAG→GACGCG)形成ThaI酶切位点(3’CGCG 5’),将B1/B3的扩增产物874bp片段酶切成193bp和681bp片段,而MBCS菌株的PCR产物不被酶切;第二种方法用198位突变密码子作为3’末端碱基设计2个等位基因特异性寡核苷酸引物(ASO)用于“nested”PCR或直接从基因组DNA扩增。通过PCR扩增和ThaI酶切能直接检测油菜菌核病菌的MBCHR和MBCS菌株,所得结果与传统菌落直径法相吻合。 相似文献
15.
Sivaprasad G Perumal PT Prabavathy VR Mathivanan N 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2006,16(24):6302-6305
A series of pyrazolylbisindole derivatives have been synthesized by reacting substituted pyrazole aldehydes with substituted indoles using phosphotungstic acid, a Keggin type heteropoly acid as catalyst. The synthesized pyrazolylbisindoles were evaluated for anti-microbial activities. The effect of pyrazolylbisindoles on the mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi is revealed. Entries 3c and 3d emerged as the most interesting compounds in this series exhibiting excellent anti-fungal activity. 相似文献
16.
芦竹内生真菌F0238对植物病原菌的拮抗作用 总被引:17,自引:2,他引:17
从黄海海岸低盐药用植物芦竹(Arundo donax L.)中分离得到木霉属的内生真菌F0238,对其进行拮抗植物病原菌活性及作用机制的试验研究。结果表明F0238发酵液对Botrytis cinerea,Sclerotium rolfsii等8种植物病原菌有强的抑菌活性及抑制孢子萌发作用,且这种作用在发酵原液被稀释了160倍后仍然存在;对峙培养试验表明F0238菌对植物病原菌有很强的拮抗作用,拮抗机制主要为重寄生作用、营养竞争作用及抗生作用等。 相似文献
17.
《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2020,27(10):2818-2828
Many Plant extracts had proved a potential antifungal activity against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of the aqueous extracts of Rumex vesicarius L. and Ziziphus spina-christi (L) Desf. against some fungal species. The effect on growth inhibition, conidia germination, sporogenesis, morphological, and ultrastructural characterizations of fungal growth by scanning and transmission electron microscopes, have been investigated. Both plant extracts exhibited an antifungal activity against Fusarium, Helminthosporium, Alternaria, and Rhizoctonia species, besides, the sporogenesis of Alternaria and Fusarium species was suppressed. Both plants induced severe morphological changes in the hyphal shape and surface. We concluded that the aqueous extracts of these plants had strong antifungal activities. More investigations should be performed to evaluate the possible applications in agriculture and in vivo. 相似文献
18.
Keiichi Motohashi Shigeki Inaba Kozue Anzai Susumu Takamatsu Chiharu Nakashima 《Mycoscience》2009,50(4):291-302
Although the genus concept of Phyllosticta s. str. (teleomorph: Guignardia) as defined by van der Aa is widely accepted, the species concept is still controversial because it is often based on the
morphology on host plants. In this study, the culture characteristics within Phyllosticta s.str. were examined, and the phylogenetic relationships among Japanese species of Phyllosticta s.str. and its teleomorph Guignardia were analyzed using 18S rDNA sequences. Phyllosticta s. str. formed a monophyletic clade. ITS-28S rDNA sequences extracted from fungal cultures derived from various host plants
were divided into two subgroups. The first group included cultures from a wide range of host plants and were mainly derived
as endophytes from a symptom-less plant. In the second group, cultures from each host plant genus formed distinct clades;
these were often isolated as leaf pathogens from diverse plants. Isolates belonging to the first lineage generally grew faster
on oatmeal agar. To classify species of Phyllosticta it is necessary to consider an integrated approach such as molecular phylogeny, host plant, colony growth, symptoms, and
morphological characteristics of the conidiomata. 相似文献
19.
Mohamed T. El-Saadony Ahmed M. Saad Taha F. Taha Azhar A. Najjar Nidal M. Zabermawi Maha M. Nader Synan F. AbuQamar Khaled A. El-Tarabily Ali Salama 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(12):6782-6794
The current study was performed to develop a simple, safe, and cost-effective technique for the biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from human breast milk with antifungal activity against animal pathogenic fungi. The LAB was selected based on their speed of transforming sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) to SeNPs. Out of the four identified LAB isolates, only one strain produced dark red color within 32 h of incubation, indicating that this isolate was the fastest in transforming Na2SeO3 to SeNPs; and was chosen for the biosynthesis of LAB-SeNPs. The superior isolate was further identified as Lactobacillus paracasei HM1 (MW390875) based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and phylogenetic tree analysis of 16S rRNA sequence alignments. The optimum experimental conditions for the biosynthesis of SeNPs by L. paracasei HM1 were found to be pH (6.0), temperature (35˚C), Na2SeO3 (4.0 mM), reaction time (32 h), and agitation speed (160 rpm). The ultraviolet absorbance of L. paracasei-SeNPs was detected at 300 nm, and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) captured a diameter range between 3.0 and 50.0 nm. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided a clear image of the active groups associated with the stability of L. paracasei-SeNPs. The size of L. paracasei-SeNPs using dynamic light scattering technique was 56.91 ± 1.8 nm, and zeta potential value was −20.1 ± 0.6 mV in one peak. The data also revealed that L. paracasei-SeNPs effectively inhibited the growth of Candida and Fusarium species, and this was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The current study concluded that the SeNPs obtained from L. paracasei HM1 could be used to prepare biological antifungal formulations effective against major animal pathogenic fungi. The antifungal activity of the biologically synthesized SeNPs using L. paracasei HM1 outperforms the chemically produced SeNPs. In vivo studies showing the antagonistic effect of SeNPs on pathogenic fungi are underway to demonstrate the potential of a therapeutic agent to treat animals against major infectious fungal diseases. 相似文献