几种细胞因子对HSV—1感染单核巨噬细胞的影响

以ＨＳＶ－１接种人单核细胞系Ｕ９３７和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，并在接种前后分别以不同的细胞因子处理，经病毒滴定，免疫荧光试验检测病毒抗原及多聚酶链反应技术检测病毒基因研究了细胞因子对ＨＳＶ－１感染单核巨噬细胞的影响。结果证实，ＴＮＰ－α５０ｕ／ｍＬ，Ｍ－ＣＳＦ２００ｕ／ｍＬ，ＩＦＮ－γ１０００ｕ／ｍＬ，ＩＦＮ－α１０００ｕ／ｍＬ均能增强单核巨噬细胞对ＨＳＶ－１的抗性，加速细胞对ＨＳＶ－１ＤＮＡ的清除，抑     

单纯疱疹病毒感染单位核—巨噬细胞

本文综述国外近年来对单核－巨噬细胞受单纯疱诊病毒（ＨＳＶ）感染的研究成果。单核－巨噬细胞对ＨＳＶ感染具有天然的内在抗性,这种抗性受遗传基因控制,不依赖于干扰素（ＩＦＮ）。单核－巨噬细胞的这种抗性因其组织来源和分化状态的不同而有程度上的差异。佛波酯类（ＰＭＡ）,脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）,α－肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ－α）等可削弱这种抗性,促进ＨＳＶ在单核－巨噬细胞中增殖。     

抗原捕获聚合酶链式反应（AC－PCR）直接分型检测单纯疱疹病毒

用抗单纯疱疹病毒（ＨＳＶ）型共同性ｇＣ和ｇＤ羊克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）,包被即Ｅｐｐｅｎｄｏｒｆ管,捕捉ＨＳＶ,同时加入３个引物：一个是ＨＳＶ─１／ＨＳＶ─２型共同性上游引物,另两个分别是ＨＳＶ─１和ＨＳＶ─２型特异性下游引物。借此建立了能直接分型检测ＨＳＶ的抗原捕获聚合酶链式反应（ＡＣ─ＰＣＲ）。ＨＳＶ─１的扩增产物为４７７ｂｐ,ＨＳＶ─２的为３９９ｂｐ两型病毒经ＡＣ─ＰＣＲ扩增后产生分子量不同的ＤＮＡ片段,致使ＡＣ─ＰＣＲ能直接分型检测ＨＳＶ。ＨＳＶ─１和ＨＳＶ─２扩增产物的克隆和序列分析表明,本方法特异性好。用本法检测Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ幼鼠中枢神经系统ＨＳＶ感染的脑标本,进一步证实本方法不仅敏感、特异,而且分型准确。     

斑点杂交检测肾综合征出血热病毒核酸的研究

本研究用非放射性标记物—地高辛碱性磷酸酶标记肾综合征出血热病毒（ＨＦＲＳＶ）ｃＤＮＡ制备探针,检测恙螨、鼠肺中ＨＦＲＳＶＲＮＡ的ＲＴＰＣＲ扩增产物中目的片段。结果表明：ＨＦＲＳＶ抗原阳性鼠体螨５０只组、１０只组,游离螨５０只组、１０只组,ＨＦＲＳＶ抗原阳性鼠肺１０００ｍｇ、５００ｍｇ,抗原阴性鼠肺１０００ｍｇ检测结果为阳性,呈现明显紫褐色斑点,而ＲＴＰＣＲ检测时未能扩增出ＨＦＲＳＶ抗原阴性鼠肺１０００ｍｇ和游离螨１０只组中的目的条带。实验结果说明,斑点杂交检测方法比ＲＴＰＣＲ敏感。     

巨噬细胞,细胞因子与人类免疫缺陷病毒

单核－巨噬细胞是人类免疫缺陷病毒（ＨＩＶ）感染的主要靶细胞之一。本文概述了ＨＩＶ感染后,体内外细胞因子的产生情况,各种细胞因子如ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－１０、ＩＦＮ－α、转化生长因子－β（ＴＧＦ－β）和ＴＮＦ－α等对ＨＩＶ在巨噬细胞中表达的调控及影响ＨＩＶ表达的机制,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

HCVE2／NS1相对保守区多肽体外诱导慢丙肝患者PBMC增殖反应的研究

为了解ＨＣＶ感染后细胞免疫在其中的作用,对３１例慢丙肝及２０例正常献血员以ＭＴＴ法检测外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）对ＨＣＶＥ２／ＮＳ１相对保守区多肽抗原及Ｃ２２、ＮＳ５的增殖反应。结果表明与正常人相比,慢性丙型肝炎患者ＰＢＭＣ对ＨＣＶＣ２２、Ｅ２／ＮＳ１抗原有明显的增殖反应（Ｐ＜００５）,而对ＮＳ５无明显增殖,其中以Ｃ２２抗原性最强。作者认为慢性丙型肝炎患者存在针对与ＨＣＶ相关抗原的细胞免疫,这种细胞免疫不能消除ＨＣＶ感染,而且与疾病的状态无关。     

人生长激素基因在昆虫细胞中的表达(英文)

近年发展起来的昆虫细胞－杆状病毒基因工程系统具有良好的优越性：（１）表达产量高,（２）产物的免疫原性、功能性类似于天然产物,（３）适用于悬浮及无血清培养。本实验中,将外源基因ｈＧＨ克隆至质粒ｐＶＬ１３９３,形成转移载体ｐＶＬ１３９３／ｈＧＨ（Ｆｉｇ．１＆２）。与昆虫核多角体病毒ＡｃＮＰＶ基因组ＤＮＡ共转染秋粘虫细胞Ｓｆ９（Ｆｉｇ．３）,ｐＶＬ１３９３／ｈＧＨ与ＡｃＮＰＶ基因组ＤＮＡ发生同源重组,取代多角体蛋白基因。经空斑分析纯化得到不含多角体,单一表达的重组病毒ｒＡｃＶｈＧＨ（Ｆｉｇ．４）,感染滴度达到２．０３ｘ１０８ＰＵＦ／ｍＬ。经反复实验,１０５细胞／ｍＬ感染６～７天后收获培养上清液,可得到表达量为４０μｇ／ｍＬ的ｈＧＨ蛋白（Ｆｉｇ．５,６＆７）。     

骨巨细胞瘤M-CSF、IL-1和TNF-α免疫组织化学研究

本实验应用免疫组织化学方法,检测巨噬细胞相关抗原、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（Ｍ┐ＣＳＦ）、白细胞介素┐１（ＩＬ┐１）和肿瘤坏死因子┐α（ＴＮＦ┐α）在骨巨细胞瘤（ＧＣＴ）中的表达,结果表明,在ＧＣＴ中,Ｍ┐ＣＳＦ主要由纤维母细胞样基质细胞（ＦＣ）分泌;巨噬细胞样基质细胞（ＨＣ）是单核┐巨噬细胞系早期的未成熟细胞,主要分泌ＩＬ┐１和ＴＮＦ┐α,少数多核巨细胞（ＭＧＣ）也可产生ＴＮＦ┐α。本文提示,ＧＣＴ中的三种主要细胞能分泌Ｍ┐ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ┐１和ＴＮＦ┐α细胞因子,通过自分泌或旁分泌作用相互影响,共同促进ＧＣＴ的发生、发展及其侵袭性的生物学行为     

基因工程干扰素（IFN—α2b）抗柯萨奇和单纯疱疹病毒效应

本文采用微量细胞病变抑制法在Ｗｉｓｈ 及Ｖｅｒｏ 细胞上研究了ＩＦＮ—α２ｂ 抗ＣｏｘＢ３ 型及ＨＳＶ—１ 型和ＨＳＶ—Ⅱ型病毒的作用。结果表明,安达芬和干扰能ＩＨＮα２ｂ 在Ｗｉｓｈ 或Ｖｅｒｏ 细胞上５００ＩＵ／ｍｌ 分别可以抗３ｌｏｇ４ 或１０００ＴＣＩＤ５０ ,５０ＩＵ／ｍｌ 可以抗２ｌｏｇ４ 或１００ ＴＣＩＤ５０ ,５ＩＵ／ｍｌ 可以抗１ｌｏｇ４ 或１０ ＴＣＩＤ５０ 的ＣｏｘＢ３ 型或ＨＳＶ—１ 型和ＨＳＶ—Ⅱ型病毒感染细胞。提示安达芬和干扰能均显示明显的抗病毒效应,且二者无明显差别     

抗原捕获聚合酶链式反应（AC—PCR）直接分型检测单纯疱疹病毒

用抗单纯疱疹病毒（ＨＳＶ）型共同性ｇＣ和ｇＤ单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）,包被Ｅｐｐｅｎｄｏｒｆ管,捕捉ＨＳＶ,同时加入３个引物：一个是ＨＳＶ－１／ＨＳＶ－型共同性上游引物,另两个分别是ＨＳＶ－１和ＨＳＶ－２型特异性下游引物。借此建立了能直接分型检测ＨＳＶ的抗原捕获聚合酶链式反应（ＡＣ－ＰＣＲ）。ＨＳＶ－１的扩增产物为４７７ｂｐ,ＨＳＶ－２的为３９９ｂｐ,两型病毒经ＡＣ－ＰＣＲ扩增后产生分子量不同的ＤＮ     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.