植物细胞质雄性不育及其育性恢复的分子生物学研究进展

植物细胞质雄性不育（CMS）和恢复系统在作物杂交种子生产中具有重要的意义。综述了目前已发现的与植物CMS相关的线粒体DNA位点,育性恢复基因对CMS相关DNA位点表达的影响,育性恢复基因的分子标记定位、克隆,及育性恢复分子机理等方面的研究进展,并讨论了恢复基因在植物分子育种上的应用。     

油菜细胞质雄性不育与育性恢复机理的研究进展

油菜细胞质雄性不育不仅是研究核质互作的理想材料,同时也是杂种优势利用的最有效方式之一。目前对油菜细胞质雄性不育的研究主要包括不育基因的来源、不育基因的结构特征、不育基因的作用机理以及育性恢复的分子机制等。对目前国际上主要的油菜细胞质雄性不育类型(pol CMS、nap CMS、kos CMS、ogu CMS和tour CMS)在分子水平上的研究进展进行了综述。包括线粒体不育基因相关区域的确定和结构特点,不育形成的分子机理以及恢复基因的定位和作用机制等。     

水稻细胞质雄性不育及育性恢复研究进展

植物细胞质雄性不育(CMS)是广泛存在于自然界中的现象,主要表现为不能产生有功能的花粉从而导致不能正常受精结实的自然现象。CMS的起因源于受植物细胞质基因的影响表现出雄性不育的特征,目前研究表明为线粒体的基因引起的雄性不育。相应地,细胞核中存在某类基因能够编码一种蛋白使其育性得以恢复,这一类基因称为育性恢复基因(Rf genes)。杂交水稻的生产依赖于CMS的发掘和利用,并且这也是农作物增产的一条有效途径。迄今为止,水稻中CMS和育性恢复的相关研究较多,机理阐述相对比较深入,本文主要介绍水稻CMS及育性恢复基因的研究及CMS和育性恢复机理的最新研究进展,希望能为揭示水稻CMS与育性恢复机制以及其他作物的CMS/Rf研究提供参考,为新型杂交水稻的培育提供新思路。     

玉米细胞质雄性不育及其育性恢复基因的研究进展

玉米是杂种优势利用最成功的作物之一,采用细胞质雄性不育(CMS)进行玉米杂交种生产已成为杂种优势利用的有力工具。CMS是由于细胞质和细胞核的基因表达产物的不协调而产生的不育性,可被核基因组中的恢复基因恢复。根据育性恢复专效性,玉米CMS材料主要分为T、C和S三种类型。综述了这三种类型不育及其恢复基因的研究进展,分析了在不育化制种中的应用情况。     

玉米CMS分子生物学研究进展

本文对玉米CMS研究已获得的、并为普遍接受的分子生物学研究结果进行了粗略总结;对近年来在玉米细胞质雄性不育育性相关核基因的分子标记定位、克隆及辅助选择,育性相关胞质基因的克隆与表达方面的研究进展进行了简要概述;我们认为在今后一段时期,玉米CMS研究将着重围绕核不育基因的克隆及表达模式、线粒体功能基因组、育性相关胞质基因与核育性基因相互作用等方向进行研究,以期阐述玉米CMS的形成机理。 Progress of Molecular Biology of CMS in Maize ZHANG Zu-xin,ZHANG Fang-dong,ZHENG Yong-lian National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China Abstract:In the paper,we have summarized the molecular biological accomplishment acquired and accepted by most of maize researchers on CMS of maize.A brief review of current molecular biological progress of CMS of maize are displayed in the paper.These progresses concern in the positioning,cloning and maker-assisted selection of nucleic genes associated with fertility,expression and cloning of cytoplasmic genes associated with male sterility,In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of CMS of maize,the areas about cloning and expression profiling of male sterile nucleic genes,and functional genomics of mitochondria,and interaction cytoplasmic genes with nucleic genes will need to be researched in the future. Key words：maize(Zea mays L.);CMS;mtDNA;gene associated with fertility     

向日葵细胞质雄性不育系线粒体基因组atpA位点的研究

对21种向日葵细胞质雄性不育(CMS)品系的线粒体基因组atpA基因位点处的DNA分子变异进行了分析和研究。首次通过基因组DNA及mtDNA与一含有部分atpA基因和orf H522的4.1kb探针Southern分子杂交分析及mtDNA限制性内切酶图谱分析证明,在atpA基因位点区域有4种DNA序列存在于21种细胞质雄性不育品系中。首次指出在向日葵CMS品系中即使细胞质来源相同,不育基因却有多种存在形式,并通过实验结果推测了导致细胞质雄性不育的机理。     

水稻红莲型CMS育性恢复QTL分析

红莲型CMS是在我国杂交水稻生产中被广泛利用的雄性不育细胞质之一。为了同时定位红莲型CMS育性恢复主效和微效QTL,利用红莲型CMS不育系粤泰A(YTA)与“Lemont／特青”RIL群体测交,结合1张含有198个DNA分子标记的高密度遗传图谱,对测交F1群体的小穗育性和花粉育性进行复合区间作图。在对YTA的育性恢复性方面,该。RIL群体的2个亲本之间具有明显差异,特青的恢复性较强,其测交F1的小穗育性和花粉育性分别为72％和51％;而Lemont测交F1的小穗育性和花粉育性分别为32％和9％。复合区间作图定位到4个育性恢复QTL,分别位于水稻第1、2和10号染色体上,单个QTL的贡献率在5％～24％之间。其中,除1个QTL的增效基因来源于Lemont外,其余3个QTL的增效基因均来源于特青。效应最大的QTL为qRF-10-1,该QTL位于10号染色体RM258-C16标记区间,对小穗育性表型变异的贡献率为24％,对花粉育性的贡献率为17％,且该QTL被检测到的LOD值显著较高,因此是1个主效QTL,其增效基因来源于特青。除了主效QTLqRF-10-1外,其它3个QTL对性状的贡献率均在10％以下(5％～8％)。由此表明,该RIL群体对红莲型CMS的育性恢复由1个主效QTL控制,并受其它几个微效QTL的影响。该QTL定位结果与小穗育性在测交F1群体中呈连续的双峰分布的结果相一致。与主效QTL qRF-10-1紧密连锁的SSR标记为RM258,该主效QTL可作为分子标记辅助育种的操作目标之一,用于杂交稻分子育种中培育红莲型CMS的强恢复系。     

大豆细胞质雄性不育恢复基因GmRf1的精细定位

目前大豆杂交育种主要依赖于以细胞质雄性不育(CMS,cytoplasmic male sterility)为基础的"三系"法,这其中恢复系的选育至关重要.恢复基因的有无和恢复能力的强弱主要通过被测恢复系与不育系测交后代F1的育性确定,既耗时又费力.若能定位和克隆恢复基因(Rf,restorer-of-fertility...     

植物细胞质雄性不育

近年来国内外对植物细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS）在细胞学、生理生化及分子遗传学等方面的研究又取得了新的进展。特别是对育性恢复基因的定位、克隆的研究已取得一定突破,发现编码含保守PPR（pentatricopeptide repeat）模体蛋白的基因在多种植物中与育性恢复密切相关。     

植物CMS/Rf系统的基因克隆及其结构特征

细胞质雄性不育和恢复系统（CMS/Rf）在植物杂种优势利用中已被广泛应用。为阐明恢复基因在这一系统中的作用机理,众多研究者开展了恢复基因的定位和克隆研究。近年来,4个植物恢复基因的成功克隆有力地推动了这一研究领域的发展。本文综述了植物恢复基因的定位、克隆以及育性恢复分子机理的研究进展,并讨论了恢复基因在植物分子育种上的应用。     

几种农作物细胞质雄性不育恢复基因的定位和分子标记研究进展

利用杂种优势提高作物产量时,生产杂交种的主要授粉控制系统是细胞质雄性不育及其恢复系统。在杂交品种的选育过程中,优良恢复系选育至关重要。为了高效并准确地鉴定选择恢复材料,同时更深入地研究恢复基因的作用机理,近年来植物细胞质雄性不育恢复基因分子标记研究受到了广泛重视。本文综述了主要农作物水稻、油菜、小麦、棉花和玉米等细胞质雄性不育类型恢复基因的定位和分子标记研究进展,并讨论了恢复基因的精确定位和分子标记鉴定在基因克隆和分子标记辅助选择育种中的意义和应用前景。     

几种农作物细胞质雄性不育恢复基因的定位和分子标记研究进展

利用杂种优势提高作物产量时, 生产杂交种的主要授粉控制系统是细胞质雄性不育及其恢复系统。在杂交品种的选育过程中, 优良恢复系选育至关重要。为了高效并准确地鉴定选择恢复材料, 同时更深入地研究恢复基因的作用机理, 近年来植物细胞质雄性不育恢复基因分子标记研究受到了广泛重视。本文综述了主要农作物水稻、油菜、小麦、棉花和玉米等细胞质雄性不育类型恢复基因的定位和分子标记研究进展, 并讨论了恢复基因的精确定位和分子标记鉴定在基因克隆和分子标记辅助选择育种中的意义和应用前景。     

植物胞质雄性不育及育性恢复的分子机制研究进展(综述)

本文从与雄性不育有关的线粒体基因引起雄性不育的机理、雄性不育育性恢复机制以及育性恢复基因的克隆等方面,介绍国内外对植物细胞质雄性不育分子机理的研究进展,并对今后的研究进行讨论。     

The fertility restorer gene, Rf2, for Lead Rice-type cytoplasmic male sterility of rice encodes a mitochondrial glycine-rich protein

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is associated with a mitochondrial mutation that causes an inability to produce fertile pollen. The fertility of CMS plants is restored in the presence of a nuclear-encoded fertility restorer (Rf) gene. In Lead Rice-type CMS, discovered in the indica variety 'Lead Rice', fertility of the CMS plant is restored by the single nuclear-encoded gene Rf2 in a gametophytic manner. We performed map-based cloning of Rf2, and proved that it encodes a protein consisting of 152 amino acids with a glycine-rich domain. Expression of Rf2 mRNA was detected in developing and mature anthers. An RF2-GFP fusion was shown to be targeted to mitochondria. Replacement of isoleucine by threonine at amino acid 78 of the RF2 protein was considered to be the cause of functional loss in the rf2 allele. As Rf2 does not encode a pentatricopeptide repeat protein, unlike a majority of previously identified Rf genes, the data from this study provide new insights into the mechanism for restoring fertility in CMS.     

Genetic analysis of fertility restoration and accumulation of ORF125 mitochondrial protein in the kosena radish (Raphanus sativus cv. Kosena) and a Brassica napus restorer line

The genetics of fertility restoration (Rf) of kosena radish CMS has been characterized. The kosena CMS-Rf system is genetically the same as that of the ogura CMS-Rf system. Two dominant genes that act complementary to the restoration of fertility control fertility restoration in kosena CMS. One allele (Rf1) is associated with accumulation of the CMS-associated protein, ORF125. The interaction of Rf1 and another allele (Rf2) was essential for the restoration of fertility in radish, whereas Rf1 alone was sufficient for the complete restoration of fertility in the B. napus kosena CMS cybrid. Received: 13 August 1999 / Accepted: 16 September 1999     

Mitochondrial ORF79 levels determine pollen abortion in cytoplasmic male sterile rice

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an important agricultural trait characterized by lack of functional pollen, and caused by ectopic and defective mitochondrial gene expression. The pollen function in CMS plants is restored by the presence of nuclear‐encoded restorer of fertility (Rf) genes. Previously, we cloned Rf2, which restores the fertility of Lead Rice (LD)‐type CMS rice. However, neither the function of Rf2 nor the identity of the mitochondrial gene causing CMS has been determined in LD–CMS rice. Here, we show that the mitochondrial gene orf79 acts as a CMS‐associated gene in LD–CMS rice, similar to its role in BT–CMS rice originating from Chinsurah Boro II, and Rf2 weakly restores fertility in BT–CMS rice. We also show that RF2 promotes degradation of atp6–orf79 RNA in a different manner from that of RF1, which is the Rf gene product in BT–CMS rice. The amount of ORF79 protein in LD–CMS rice was one‐twentieth of the amount in BT–CMS rice. The difference in ORF79 protein levels probably accounts for the mild and severe pollen defects in LD–CMS and BT–CMS rice, respectively. In the presence of Rf2, accumulation of ORF79 was reduced to almost zero and 25% in LD–CMS and BT–CMS rice, respectively, which probably accounts for the complete and weak fertility restoration abilities of Rf2 in LD–CMS and BT–CMS rice, respectively. These observations indicate that the amount of ORF79 influences the pollen fertility in two strains of rice in which CMS is induced by orf79.