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1.
池鹭繁殖种群数量、活动规律和生物生产量的研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
本文报道池鹭种群数量变动,种群活动,雏鸟生长和生物生产量。种群活动可划分为适到期,运情期,繁殖期,同鸟活动期,集群活动和迁离期。1990,1991二年繁殖前种群密度分别为1300只/hm^2和1401只/hm^2,繁殖后增加密度为2087只/hm^2和2248只/hm^2。雏鸟体重增长曲线议程为:W=286/1+e^-0.409(t-12.6)1990,1991年繁殖种群的生物生产量分别为197.  相似文献   

2.
四川南充太和鹭科鸟类群落空间生态位和种间关系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文应用空间生态位理论,分析了四川南充太和白鹭自然保护区慈竹林内鹭类繁殖季节的群落结构,对影响鹭类混群繁殖时空分布的因素及各种群间的相互关系进行了探讨.结果 表明:南充太和白鹭自然保护区栖息有白鹭Egetta garzetta、夜鹭Nycticoraxny cticorax、牛背鹭Bubulcus ibis和池鹭Araeola bacchus 4种鹭类种群.4种鹭类具有明显的水平和垂直分布现象,白鹭、夜鹭的水平生态位宽度较大,在垂直生态位宽度上白鹭、夜鹭、牛背鹭都较大,池鹭的最小;生态位重叠值以白鹭-夜鹭间的最高,夜鹭-池鹭间的最小;4种鹭间的聚类分析结果普遍较高.  相似文献   

3.
河北唐海湿地四种鹭的种群动态和繁殖空间生态位   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
2004年8月—2005年7月对河北唐海湿地夜鹭(Nycticoraxnycticorax)、白鹭(Egtettagarzetta)、池鹭(Ardeolabacchus)、大白鹭(Casmerodiusalbus)的种群动态和繁殖行为进行了观察,并对巢群关系进行了研究。统计了4种鹭垂直和水平巢位的巢密度,计算了不同种鹭巢的生态位重叠、生态位宽度值。结果4种鹭在唐海数量最多月份为4—9月,最大量达到了近5800只。共有Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个巢区,迁来Ⅱ区时间较Ⅰ区晚半个月左右。除池鹭外,3种鹭之间均有争巢现象,后期趋于稳定。迫于密度压力和竞争,部分白鹭和池鹭取食范围较广。除大白鹭外,其他3种鹭同种间均有混交现象。在混巢区,夜鹭迁来最早,数量最大,为优势种,多数占据中心区的顶巢;大白鹭数量最少,亦占据中心区的顶巢;白鹭迁来较晚,占据中位巢;池鹭迁来最晚,数量较白鹭少,多数在边缘区单独筑巢,少数在中心区占下位巢。白鹭巢的垂直生态位最宽;夜鹭巢的水平生态位最宽;池鹭巢的综合空间生态位最宽。池鹭和夜鹭巢位的空间格局最为相似,池鹭和白鹭的生态位重叠较大。夜鹭的数量最多、大白鹭的个体最大,导致其处于优势;白鹭和池鹭数量少、个体小,导致其处于劣势。唐海湿地内丰富的食物和适宜的林带是鹭鸟密度较大的主要原因。此外,鹭类只筑巢在散布的、双行杨树林带均高为22m以上区域,是该地鹭类巢区的主要特点。  相似文献   

4.
2004年8月—2005年7月对河北唐海湿地夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)、白鹭(Egtetta garzetta)、池鹭(Ardeola bacchus)、大白鹭(Casmerodius albus)的种群动态和繁殖行为进行了观察,并对巢群关系进行了研究。统计了4种鹭垂直和水平巢位的巢密度,计算了不同种鹭巢的生态位重叠、生态位宽度值。结果:4种鹭在唐海数量最多月份为4—9月,最大量达到了近5 800只。共有Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个巢区,迁来Ⅱ区时间较Ⅰ区晚半个月左右。除池鹭外,3种鹭之间均有争巢现象,后期趋于稳定。迫于密度压力和竞争,部分白鹭和池鹭取食范围较广。除大白鹭外,其他3种鹭同种间均有混交现象。 在混巢区,夜鹭迁来最早,数量最大,为优势种,多数占据中心区的顶巢;大白鹭数量最少,亦占据中心区的顶巢;白鹭迁来较晚,占据中位巢;池鹭迁来最晚,数量较白鹭少,多数在边缘区单独筑巢,少数在中心区占下位巢。白鹭巢的垂直生态位最宽;夜鹭巢的水平生态位最宽;池鹭巢的综合空间生态位最宽。池鹭和夜鹭巢位的空间格局最为相似,池鹭和白鹭的生态位重叠较大。夜鹭的数量最多、大白鹭的个体最大,导致其处于优势;白鹭和池鹭数量少、个体小,导致其处于劣势。唐海湿地内丰富的食物和适宜的林带是鹭鸟密度较大的主要原因。此外,鹭类只筑巢在散布的、双行杨树林带均高为22 m以上区域,是该地鹭类巢区的主要特点。  相似文献   

5.
四种鹭类繁殖生态生物学研究   总被引:35,自引:2,他引:33  
本文对夜鹭,白鹭,黄鹭白鹭,池鹭混群在同一巢区的繁殖,种间协高及雏鸟生长进行进行了观察研究,其中黄嘴白路豫南大别山类新纪录,在此繁殖亦为首次发现。几种路在巢位,食性,取食活动和习性方面都表现出其混居同一巢地繁殖的种间协调性,符合高期假说。比较4种鹭鸟雏鸟生长过程中各生长参数。其中池鹭虽个体最小,但体重和各部位生长却对较快。  相似文献   

6.
短翅鸲迁徙动态及种群密度   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1992~1994年5~9月,在山西庞泉沟国家级自然保护区,对短翅鸲迁徙动态及种群密度进行了研究。研究表明,该鸟在本区为夏候鸟,5月上旬迁来,9月中旬迁离。种群密度每公里遇见数繁殖前为196±020只,繁殖后为208±022只,繁殖后比繁殖前增长612%。在疏林灌丛带活动最高(4258%),而在疏林草甸带活动最低(422%)。  相似文献   

7.
厦门大屿岛三种鹭的种群动态和营巢   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
对厦门大屿岛白鹭保护区的夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)、白鹭(Eegrtta garzetta)和池鹭(Ardeola bacchus)进行种群动态和营巢观察研究。3种鸟的数量季节变化都很大,5~7月数量高峰期,每月总数都达5000只左右。5月底共5610只,3种鸟的比例分别为50.8%、32.0%和17.2%。4月开始大量在相思树梢上营巢,5月中至6月初巢数多达6000多个。结果表明,3种鸟都是厦门的繁殖鸟和留鸟。  相似文献   

8.
杭州石荠苎(Mosla hangchowensis)种群密度制约实验的统计分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文研究了我国特有、分布区极狭窄的一年生草本植物———杭州石荠苎(Moslahangchowensis)种群的密度制约规律。结果表明:在生长季内,种群的死亡率与密度密切相关。种群的最适密度为200~1000株/m2左右。不同密度种群的平均株高、开花数等性状随时间的动态关系均符合“logistic”模型。高密度种群中60%左右的个体能完成生活史;低密度种群中80%以上的个体能完成生活史。种群密度较高制约杭州石荠苎的植株形态和繁殖投资  相似文献   

9.
广西防城7种鹭类混群繁殖的空间生态位研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
叶芬  黄乘明  李汉华 《四川动物》2006,25(3):577-583
2002年3~8月对广西防城万鹤山营巢的鹭类繁殖种群进行了调查研究,结果表明:万鹤山栖息有大白鹭(Egretta alba)、中白鹭(Egretta intermedia)、白鹭(Egretta garzetta)、黄嘴白鹭(Egretta eulophotes)、牛背鹭(Bubulcus ibis)、池鹭(Ardeda bacchus)、夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)7种鹭类种群。除黄嘴白鹭为均匀分布之外,其他6种均为成群分布。鹭类在万鹤山上营巢繁殖具有明显的水平分布和垂直分布现象。对影响鹭类混群繁殖时空间分布的因素及各种群间的相互关系进行了探讨。  相似文献   

10.
990-1994年3-10月,在山西庞泉沟国家级自然保护区,对白繁殖生态进行了研究。研究表明,该鸟在本区为夏候鸟,3月底迁来,10月上旬迁离,多在山涧溪流、池塘、水沟边活动。种群密度遇见数在繁殖前为170只/km,繁殖后177只/km,繁殖后比繁殖前增长412%。食物以昆虫为主,最早产卵于5月11日,每窝卵数3-6枚,孵卵期12-14d,孵化率80%-100%。  相似文献   

11.
无锡太湖地区夜鹭及白鹭繁殖生物学研究   总被引:21,自引:2,他引:19  
1999年 4~ 6月对分布在无锡地区的夜鹭 (Nycticoraxnycticorax)和白鹭 (Egrettagarzetta)的繁殖生物学进行了调查研究 ,调查地面积约 2 72 37 5m2 ,植被以马尾松 (Pinusmassoniana)和香樟树 (Cinnamomumhupehanum)为主。研究结果表明 :栖息地共有鹭巢近万个 ,平均密度为 0 36个 /m2 ,每棵树上平均巢数为1 0 6个 ,最多达 2 5个 /棵树 ;平均窝卵数夜鹭为 3 5 5枚 ,白鹭为 4 89枚 ;平均窝雏数夜鹭为 2 6 8只 ,白鹭为3 96只 ;孵化期白鹭为 1 9~ 2 1天 ,夜鹭为 2 2~ 2 3天 ;孵化成功率白鹭为 84 2 5 % ,夜鹭为 75 46 % ;白鹭雏鸟主要以小型鱼类和虾类为食 ,夜鹭雏鸟主要以鱼类和两栖类为食。  相似文献   

12.
2005年5月,采集了淮河地区颍上八里河集群繁殖的夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)和小白鹭(Egrettagarzetta)鸟卵共18枚,用原子吸收法测定了卵壳、内容物中重金属Cd、Pb、Cr的残留量。结果表明,所有卵壳样品中均检出一定水平的Cd、Pb和Cr残留量,夜鹭卵壳中重金属残留量为Pb>Cr>Cd,小白鹭卵壳中重金属残留量为Cr>Pb>Cd,卵壳中Pb和Cr残留量的种间差异都不显著,但Cd的种间差异显著;在2种鹭卵内容物中,Cr都被检出,在夜鹭卵内容物样品中,Pb只被部分检出,Cd在2种鹭卵内容物样品中都没有被检出,3种重金属在内容物中残留量的种间差异都不显著。2种鹭卵壳中Pb和Cd残留量极其显著地高于卵内容物,但Cr的这种残留分布上的差异不显著。本研究进一步证明卵壳可用作重金属污染物的指示物,监测和评价湿地生态系统中重金属的污染状况。  相似文献   

13.
GADI KATZIR  GRAHAM R. MARTIN 《Ibis》1998,140(1):157-162
Compared with diurnally active species, the eyes of nocturnally active herons (Ardeidae) are relatively larger and more widely separated. These features are found in comparisons between the nocturnally foraging Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax and the diurnally active Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis. Casual viewing of the Black-crowned Night Heron gives the impression of a somewhat owl-like appearance, with an apparently wide degree of binocular overlap. Visual fields and eye movements were determined in two alert, restrained Black-crowned Night Herons with the use of an ophthalmoscopic technique. A wide degree of binocular overlap was not confirmed, and the Black-crowned Night Heron's visual field closely resembles those of diurnally foraging herons (Western Reef Heron Egretta gularis schistacea , Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides , Cattle Egret). The Black-crowned Night Heron's binocular field is vertically long and narrow (maximum width 22̀), with the bill placed approximately at the centre. Monocular and cyclopean field widths in the horizontal plane equal 171̀ and 320̀, respectively. Retinal binocular overlap can be abolished by eye movements. There is a blind sector (10–13̀ wide) at the margin of each eye's optical field, and this results in the functional retinal binocular field being much narrower than the optical binocular fields. It is these blind sectors which give rise to the appearance of a much wider binocular field. The visual field characteristics of this heron species may be best understood in relation to the foraging technique of capturing agile, evasive prey directly in the bill. The comparatively large size of the Black-crowned Night Herons' eyes may be associated with activity over a wide range of natural light levels but does not give rise to binocular fields larger than those of diurnal heron species.  相似文献   

14.
Herons and ibis are colonially nesting waders which, owing to their number, mobility and trophic role as top predators, play a key role in aquatic ecosystems. They are also good biological models to investigate interspecific competition between sympatric species and predation; two processes which structure ecological communities. Odonata are also numerous, diverse, mobile and can play an important role in aquatic ecosystems by serving as prey for herons and ibis. A relationship between prey size and bird predator has been observed in Numidia wetlands (NE Algeria) after analyzing food boluses regurgitated by six species of birds (Purple Heron, Black-crowned Night Heron, Glossy Ibis, Little Egret, Squacco Heron and Cattle Egret) during the breeding period, which also shows a temporal gradient for the six species. Both the Levins index and preliminary multivariate analysis of the Odonata as prey fed to nestling herons and ibis, indicated a high degree of resource overlap. However, a distinction of prey based on taxonomy (suborder and family) and developmental stage (larvae or adults) reveals a clear size dichotomy with large-sized predators (Purple Heron, Black-crowned Night Heron and Glossy Ibis) preying on large preys like Aeshnids and Libellulids and small-sized predators feeding mainly on small prey like Zygoptera. Overall, the resource utilization suggests a pattern of resource segregation by coexisting nesting herons and ibis based on the timing of reproduction, prey types, prey size and foraging microhabitats.  相似文献   

15.
Rosemary H.  Lowe-McConnell 《Ibis》1967,109(2):168-179
The success of the immigrant Cattle Egret Ardeola ibis in Guyana appears to be due mainly to its breeding biology, combined with man's activities in clearing and draining land for stock and by his selective shioting.
Long.-established heronries are beine taken over bv the Cattle Egret. In Aurmst 1959 during the principal nesting season in the main rains 90% of the 1786 heron nests in the Botanic Gardens Georgetown, belonged to Cattle Egrets, the others to Little Blue Herons Hydranassa caerutea , Black-crowned Night Herons Nycticorac nycticorux , Snowy Egrets Egretta thula , Tricolour Herons Hydranassu tricolor , and Streaked Herons Butorides striatus . In the December rains the same year another 1700 Cattle Egret nests were in use here, but no indigenous herons were nesting. These were, however, joined in January by Black-crowned Night Herons, Snowy Egrets, Little Blue and Tricolour Herons.
In addition to having two peak nesting periods a year, instead of one as the indigenous herons generally have, the Cattle Egrets react faster to the onset of the rains and obtain the best nest-sites, and they are helped by the tendency of the indigenous herons to display more aggressively against their own species than against the intruder; also now that Cattle Egret numbers are high they can find mates very rapidly. Both indigenous herons and Cattle Egrets have one to three young per brood in Guyana, and the nesting period lasts about two months.
The peak nesting time varies from year to year with the advent of the rains. Nesting appears to be stimulated by, and its success related to, rainfall. A cycle of wet years in Guyana preceded the arrival of the Cattle Egrets in North America in 1952. In Guyana their dispersal inland was restricted, probably by the forest, until 1961.  相似文献   

16.
于2004年1~2月选择了3种鹭类作为研究对象,采用瞬时扫描观察的方法,就其越冬行为差异进行了比较。3种鹭昼间主要行为有所不同,苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)主要以站立和休息为主,白鹭(Egretta garzetta)主要以取食和休息为主,而大白鹭(E.alba)主要以站立和取食为主。本文对3种鹭的取食行为进行了比较分析,3种鹭的取食行为比例从高到低依次为白鹭(40%~60%)、大白鹭(20%~40%)和苍鹭(0.1%以下)。最后,对3种鹭不同的取食对策进行了讨论。  相似文献   

17.
Breeding ecology of the Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) was studied in a mono-specific colony in the Anzali wetland, Northern Iran during the breeding season of 2016. The breeding period lasted from mid-May to late July. The average clutch size was 3.1±0.6 eggs and the breeding success 77.6%. No significant differences were found between nests built on trunks and those built on branches of trees. The clutch size and breeding success appeared to be independent of the structural variables of the nesting site (diameter of trees, height from the ground, height of nests from the canopy, nest number per tree, location of nests on trunks and branches). No significant difference was found between the timing of the start of incubation and the height of nests above the ground. The average vertical and horizontal distances between nests was one metre. Fish, particularly Carassius gibelio, dominated the diet of the nestlings.  相似文献   

18.
Avian postnatal growth has received considerable attention and its ecological implications have been deeply analyzed. In this current paper, I describe the patterns of culmen and tarsus growth, as well as of weight gain patterns in eight species of herons and egrets (Aves: Ardeidae) found in the Birama Swamp in Eastern Cuba. Between 1998 and 2006,714 nestlings of the following species were measured every two days: Butorides virescens, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta thula, E. tricolor, E. caerulea, E. rufescens, Ardea alba and Nycticorax nycticorax. Logistic and Gompertz equations were adjusted to data using non-lineal regression models with adult values as the asymptote. For each species, the following were determined and recorded: growth rate, age at inflexion, instantaneous growth rates at each age interval, and time taken to reach 90% of adult size. Reported hatchling sizes were similar in other localities, with a variation coefficient ranging between 10-19%. At hatch, each species exhibited differing sizes relative to adult values. In all cases, Gompertz equations were best fitted to explain more variance and lesser residuals. Rates of weight change and tarsus growth were alometrically related to the log of adult weight. Two main growth processes were identified: a physical extension in dimensions of each measurement reflecting inter-specific morphometric differences, and a lineal increase of the growth period from Green Heron to Great Egret. The Black-crowned Night Heron, Cattle Egret and Reddish Egret exhibited some unique measurement characteristics in comparison to the remaining members of the family. All results support the hypothesis that hypermorphosis, as the main evolutionary process in the microevolution of Ardeidae, is caused by a delayed final moment of growth.  相似文献   

19.
Laguna de Cuyutlán, in the state of Colima, Mexico, is the only large coastal wetland in a span of roughly 1150 km. Despite this, the study of its birds has been largely neglected. Between 2003 and 2006 we assessed the waterbirds nesting in the middle portion of Laguna Cuyutlán, a large tropical coastal lagoon, through field visits. We documented the nesting of 15 species of non-Laridae waterbirds: Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus), Tricolored Egret (Egretta tricolor), Snowy Egret (Egretta thula), Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea), Great Egret (Ardea alba), Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis), Black-crowned Night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), Yellow-crowned Night-heron (Nyctanassa violacea), Green Heron (Butorides virescens), Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja), White Ibis (Eudocimus albus), Black-bellied Whistling-duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis), Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris), Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus), and Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus). These add to six species of Laridae known to nest in that area: Laughing Gulls (Larus atricilla), Royal Terns (Thalasseus maximus), Gull-billed Terns (Gelochelidon nilotica), Forster's Terns (S. forsteri), Least Terns (Sternula antillarum), and Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger), and to at least 57 species using it during the non-breeding season. With such bird assemblages, Laguna Cuyutlán is an important site for waterbirds, which should be given conservation status.  相似文献   

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