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1.
2018年9月至2019年10月,对新疆乌鲁木齐市区及巴楚县的鱼类进行寄生虫病原调查过程中,在斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)和云斑(鱼回)(I. nebulosus)鳃部发现有单殖吸虫寄生,两种鱼所寄生的虫种形态基本一致,仅连接片形态稍有差异,通过形态学鉴定为锚首虫科(Ancyrocephalidae)趋(鱼回)虫属(Ligictaluridus)的普氏趋(鱼回)虫(L.pricei)。为验证形态鉴定的准确性,扩增了寄生虫的28S rDNA序列,并进行了系统发育分析。结果显示,两种鱼所寄生的单殖吸虫与普氏趋(鱼回)虫的相似度均达98%以上,在系统进化树中紧密聚为一支,置信度均为100;同时,两种虫与普氏趋(鱼回)虫间的遗传距离数值接近于零,表现出了很高的相似度和亲缘关系。因此根据形态特征和系统发育分析,确定这两种鱼感染的是同一种寄生虫。研究结果可为新疆人工养殖(鱼回)科鱼类的病害防治提供依据。  相似文献   

2.
单殖吸虫(Monogenea)是低等脊椎动物的体外寄生虫,大多数种类见于鱼类的体表和鳃上,另有一些种类寄生于两栖、爬虫、哺乳类动物。在无尾两栖类单殖吸虫中,有些虫种的幼虫感染蝌蚪的鳃,如多盘虫Polystoma integerrimun;另有一些虫种侵入变态后宿主的肾脏,如原多盘虫Protopolystoma xenopodis和真多盘虫Eupolystoma alluaudi;还有一些虫种侵入宿主的肺部,如美洲伪双睾虫(Pseudodiplorchis americanus)和铲足新双睾虫(Neodiplorchis scaphiopodis),但它们的成虫都寄生在宿主的膀胱内。海龟类爬行动物的单殖吸虫一般寄生于口腔、咽或膀胱中。…  相似文献   

3.
复殖吸虫是体内寄生的扁形动物,很多寄生虫学者常把体内寄生作为区分复殖吸虫目与单殖吸虫目的特征之一。但在复殖吸虫目中,亦有少数例外营体外寄生的。目前世界上发现的体外寄生复殖吸虫有三个科(Yamaguti,1971):横形科(Transversotrematidae Yamaguti,1954)、连肠科(Syncoeliidae Odhner,1929)和囊双科(Didymozoidae Poche,1907)。除囊双科外,余二科仅包括少数种类。囊双科和连肠科吸虫主要寄生在海水鱼类的鳃部  相似文献   

4.
记述了寄生在珠江水系外来鱼类清道夫 Hypostomus plecostomus 鳃上的指环虫科Dactylogyridae 单殖吸虫中国1新纪录属,1新纪录种,即下口鲶三环虫 Trinigyrus hypostomatis Hanek, Molnar & Fernando,1974和锚首虫科Ancyrocephalidae 单殖吸虫1新纪录属,1新纪录种,即单侧虫 Unilatus unilatus Mizelle & Kritsky,1967,对新纪录属种作了新的形态描述并给出特征图.  相似文献   

5.
1960年10月至1961年7月,在浙江淡水渔业中心之一的塘栖水域,根据寄生虫学全面检查方法,对17种经济鱼类共238尾,曾进行四个季度的鱼类寄生虫区系调查研究工作,获得体内外寄生虫多种。组成塘栖水域寄生单殖吸虫的区系种群共34种,普遍侵袭17种鱼类。关于单殖吸虫在各种鱼体上的种类分布、感染率、感染强度,季节性的数量变动,以及单殖吸虫形态与生态的特殊性等已在I.单殖吸虫的研究中阐明,将于另文发表。本文仅报告四种锚首亚科单殖吸虫,其中一种系新种,其余三种曾在我国太湖发现(郎所等,1959),但未加描述,故本文略加描述。  相似文献   

6.
单殖吸虫的枝环虫属,多寄生于淡水鱼鳃,常引起养殖鱼类的鳃病,造成大量死亡。1956年作者等在太湖调查鱼类寄生蠕虫,在我国四大淡水养殖鱼——青、草、鲢、鳙以及鳊和鲂的鳃上共发现11种枝环虫;其中9种,包括两种寄生鳙的新种已加以报道(郎及虞,1958)。其余两种,由于当时获得标本不多,特征不明,而未叙述。今夏及重复太湖鱼类寄生虫的调查工作,始知寄生鳙的一种为另一新种枝环虫,拟定名为太湖枝环虫,新种Dac-tylogyrus taihuensis sp.nov.;另一种则为司克里雅平枝环虫 D.skrjabini Achmerow,1954,在我国尚属新记录。现将二虫分别描述如后。  相似文献   

7.
2011年11月14日,作者在广东省汕尾进行野生海水鱼类寄生单殖吸虫调查,于扁鮀鲣Auxis thazard thazard(Lacepède,1800)鳃上检获1种分室科单殖吸虫,经研究鉴定属于分室亚科(Capsalinae)墨杯虫属(Caballerocotyla)的群居墨杯虫(C.gregalis)。该种在我国未曾报道,为1中国新记录种,扁鮀鲣为宿主新记录。  相似文献   

8.
对采自额尔齐斯河的银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch)、东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis Berg)、黏鲈(Gymnocephalus cernua Linnaeus)、金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)感染的三代虫(Gyrodactylus sp.)进行了研究, 通过几丁质结构的形态测量与比较, 初步鉴定寄生于银鲫的为细锚三代(G. sprostonae), 寄生东方欧鳊的为秀丽三代虫(G. elegans), 寄生黏鲈的为普氏三代虫(G. prostate), 寄生金鳟的为细鳞鲑三代虫(G. brachymystacis)。同时将测定的三代虫的ITS序列, 与GenBank上三代虫序列进行比对分析, 发现上述4种三代虫分别与细锚三代虫、秀丽三代虫、细鳞鲑三代虫、普氏三代虫的ITS同源性都在99.3%以上, 进一步验证了形态学的鉴定结果。系统发育分析显示细鳞鲑三代虫和细锚三代虫位于G. (Limnonephrotus)亚属的一枝, 秀丽三代虫和普氏三代虫位于G. (Gyrodactylus)亚属的一枝, 而此两亚属亲缘关系较远。  相似文献   

9.
近年来,据郎所(1958,1960)、陈启鎏(1962)、吴宝华(1963)等氏的报告,均证实在我国淡水鱼类的寄生虫区系组成中,单殖吸虫占着很突出的地位。单殖吸虫中又以指环虫属Dactylogyrus最丰富,并已知其中有不少种类是导致幼鱼大量死亡的病原体。因此,了解我国淡水主要养殖鱼类(青,草,鲢,鳙,鲤,鲫,鳊,鲂等)寄生指环虫的鉴别特征和方法,对鱼类单殖吸虫病的防治,具有一定的意义。故以浅知写成本文,供初学者和鱼病普查工作者参考。  相似文献   

10.
鮈亚科Gobioninae鳈属Sarcocheilichthys鱼类是我国习见的小型鱼类。这属鱼类的寄生单殖吸虫,曾为Gussev(1955)在华鳈S.sinensis上报道过一个种Dacrylogycusnovicularis,吴宝华(1962)在其上又报道一种杭州锚首虫Ancyrocephalus hangchowensis,后一作者(1963)又在黑鳍鳈S.nigripinnis nigripinnis上发现一种黑鳍鲸锚首虫Ancyr,nigri-pinnis。在小鳈S.parvus Nichols上,至今尚未见有报道。1979—1980年,作者等在贵州东部该鱼鳃上采得两种寄生指环虫,经鉴定,均为新种,现描述于下。量度单位为毫米。  相似文献   

11.
Whereas the effect of parasites on food webs is increasingly recognised and has been extensively measured and modelled, the effect of food webs on the structure of parasite assemblages has not been quantified in a similar way. Here, we apply the concept of decay in community similarity with increasing distance, previously used for parasites in geographical, phylogenetic and ontogenetic contexts, to differences in the trophic level (TL) based on diet composition of fishes. It is proposed as an accurate quantitative method to measure rates of assemblage change as a function of host feeding habits and is applied, to our knowledge for the first time, across host species in marine waters. We focused on a suite of 15 species of trophically-transmitted and non-specific larval helminths across 16 fish species (1783 specimens, six orders, 14 families) with different sizes and TLs, gathered from the same ecosystem. Not all host species harboured the same number and types of parasites, reflecting the differences in their ecological characteristics. Using differences in TL and body length as measurements of size and trophic distances, we found that similarity at both infracommunity and component community levels showed a very clear decay pattern, based on parasite abundance and relative abundance, with increasing distance in TL, but was not related to changes in fish size, with TL thus emerging as the main explanatory factor for similarity of parasite assemblages. Furthermore, the relationships between host TL and assemblage similarity allowed identification of fishes for which the TL was under- or over-estimated and prediction of the TL of host species based on parasite data alone.  相似文献   

12.
Duong  B.  Blomberg  S. P.  Cribb  T. H.  Cowman  P. F.  Kuris  A. M.  McCormick  M. I.  Warner  R. R.  Sun  D.  Grutter  A. S. 《Coral reefs (Online)》2019,38(2):199-214

The pelagic larval stage is a critical component of the life cycle of most coral reef fishes, but the adaptive significance of this stage remains controversial. One hypothesis is that migrating through the pelagic environment reduces the risk a larval fish has of being parasitised. Most organisms interact with parasites, often with significant, detrimental consequences for the hosts. However, little is known about the parasites that larval fish have upon settlement, and the factors that affect the levels of parasitism. At settlement, coral reef fishes vary greatly in size and age (pelagic larval duration), which may influence the degree of parasitism. We identified and quantified the parasites of pre-settlement larvae from 44 species of coral reef fishes from the Great Barrier Reef and explored their relationship with host size and age at settlement, and phylogeny. Overall, less than 50% of the larval fishes were infected with parasites, and over 99% of these were endoparasites. A Bayesian phylogenetic regression was used to analyse host-parasite (presence and intensity) associations. The analysis showed parasite presence was not significantly related to fish size, and parasite intensity was not significantly related to fish age. A phylogenetic signal was detected for both parasite presence and intensity, indicating that, overall, closely related fish species were likely to have more similar susceptibility to parasites and similar levels of parasitism when compared to more distantly related species. The low prevalence of infection with any parasite type and the striking rarity of ectoparasites is consistent with the ‘parasite avoidance hypothesis’, which proposes that the pelagic phase of coral reef fishes results in reduced levels of parasitism.

  相似文献   

13.
The pattern of parasite species diversification and specialization, appreciated by host range, is investigated in fish parasites. We test whether host range is linked with phylogeny at a high taxonomic level, and if there is a relationship between host range and host species diversification. For this purpose we used two sets of data, one on macro-parasites of marine fishes of the Mediterranean Sea and the other on macro-parasites of marine and freshwater fishes of Canada. Similar patterns of host range among parasitic groups were found. Our findings suggest that habitat (marine vs freshwater) and geographic localization (Canada vs Mediterranean region) play little role in determining the observed patterns of host range. We highlight the potential influence of phylogeny (high-taxonomic level) on the level host range in parasites. We find that parasites with free-swimming larval stages and with direct life cycles have a narrower range of host species than do parasites with indirect life cycle, even if we cannot control for phylogenetic effects because of the lack of variation of life cycles within each parasitic group. Finally, a positive relationship was found between the number of known hosts and parasite species diversity in the case of Mediterranean parasite species. The relationship between host range and species diversification should be related to the mechanism of cospeciation.  相似文献   

14.
The factors that determine parasite assemblages among the clariid fishes of Lake Victoria, Tanzania were studied between August 2003 and February 2005. Six hundred and fifty-six fish belonging to seven species were necropsied and examined for parasites, from which 31 species of metazoan parasites were recorded. The community was dominated by the nematodes both in species and numbers. Most species were generalists with only two trematodes, Diplostomum mashonense and Tylodelphys species, being specialists of Clarias gariepinus. Ten species were considered core and predictable. Parasite species richness, number of individuals per host and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices were generally high. At the compound community level, a mean number of 7.8 parasites were shared among different species of fish and the maximum number of parasites species per fish at the infracommunity level was seven. Levels of similarity in parasite species richness at the component community level ranged from 29.6 to 61.5%. The study concludes that parasite communities in clariid fishes of Lake Victoria are structured by ecological factors. At the infracommunity level, host size, diet and vagility promoted a richer parasite community. At the compound level, two factors were crucial, namely the intermixing of the waters in the lake and the predominant and mobile C. gariepinus.  相似文献   

15.
Parasite communities tend to be dissimilar in hosts that are geographically, phylogenetically, ecologically and developmentally distant from one another. The decay of community similarity is a powerful and increasingly common method of studying parasite beta diversity, but most studies have examined only a single type of distance. Here, we evaluate distances based on the phylogeny, ecology, spatial proximity and size of hosts, as predictors of the similarity of parasite communities in individual hosts, host populations and host species. We surveyed parasites in six species of fish collected simultaneously from six localities in the St. Lawrence River, Canada, and species in a common group of larval parasites were discriminated using DNA sequences from barcode region of cytochrome c oxidase I. Distances based on the habitat use patterns of host species were good predictors of short‐term, ecological similarity of parasite communities, such as that operating at the scale of the individual host. The genetic distance between host species was associated with almost all types of similarity at all scales, particularly qualitative and phylogenetic similarity of parasite communities at the level of populations and meta‐populations of hosts. The trophic level, diet, spatial proximity and size of hosts were poor predictors of parasite community similarity. The increased taxonomic resolution provided by molecular data increased the explanatory power of regression models, and different factors were implicated when parasite species were distinguished with DNA barcodes than when larval parasites were lumped into morphospecies, as is commonly practiced.  相似文献   

16.
The parasite communities of fish in three reservoirs (Temengor, Kenering and Cenderuh) along the Perak River, as well as in the lower Perak, are compared. A total of 36 species, 51 species, 61 species and 58 species of metazoan parasites from six types of fishes common in all studied locations, were obtained in Temengor, Kenering, Cenderuh Reservoirs, and downstream Perak River, respectively. The various criteria (prevalence, mean intensity, diversity index, similarity index and evenness) of the parasite community were highest at the Cenderuh Reservoir, followed by the downstream river, Kenering, and Temengor Reservoirs. Monogeneans were the most common parasites in all species of fish examined from all study sites. Fish of the same species showed a high degree of similarity of its parasite fauna regardless of study site, but different hosts had a low similarity of their parasite fauna, even within the same study site. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

17.
A checklist of protozoa parasitizing fishes in the Volga basin is given. The checklist includes host species names for the each parasite and data on the occurrence of parasites in different parts of the Volga basin. The data on parasitic protozoa from 52 fish species are presented. The list containes 224 species and 10 subspecies names of the parasites. 9 species (Trypanosoma gracilis, Eimeria cheni, E. sinensis, Zschokkella striata, Chloromyxum cyprini, Myxobolus amurensis, M. driagini, M. pavlovskii, and Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni) were introduced into the Volga basin from the Amur basin along with acclimatizated fishes.  相似文献   

18.
The goals of this paper were to investigate phylogenetic and evolutionary patterns of cichlid fish from West Africa and their Cichlidogyrus and Scutogyrus monogenean parasites, to uncover the presence of host-parasite cospeciation and to assess the level of morphological adaptation in parasites. This required the following steps, each one representing specific objectives of this paper: (1) to build phylogenetic trees for Cichlidogyrus and Scutogyrus species based on ribosomal DNA sequences, (2) to investigate phylogenetic relationships within West African cichlid fish based on the analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequences, (3) to investigate host-parasite cophylogenetic history to gain clues on parasite speciation process, and (4) to investigate the link between the morphology of the attachment apparatus and parasite phylogeny. Phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyletic origin of the Cichlidogyrus/Scutogyrus group, and suggested that Cichlidogyrus is polyphyletic and that Scutogyrus is monophyletic. The phylogeny of Cichlidae supported the separation of mouthbrooders and substrate-brooders and is consistent with the hypothesis that the mouthbrooding behavior of Oreochromis and Sarotherodon evolved from substrate-brooding behavior. The mapping of morphological characters of the haptor onto the parasite phylogenetic tree suggests that the attachment organ has evolved from a very simple form to a more complex one. The cophylogenetic analyses indicated a significant fit between trees using distance-based tests, but no significant cospeciation signal using tree-based tests, suggesting the presence of parasite duplications and host switches on related host species. This shed some light on the diversification process of Cichlidogyrus species parasitizing West African cichlids.  相似文献   

19.
Twenty-three species of metazoan parasites were recorded from adult spot and 26 from adult croaker. Of the 33 parasitic species found, 17 occurred in both spot and croaker. No significant differences in intensity of parasites occurred between sexes of either spot or croaker. All of the parasites had over-dispersed, or clumped, distributions among hosts. Adult spot and croaker collected offshore had much greater species-richness, diversity, and total number of individual parasites than juvenile fishes collected in adjoining estuaries during another study. The juvenile spot and croaker had less time to acquire parasites and inhabited less diverse and more confined habitats in inshore estuaries, which resulted in less diverse parasite communities than offshore fishes. The number of species and diversity of parasites in adult fish was greater in croaker than spot. However, when only gastrointestinal helminths were considered, spot had greater species-richness as well as greater numbers of individual helminths, suggesting that they had a more diverse diet and that they fed on more infected intermediate hosts than croaker. In both adult spot and croaker the mean number of parasitic species was greater than those of freshwater fishes and fewer than those for birds and mammals. The total number of individual parasites was similar to that of freshwater fishes. The opportunistic diet and the migratory habits of both spot and croaker contribute to their diverse parasite faunas. Comparison of adult spot and croaker parasite faunas collected offshore indicated that their respective parasite component communities were distinct and that similar parasite infracommunity variability existed in both hosts and that their communities were not ‘random’ samples, but restricted subsets of the compound community. Although the parasite dominance hierarchy in adults of both species varied slightly between areas and seasons sampled, there appeared to be a predictable dominant species that was accompanied by subordinate, less predictable species. However, the variability in both relative intensities and presence-absence of parasites within communities resulting from their diverse diets make them less predictable than those of other vertebrates with less diverse diets such as the lesser scaup duck and more like those of other marine fishes.  相似文献   

20.
The spatial distribution of 6 parasite species (Myxobolus sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Sterliadochona ephemeridarum, Plagioporus sinitsini, Allopodocotyle chiliticorum, Allocreadium lucyae) was studied in 5 species of fishes (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Clinostomus funduloides, Notropis chiliticus, Rhinichthys atratulus, Semotilus atromaculatus) in Basin Creek, an Appalachian stream in North Carolina. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and vector fitting were used to determine if the proximity of sampling sites was related to community similarity. Position along Basin Creek was significantly related to parasite community structure. Breaks in parasite community composition were imposed by waterfalls at upstream areas of Basin Creek that restricted distributions of C. funduloides, N. chiliticus, and S. atromaculatus and at the downstream limit of the study area by a break in the distribution of S. ephemeridarum coincident with the existence of a dam but were independent of suitable piscine host distributions. These discontinuities in parasite community composition imply that the relationship between proximity of sites and community similarity is predictive because distance between sites is related to the probability that fish at different sampling sites recruit parasites from different species pools. This relationship is not the same for all component communities.  相似文献   

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