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1.
本研究使用PCR技术扩增得到2 743 bp长度的大口黑鲈IGFBP1基因序列,序列含4个外显子和3个内含子,编码263个氨基酸。采用直接测序法在IGFBP1基因上筛选到4个SNPs位点,分别位于该基因核苷酸序列中的第147个、第791个、第2 436个和第2 676个碱基,其中2个位点位于外显子上,A-141C位点发生了同义突变,C-791T发生了错义突变,随机检测同批430尾实验个体中4个位点的基因型,均符合Hardy-Weinberg定律。其中A-2436G和C-2676T位点完全连锁,组成单倍型标记H1。分析H1标记中的AB和AA基因型实验群体,显示两者在尾柄长、全长指标上存在显著差异(p0.05)。综合分析表明,H1标记可用于大口黑鲈分子辅助育种研究。  相似文献   

2.
张增荣  朱庆  蒋小松  杜华锐 《遗传》2007,29(8):982-988
为了探讨CAPN1基因作为影响鸡肌肉嫩度候选基因的可能性, 寻找与鸡嫩度性状相关的分子标记, 对钙蛋白酶Ⅰ(CAPN1)基因的CDS区进行SNPs 检测, 分析不同基因型在5个优质肉鸡纯品系和3个配套系间分布规律。利用测序和单链构象多态(SSCP)的方法进行SNPs 检测和基因型的分析, 计算等位基因频率、各位点多态信息含量。结果发现2546位(位点A) 处发生点突变由C→T和3535位(位点B)处发生点突变由G→A。各位点的3 种基因型与肉鸡生产性状的最小二乘分析结果表明,各位点的各种基因型个体在肌纤维密度和部分屠体性状指标存在显著差异(P< 0.05)。初步推断CAPN1基因可能是影响鸡嫩度性状潜在的主效基因或与主效基因连锁, 并且这些位点具有成为分子标记的潜在可能。  相似文献   

3.
为了解与大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长性状相关分子标记优势基因型的聚合效果, 研究选择先前已获得的13个与生长性状相关的分子标记, 位于PCK1、HSBP1、FOXO3b、MYH、HSC70-1、CTSB、HBP、POU1F1、PACAP、IGF-I、ghrelin、ApoproteinA1和MSTN基因上。在40尾亲本群体中对各标记的基因型进行检测, 选择可聚合优势基因型最多的2对亲本分别构建家系。在9月龄时, 从2个家系子代中分别采集305尾和266尾个体进行生长性状测量和各标记的基因型分析。家系1子代个体中含生长相关优势基因型的数量为0—6个, 对应的个体数依次为8、26、75、74、76、35和11, 对应的平均体质量依次为185.03、196.46、198.73、212.59、222.66、235.54和261.27 g。家系2子代个体中含生长相关优势基因型的数量为1—6个, 对应的平均体质量依次为184.43、213.17、243.77、249.98、252.11和266.00 g。个体中生长相关优势基因型聚合数量多少与生长性状呈正相关, 提示通过对生长相关优势基因型进行聚合可获得生长性状优良的大口黑鲈, 为大口黑鲈分子标记辅助育种的应用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
鳜脂蛋白脂酶基因SNP及其与食性驯化相关性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Yang YH  Liang XF  Fang R  Peng MY  Huang ZD 《遗传》2011,33(9):996-1002
鳜食性奇特,通常情况下拒食死饵或配合饲料,在长期的养殖过程中发现:通过驯养,能逐步诱导部分鳜以非活饵为食。通过分子标记定向选育易驯化鳜并使用人工饲料大规模养殖,可以有效解决鳜养殖中存在的成本高、污染严重、病害严重等问题。脂蛋白脂酶基因(Lipoprotein lipase LPL)是脂蛋白代谢的关键酶之一,生理功能是将乳糜微粒和极低密度脂蛋白核心的甘油三酯催化分解为甘油和脂肪酸,以供组织氧化供能和贮存。文章采用PCR产物直接测序法对鳜脂蛋白脂酶基因6、7内含子和6、7、8外显子进行了SNPs遗传多态性检测和分析,探寻LPL基因的等位基因及其基因型在两个食性驯化表型群体中的分布情况。结果在第7外显子处共检测到3个SNPs位点(A25T、G26T和C29G),其中A25T、C29G两个为非同义突变。利用卡方检验分析驯化与未驯化组,结果表明LPL基因3个SNPs位点对鳜的食性驯化不具显著差异性(P>0.05)。将3个SNPs位点不同基因型组合成5种双倍型,卡方检验表明双倍型Dip2在两组中存在显著差异(P<0.05)。文章成功完成鳜LPL基因组部分区段多态性分析,因而可以考虑将LPL基因作为影响鳜食性驯化的候选基因,作为遗传标记,为今后的标记辅助选择育种工作奠定基础,具有广泛的应用前景。  相似文献   

5.
大口黑鲈生长性状的微卫星DNA标记筛选   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
本研究在人工养殖的大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides L.)群体中对40个微卫星位点进行扩增, 运用卡方检验分析微卫星位点在极端大个体组和极端小个体组中的基因型分布差异, 选择差异显著的16个微卫星位点对大口黑鲈随机群体进行基因型与性状的关联分析, 同时分析群体的遗传多样性。结果表明: 关联分析得到7个微卫星位点(JZL60、JZL67、JZL72、JZL124、MiSaTPW76、MiSaTPW117和MiSaTPW173)与体重、体长和体高显著或极显著相关(P<0.05或P<0.01), 同时对差异显著的位点进行不同基因型间与生长性状的多重比较, 找到了与体重、体长和体高性状相关的最有利基因型为JZL60位点的AA、JZL67位点的BB、JZL72位点的AC、MiSaTPW76位点的BB和MiSaTPW117位点的BC。应用这16个微卫星位点对随机群体进行遗传多样性分析, 共检测到47个等位基因,平均等位基因2.938个,每个位点检测到的等位基因数为2~5个、群体的平均观测杂合度、平均期望杂合度和平均多态信息含量分别为0.515、0.500和0.445, 表明该群体遗传多样性处于中等水平。  相似文献   

6.
地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa)是一种具有较高药用价值和经济价值的植物。准确的品种鉴定对地黄种质管理和育种至关重要,使用SNP分子标记来鉴定地黄种质和构建指纹图谱对地黄分子标记育种提供了新方法。利用地黄转录组数据和SRA数据库中的3个地黄转录组数据比对,寻找候选SNP,用PCR技术扩增和序列分析研究28个地黄品种候选SNP变异。从地黄转录组数据中获得了102 075条Unigenes,其中共有SNP位点35 339个,发生频率为0.51/kb;从中随机选取40个候选SNP位点,设计引物39对,用PCR和序列分析从中筛选出7对好的SNP引物,包含8个多态性好的SNP位点;利用最终筛选出的8个SNP位点构建地黄指纹图谱,可以将17个不同地黄种质区分开,可用于地黄种间和种内品种的鉴定。  相似文献   

7.
神经肽Y (NPY)是鱼类摄食调控网络中具有促进食欲的摄食因子,NPY基因上的多态性可能影响鱼类的摄食进而对生长性状产生影响。本研究通过PCR扩增和直接测序在大口黑鲈NPY基因5'非编码区筛选获得1个SNP位点S1 (A-85C)。随机选取同塘饲养的12月龄大口黑鲈327尾作为分型群体,采用SNaPshot方法检测每尾鱼中S1位点的基因型,运用Popgene 32软件进行群体遗传结构分析。结果表明,S1位点共有3种基因型:AA、AC和CC,其分布频率分别为0.560、0.416和0.024。该位点在群体中的有效等位基因数(Ne)、观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为1.928、0.450和0.449,处于哈温平衡。采用一般线性模型分析不同基因型与大口黑鲈生长性状之间的相关性,结果显示:AC基因型群体的平均体质量、体宽、全长和体高分别高于AA基因型群体和CC基因型群体,其中AC基因型个体的平均体质量比CC基因型个体的平均体质量增加了15.37%,但在统计上均没有达到显著相关(p0.05)。这可能与CC基因型个体明显偏少,只占分型群体的2.4%有关。  相似文献   

8.
为研究中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)肌肉生长抑制素基因(myostatin, MSTN)的多态性及其与生长性状的相关性, 对中华绒螯蟹3个群体(育种群体、大赛群体、野生群体)共321个个体MSTN基因的多态性进行筛选, 发现该基因的第1外显子存在3个多态性SNP位点(S1: C714T; S2:G729A; S3:G753T), 均为处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05)的中、高度多态性位点。利用一般线性模型分析3个位点及其基因型组合与生长性状的相关性, 发现S1位点对中华绒螯蟹的体重和壳长等生长性状有显著影响(P≤0.05), 而其余2个位点与生长性状无显著关联性。结果表明S1位点的TT基因型对中华绒螯蟹的生长最为有利, 可作为分子标记辅助育种的候选标记。  相似文献   

9.
对我国地方品种滩羊双羔群体进行SNP检测和多胎性状相关性研究,促进SNPs在双羔家系分子育种中的应用。从实验前期SNP筛选的基础上,利用候选基因飞行质谱法最终确定3种基因13个SNP位点作为候选位点,对滩羊双羔群体的多胎位点进行多态性检测,分析群体差异性,筛选多羔候选基因。关联分析表明:13个位点中有5个位点与多胎性能有关,3种遗传模型也被证实,但BMPR1B基因构建的单倍型却与多胎性能无关。本研究旨在为滩羊双羔分子标记本品种选种选配等分子辅助育种技术提供参考,保护与可持续利用地方家养动物稀有种质遗传资源,加快优质多胎肉羊的发展。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究牦牛α-酮戊二酸(盐)受体1(Oxoglutarate receptor 1,OXGR1)基因多态性与其体尺性状的相关性,本文以4-8岁天祝雄性(阉)白牦牛的血液DNA(n=192)为实验材料并构建DNA混合池。通过DNA直接测序法检测OXGR1的核苷酸序列潜在的多态位点;利用高分辨率熔解曲线分析技术(High Resolution Melting,HRM)进行分型。采用SHESIS软件对OXGR1基因多态位点进行连锁不平衡分析;运用PIC-Calc 0.6软件分析多态信息含量;采用卡方检验检测Hardy-Weinberg平衡;运用SPSS20.0软件对多态位点与体尺性状进行关联分析;运用RNAFOLD、ExPASy和Swiss-model软件对OXGR1基因突变前后的蛋白结构进行预测分析。结果表明:天祝白牦牛OXGR1基因有两个多态位点,分别为347(A/G)和678(G/A),每个位点均有3种基因型(AA、AG和GG),其优势基因型分别为GG和AA。两个SNPs均达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05),存在强连锁不平衡(D’0.75,R~20.33),且均表现为中度多态(0.25PIC0.5)。上述位点不同基因型在体斜长、体高、胸围和管围存在显著差异(P0.05)。分子结构预测显示:347位点处突变为错义突变,其编码的氨基酸由天冬酰胺变为丝氨酸。突变后OXGR1 mRNA二级结构、蛋白质二级结构及三级结构均发生改变。上述结果表明:OXGR1基因可作为牦牛分子育种的候选分子标记,为今后牦牛遗传资源的保护、开发以及新品种的选育提供依据。  相似文献   

11.
Li X  Bai J  Hu Y  Ye X  Li S  Yu L 《Molecular biology reports》2012,39(4):4359-4365
Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is involved in the regulation of somatic growth and metabolism in many fishes. IGF-II is an important candidate gene for growth traits in fishes and its polymorphisms were associated with the growth traits. The aim of this study is to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) IGF-II gene and to analyze potential association between IGF-II gene polymorphisms and growth traits in largemouth bass. Four SNPs (C127T, T1012G, C1836T and C1861T) were detected and verified by DNA sequencing in the largemouth bass IGF-II gene. These SNPs were found to organize into seven haplotypes, which formed 13 diplotypes (haplotype pairs). Association analysis showed that four individual SNPs were not significantly associated with growth traits. Significant associations were, however, noted between diplotypes and growth traits (P < 0.05). The fish with H1H3 (CTCC/CGCC) and H1H5 (CTCC/TTTT) had greater body weight than those with H1H1 (CTCC/CTCC), H1H2 (CTCC/TGTT) and H4H4 (TGCT/TGCT/) did. Our data suggest a significant association between genetic variations in the largemouth bass IGF-II gene and growth traits. IGF-II SNPs could be used as potential genetic markers in future breeding programs of largemouth bass.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Top–down control of phytoplankton biomass through piscivorous fish manipulation has been explored in numerous ecological and biomanipulation experiments. Piscivores are gape-limited predators and it is hypothesized that the distribution of gape sizes relative to distribution of body depths of prey fish may restrict piscivore effects cascading to plankton. We examined the top–down effects of piscivorous largemouth bass on nutrients, turbidity, phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish in ponds containing fish assemblages with species representing a range of body sizes and feeding habits (western mosquitofish, bluegill, channel catfish, gizzard shad and common carp). The experimental design consisted of three replicated treatments: fishless ponds (NF), fish community without largemouth bass (FC), and fish community with largemouth bass (FCB). Turbidity, chlorophyll a, cyclopoid copepodid and copepod nauplii densities were significantly greater in FC and FCB ponds than in NF ponds. However, these response variables were not significantly different in FC and FCB ponds. The biomass and density of shallow-bodied western mosquitofish were reduced and bluegill body depths shifted toward larger size classes in the presence of largemouth bass, but the biomass and density of all other fish species and of the total fish community were unaffected by the presence of largemouth bass. Our results show that top–down impacts of largemouth bass in ecosystems containing small- and deep-bodied fish species may be most intense at the top of the food web and alter the size distribution and species composition of the fish community. However, these top–down effects may not cascade to the level of the plankton when large-bodied benthivorous fish species are abundant.  相似文献   

14.
Two groups of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides , were reared in the laboratory. One group was reared on an artificial, passive diet (frozen brine shrimp) whereas the second was reared on a natural, active diet (cultured zooplankton). Observations on the development of feeding behaviour indicated that the motor patterns and duration (number of weeks in the behavioural repertoire) of the feeding acts did not differ between fry reared on the two diets. While feeding on their respective diets, natural-diet fry performed significantly more orientations and bites, the two major early feeding acts, than did the artificial-diet fry. When tested with live fish prey, fish reared on the natural diet performed fewer orientations and strikes and captured more prey per fry than did the artificial-diet fry. Natural-diet fry had a significantly better net efficiency (captures minus strikes minus orientations) than did artificial-diet fry. Diet, experience, and length (T.L.) of fry affected their predator efficiency significantly. We argue that providing hatchery-reared bass fry with an opportunity to prey on live forage fish once or twice before their release would enhance their survival and eventual recruitment into natural populations.  相似文献   

15.
 To test the size range of prey fish that largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, can successfully consume, live Japanese dace, Tribolodon hakonensis, were given as prey fish to individual largemouth bass in aquaria. The ratio of maximum standard length (SL) of the Japanese dace consumed by largemouth bass was 46–69% of bass SL. The maximum length of Japanese dace consumed did not differ significantly between largemouth bass and smallmouth bass (M. dolomieu) previously studied, although largemouth bass have relatively larger mouth sizes than smallmouth bass. Largemouth bass occasionally injured and killed Japanese dace larger than the limit that could be consumed.  相似文献   

16.
The influence of feeding on swimming performance and exercise recovery in fish is poorly understood. Examining swimming behavior and physiological status following periods of feeding and fasting is important because wild fish often face periods of starvation. In the current study, researchers force fed and fasted groups of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) of similar sizes for a period of 16 days. Following this feeding and fasting period, fish were exercised for 60 s and monitored for swimming performance and physiological recovery. Resting metabolic rates were also determined. Fasted fish lost an average of 16 g (nearly 12%) of body mass, while force fed fish maintained body mass. Force fed fish swam 28% further and required nearly 14 s longer to tire during exercise. However, only some physiological conditions differed between feeding groups. Resting muscle glycogen concentrations was twofold greater in force fed fish, at rest and throughout recovery, although it decreased in both feeding treatments following exercise. Liver mass was nearly three times greater in force fed fish, and fasted fish had an average of 65% more cortisol throughout recovery. Similar recovery rates of most physiological responses were observed despite force fed fish having a metabolic rate 75% greater than fasted fish. Results are discussed as they relate to largemouth bass starvation in wild systems and how these physiological differences might be important in an evolutionary context.  相似文献   

17.
Coarse woody habitat (CWH) may be a critical feature of lakes that influences fish distributions, movement patterns, and feeding habits. We used radio telemetry to examine the role of CWH in determining the movements of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacepede) in the context of two whole-lake experiments that provided a gradient of four lake basins varying in natural and manipulated CWH. We also conducted diet studies on largemouth bass in these lakes to test for correlates among consumption rate and prey selectivity with bass behavior. Our results indicated that largemouth bass in basins with lower CWH abundances had larger home ranges, spent more time in deep water, were more selective predators, and showed lower consumption rates. Largemouth bass in basins with higher CWH abundances showed the opposite patterns. Low CWH abundances were correlated with a shift in largemouth bass foraging behavior from sit-and-wait to actively searching. This increased activity, coupled with the potential decline of prey fish species in the absence of CWH, may decrease largemouth bass growth potential regardless of the prey type consumed. Our results suggest that lakeshore residential development and associated removals of CWH from lakes may influence fish behavior, while CWH augmentation may reverse some of those changes. Handling editor: Steven Declerck  相似文献   

18.
Annual cycles of growth and reproduction of hatchery–reared Florida largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides floridanus , were investigated. Animals were raised on either forage (goldfish, Carassius auratus ) or a pelleted salmon feed. Male and female year–class 1 largemouth bass were sampled throughout one complete yearly cycle (January–December). A biphasic growth cycle was observed in both forage–fed and pellet–fed fish. No increase in body length or weight was observed until approximately midway through the spawning period (May), after which fish grew at a consistent rate for the remainder of the study. The reproductive cycle of forage–fed fish was characterized by a rapid increase in gonadosomatic index (GS1) between January and April, followed by a prolonged spawning period (April–July) during which GSI progressively declined. Fully regressed gonads were observed in September and October, and a resumption of gonadal recrudescence was observed between October and December. Visceral adipose deposits (expressed as mesenteric fat index; MFI) were resorbed during gonadal growth and the initial stages of the spawning period, and restored during the post–spawning phase. Fish raised on pelleted feed had growth and reproductive cycles that parallelled those of forage–fed fish, but several significant differences were observed between the two diet groups. During the growth phase of the cycle, pellet–fed largemouth bass grew significantly faster than forage–fed largemouth bass, and had significantly larger MFIs than forage–fed largemouth bass at all times of the year. Pellet–fed fish also had significantly larger GSIs than forage–fed fish. These data indicate that diet composition may be an important determinant of growth and reproductive function in this species.  相似文献   

19.
Synopsis The potential for feeding competition between largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, and blue tilapia, Oreochromis areus, in Lake Fairfield, Texas was evaluated experimentally. Largemouth bass and blue tilapia were grown in cages alone and in combination with each other. The fish were allowed to feed on the natural food within the lake. Largemouth bass grown in combination with blue tilapia were significantly shorter and weighed less than largemouth bass grown alone. Blue tilapia grown in combination with largemouth bass were statistically significantly longer and heavier than blue tilapia grown alone. Largemouth bass grown alone had diets (volume and number of food items) significantly different than the largemouth bass grown with the blue tilapia. Largemouth bass fed primarily on chironomid larvae and pupae, and odonates, whereas blue tilapia consumed vegetable matter, detritus, and chironomid larvae. Length and weight differences between large-mouth bass grown alone and in combination with blue tilapia, in conjunction with the largemouth bass diet shift, support the theory that these two species compete for food resources.  相似文献   

20.
为了研究摄食和饥饿对鱼类游泳运动能力和低氧耐受的影响; 以大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)为对象, 在25℃下, 测定对照组(禁食2d)、摄食组(摄食后3h)和饥饿组(禁食16d)实验鱼的日常代谢率(RMR)、活跃代谢率(AMR)、代谢范围(MS)、临界游泳速度(Ucrit)、临界氧压(Pcrit)和失去平衡点(LOE)。研究显示摄食后实验鱼RMR显著提升, AMR没有显著变化, 而MS和Ucrit显著下降(P<0.05); 饥饿后实验鱼RMR、AMR和MS均没有显著变化, 而Ucrit显著下降(P<0.05); 摄食后实验鱼Pcrit显著上升, 溶解氧(DO)高于Pcrit时的代谢率(MR)与DO之间的关系的斜率显著大于对照组所对应的斜率, 而LOE没有变化(P<0.05); 饥饿后实验鱼Pcrit和LOE均没有显著变化, 而DO 低于Pcrit时的MR与DO之间的关系的斜率显著小于对照组所对应的斜率(P<0.05)。结果表明, 摄食削弱大口黑鲈游泳运动能力是因为“心鳃”系统对其有氧代谢能力的限制; 饥饿后大口黑鲈游泳运动能力下降可能与其无氧代谢能力下降相关; 摄食削弱大口黑鲈的低氧耐受, 而饥饿后其低氧耐受有所增强, 但大口黑鲈低氧耐受总体趋于保守。  相似文献   

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