中国荷斯坦牛POU1F1基因与PRL基因的多态性及其聚合效应对产奶性状的影响

文章采用DNA测序、PCR-RFLP和CRS-PCR技术对979头中国荷斯坦牛POU1F1基因与PRL基因进行研究,发现了3个新SNPs,分别是POU1F1基因第二外显子G1178C、PRL基因5侧翼区A906G和A1134G。采用SAS统计软件GLM程序,利用最小二乘法拟合线性模型,分析基因多态性与产奶性状的关系。结果表明:POU1F1基因1178位点GC基因型在产奶量、乳蛋白量、乳脂量方面均为优良基因型。PRL基因5侧翼区906位点AG基因型在产奶量方面为优良基因型,1134位点不同基因型产奶性状差异不显著。对PRL基因5侧翼区的906位点和POU1F1基因的1178位点进行基因互作分析,结果在乳脂率、乳蛋白率、产奶量、乳蛋白量和乳脂量方面各基因型组合之间均未观察到显著差异,说明基因聚合效应并不是单基因效应的简单相加,基因聚合效应在分子育种中具有更重要的意义。     

秦川牛和中国荷斯坦牛POU1F1基因多态性研究

采用PCR-RFLP技术研究了秦川牛(QQ)和中国荷斯坦牛(HC)共计218头个体POU1F1基因的多态性。结果表明: 秦川牛及中国荷斯坦牛群体POU1F1-HinfⅠ基因座的451 bp 的PCR产物经限制性酶HinfⅠ消化后表现多态, 其等位基因A/B频率分别为0.232/0.768、0.132/0.868; 两个群体AA、AB和BB 3种基因型的频率分别为0.030/0.403/0.567、0.007/0.251/0.742。在该基因座秦川牛群体处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态, 中国荷斯坦牛群体处于不平衡状态。它们在该基因座的杂合度、有效等位基因数、Shannon信息熵、多态信息含量分别为0.356/1.553/0.541/0.292、0.229/1.297/0.390/0.203; 秦川牛群体的位点杂合度、有效等位基因数、Shannon信息熵、多态信息含量均大于中国荷斯坦牛群体。     

不同基因型对南阳牛生长发育性状的影响

以南阳牛为实验动物,利用PCR-SSCP和PCR-RFLP技术研究了南阳牛生长激素(GH)基因,IGF-I基因以及IGF-IBP3基因的遗传多态,并分析了遗传多态位点对南阳牛0月龄、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄以及36月龄不同生长时期生长发育性状的影响.结果表明: 在6月龄～18月龄,GH基因的GH-P5位点的BB基因型对南阳牛的体长、体高显著的正效应;在生长的后期(24月龄～36月龄),IGF-IBP3-P5基因位点对南阳牛的后躯发育起主要调控作用,BB基因型个体的尻宽显著高于AA型.这表明基因的正效应不是在所有的生长周期表现,而是在特定的时期内表现对南阳牛生长发育的显著影响.     

藏猪人工培育种群POU1F1第4内含子SNP检测及其与生长发育性状关联分析

本文测定了四川省蒲江县猪场饲养的108头阿坝藏猪垂体特异性转录因子-1(POU1F1)第4内含子的DNA序列。结果显示108条序列共有4个SNP位点,它们分别为:g.13952A>G、g.14192T>C、g.14384G>C、g.14464T>A,构成6个单体型(H1^H6)和发现11种单体型组合(H1H1、H1H2、H1H4、H1H5、H1H6、H2H2、H2H6、H3H3、H3H4、H5H6、H6H6)。同时测定了2月龄100头、3月龄86头、4月龄82头藏猪的14项生长发育性状,结果表明公母猪在2月龄和3月龄时在发育上未表现出统计差异,仅在4月龄出现胸围和腹围上的统计差异。生长发育性状与单体型组合的关联分析表明,单体型组合H1H1的长势在所测单体型组合中最慢,这提示在对该藏猪群体进一步小型化培育的过程中应注意单体型H1H1个体的选留以备继续观察研究。     

13/17罗伯逊易位猪POU1F1基因多态性

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养制备染色体标本, 对13/17罗伯逊易位猪的3种杂交组合的394头后代进行核型分析, 出现3种核型猪：13/17易位纯合子猪[2n=36, XY或XX, rob(13;17)]、13/17易位杂合子猪[2n=37, XY或XX, rob(13;17)]和正常核型猪[2n=38, XY或XX]。应用PCR-RFLP技术在POU1F1基因的1 746 bp扩增片段中检测到1个RsaⅠ限制性内切酶的多态位点。应用PCR-SSCP技术检测POU1F1基因第4外显子, 在3种杂交后代群中均未检测到突变。遗传多态性分析结果表明：RsaⅠ酶切多态位点的突变在3种杂交后代群中A等位基因和AA基因型频率占优势, 在3种核型群体中也是A等位基因和AA基因型频率占优势, 其中AB基因型频率在易位杂合型群体中较高。各杂交后代群均未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡, 不同核型群亦处于非平衡状态。13/17易位杂合子猪×13/17易位杂合子猪和13/17易位杂合子猪×约克两杂交后代群的PIC表现为中度多态, 而13/17易位杂合子猪×皮杜杂交后代群表现为低度多态; 易位杂合型群体表现为中度多态, 正常核型和易位纯合型群体表现低度多态性。     

不同生长时期基因调控对南阳牛生长发育的影响

以南阳牛为试验动物,利用PCR-SSCP和PCR-RFLP技术研究了南阳牛生长激素（GH）基因,IGF-I基因以及IGF-IBP3基因的遗传多态,并分析了遗传多态位点对南阳牛0月龄、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄以及36月龄不同生长时期生长发育性状的影响。结果表明： 在6月龄～18月龄,GH基因的GH-P5位点的BB基因型对南阳牛的体长、体高显著的正效应;在生长的后期（24月龄～36月龄）,IGF-IBP3-P5基因位点对南阳牛的后躯发育起主要调控作用,BB基因型个体的尻宽显著高于AA型。这表明基因的正效应不是在所有的生长周期表现,而是在特定的时期表现对南阳牛生长发育的显著影响。     

MC4R、POU1F1基因对京海黄鸡生长性能的遗传效应

以MC4R和POU1F1基因为候选基因, 采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术检测两个候选基因在京海黄鸡群体中的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs), 同时对候选基因与京海黄鸡生长性能的相关性进行了研究。结果表明, MC4R基因编码区第662 bp位置有G→C碱基的点突变, 在京海黄鸡中检测到AA、AB、BB 3种基因型, A等位基因频率为0.929, B等位基因频率为0.071; 在POU1F1基因exon3在序列的第5 231 bp位置有一个A→T碱基的点突变, 检测到CC、CD、DD 3种基因型, C等位基因频率为0.500, D等位基因频率为0.500。采用GLM模型分析基因型对生长性能的遗传效应, 结果表明, MC4R基因AA基因型个体的4、8、12周龄体重显著地高于BB型个体(P<0.05), 16周龄体重差异极显著(P<0.01); POU1F1基因CD基因型个体体重极显著高于CC型和DD型(P<0.01)。因此推测MC4R和POU1F1基因可能是影响鸡生长性状的主效基因或与主效基因紧密连锁的标记基因, 能够在分子标记辅助选择中用于对鸡生长性状的遗传改良。     

牛POMC基因多态性及其与南阳牛生长性状的相关分析

为研究阿片黑皮质素前体(POMC)在动物采食和能量平衡调控中发挥重要作用, 文章采用PCR-SSCP结合DNA测序方法, 对秦川牛、南阳牛、郏县红牛、晋南牛、鲁西牛、安格斯牛和荷斯坦奶牛共计480头个体POMC基因的多态性进行研究, 并分析了多态位点与南阳牛生长性状的相关性。结果表明, 牛POMC基因3个位点中, 在3′侧翼区P3位点新发现3个连锁存在的SNP(811845 C>T、811821 T>C和811797 A>G, 与NW_928357对照)。POMC基因3′侧翼区多态位点与南阳牛6月龄体重和0~6月龄平均日增重显著相关, BB型个体显著大于AA型(P<0.05)。     

猪POU1F1基因5’侧翼区克隆及序列分析

POU1F1基因是POU基因家族的成员之一,对哺乳动物的早期发育和相关基因启动表达起重要的调控作用。本文利用染色体步移技术,从长白猪基因组中首次克隆到了约1．5kb的POU1F1基因5’侧翼区序列,并利用相关软件对其进行了序列分析和物种间POU1F1基因5’侧翼区序列比对及进化树构建。结果表明所克隆的片段中含典型的TATA盒（-57）和类CAAT盒序列（-87）。TESS软件分析发现在启动子附近有一系列潜在的重要的转录因子结合位点。序列比对结果表明不同物种POU1F1基因的转录起始点上游-150bp区域保守性较强,可能是启动子的核心序列。其中猪与牛的同源性最高,其次是黑猩猩、人、狗,与大鼠、小鼠和鸡同源性较低,与斑马鱼序列同源性最低。同源序列主要集中在转录起始点上游-150bp至-1000bp区域。Vista中的MLAGAN程序构建的系统进化树真实反应了物种间进化关系。     

南阳牛DGAT2基因PCR-RFLP多态性及其与生长性状相关性研究

以131头纯种南阳牛为研究材料, 利用PCR－RFLPs对二酰甘油酰基转移酶2(DGAT2)基因的第6内含子和第7内含子的多态性及其与生长发育的相关性进行了分析。结果表明: 南阳牛在该位点分别检测到两种等位基因A/B和N/M, 频率分别为0.875/0.125和0.971/0.029。A和N等位基因是群体中的优势等位基因。该基因内含子6对南阳牛6月龄的体高、2岁体重、6月龄到两岁的胸围和体斜长都有显著的影响, 内含子6的AA基因型的6月龄的体高比杂合型高3.8 %, 两岁体重高3.9%, 6月龄到两岁的胸围分别高3.8%、3.4%、3.7%、4.3%; 6月龄到两岁的体斜长分别高3.8%、3.6%、3.8%、3.1%。内含子7对18月龄和两岁的坐骨端宽有极显著的影响(P<0.01); 对两岁的胸围有显著的影响(P<0.05)。     

Effect of Genetic Variations of the POU1F1 Gene on Growth Traits of Nanyang Cattle

PCR-RFLP was applied to analyze the effect of the genetic variations of the POU1F1 gene on growth traits of 100 Nanyang cattle. The results showed that the 451 bp PCR product digested with Hinf I demonstrated polymorphism in the population, which was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Moreover, the frequencies of alleles A/B in the Nanyang population were 0.465/0.535. The association of the variations of the POU1F1 gene with the growth traits in the population was analyzed. The following parameters were greater in individuals with a genotype BB than in those with an genotype AB: birth weight, average weight increase before ablactation, body height at 12 months, body weight, body length, and chest girth at 6 months and 12 months (P<0.05). The body weight at 12 months was higher in the BB individuals than in the AA individuals (P <0.05). The body weight and body sizes also showed a trend of allele B> allele A in the other age groups. Therefore, the genotype BB maybe a dominant genotype and the allele B may be a dominant allele. These results imply that the allele B of the POU1F1 gene is likely to positively affect the growth traits.     

Genetic Variants in ADD1 Gene and their Associations with Growth Traits in Cattle

The α-adducin (ADD1) is a subunit of adducin which is a cytoskeleton heterodimeric protein. Adducin participates in oocytes chromosome meiosis of mice, prompting adducin has an effect on embryonic development. Adducin gene mutation has significantly functional change. So the present study was to identify and characterize polymorphisms within the coding region of the bovine ADD1 gene among different cattle breeds. Here, 11 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs 1–11) were identified by DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism, there were one synonymous mutation in exon 1 (SNP1); four missense mutations in exons 4, 7, and 8 (SNPs 3–6); and six mutations in introns 4, 12, 13, and 14 (SNPs 2, 7–10). The statistical analyses indicated that the some SNPs are associated with the growth traits (body length, body height, chest circumference, and hucklebone width) in Chinese Jiaxian cattle population. Our results provide evidence that polymorphisms in the ADD1 gene are associated with growth traits, and may be used for marker-assisted selection in beef cattle breeding program.     

Genetic Variant of MYLK4 Gene and its Association with Growth Traits in Chinese Cattle

As a member of MYLK family, MYLK4 gene may play a vital role in muscle development. In this study, one novel single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified the bovine MYLK4 by sequencing pooled DNA samples (pool-Seq) and forced polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (forced PCR-RFLP) methods. Overall, we reported one mutation (SNP1) in the intron 10 region within the bovine MYLK4 gene in 559 individuals representing five main cattle breeds from China (Nanyang, NY; Qinchuan; Jiaxian, JX; Pinan cattle; and Caidamu cattle, CDM). Genotype AA and allele A were predominant in the QC, PN, and XN populations. Association analysis with growth traits in the QC breed showed that the animals with genotype GG had significantly greater chest breadth and hip width (P?<?0.05). Meanwhile, the genotype GG was strongly associated with withers height and body length than those with genotype AA (P?<?0.01 or P?<?0.05) at 12 months in the NY breed. These statistical results exhibited that the MYLK4 gene might be a potential candidate gene to improve cattle’s growth traits, and the SNP could be used as molecular markers in early marker-assisted selection (MAS) in beef cattle breeding program.     

Combined Haplotypes of CaSR Gene Sequence Variants and Their Associations with Growth Traits in Cattle

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a Class C G-protein coupled receptor that regulates food intake and assimilation. However, studies on the relationship between CaSR gene and growth traits in cattle are deficient. The aim of this study was to examine the association of the CaSR polymorphism with growth traits in cattle breeds. Four novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one previously reported SNP (NC_007299.5: g.67630865T>C, 67638409G>C, 67660395G>C, 67661546C>G, and 67661892A>C) were identified in the bovine CaSR gene using DNA sequencing and PCR-SSCP methods in 520 individuals from three representative breeds. The three SNP P4_2, P7_1, and P7_4 in LX, QC, and JX cattle populations belonged to intermediate genetic diversity (0.25?相似文献