海南龙血树DNA提取与ISSR反应体系的优化

目的:从海南龙血树叶片巾提取出高质量的总DNA,建立与优化海南龙血树ISSR的反应体系.方法:采用4种DNA提取方法,提取海南龙血树叶片中的总DNA,并对DNA进行紫外和电泳检测.采用改良CTAB法提取了基因组DNA模板,对海南龙血树ISSR-PCR反应体系中各个主要影响因子进行了优化和筛选.结果:改良CTAB法提取的DNA A260/A260在1.7～1.9之间,纯度高、杂质少、DNA完整性好.根据PCR产物的琼脂精凝胶检测结果,由试验得到的最佳反应体系为:60ng模板DNA,1.5mmol/L Mg2+,0.25mmol/L dNTPs,1.0μmol/L引物,1U Taq酶,总体积为20μl.结论:改良CTAB法可以从海南龙血树叶片中提取高质最DNA,该反应体系适用于应用ISSR标记开展海南龙血树DNA指纹、遗传多样性等研究.     

山茶花叶片DNA提取及RAPD反应体系的研究

山茶花（Camellia japonica L.）是我国特产的名贵花卉之一,由于其品种繁多,在系统分类和品种鉴定上存在一定的难度。本研究针对山茶花的DNA提取方法和RAPD扩增体系进行了摸索,旨在为山茶花在DNA水平的分类鉴定和分子生物学方面研究打下一定的基础。实验采用改进的CTAB法提取山茶花叶片DNA,得到的DNA纯度较高,OD₂₆₀/OD₂₃₀值为1.90～2.0,OD₂₆₀/OD₂₈₀值为1.80～1.83,得率也较高,一般在150～200 μg·g^-1左右,片段完整性较好,大于20 kb,符合分子遗传实验的要求;在山茶花RAPD扩增条件的研究中,发现20 μL反应体系中加入100 ng DNA、125 μmol·L^-1 dNTP(each)、1.2 μmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺、1×Buffer、0.5 μmol·L^-1引物、1 U Taq酶最为合适,退火温度一般设为37℃左右,扩增产物的电泳条带数多、清晰、明亮。     

党参基因组DNA提取、ISSR-PCR反应体系优化及引物筛选

对党参基因组DNA提取方法优化、ISSR体系形成及引物筛选三方面进行探讨,为研究党参居群遗传多样性及药材DNA鉴定奠定基础。经比较改良CTAB法、改进的高盐SDS法和试剂盒三种常用DNA提取方法,发现改良CTAB法效果最佳;利用优化设计并结合有关文献优化ISSR反应体系,最优反应体系为：50 μL总反应体积中含约20 ng DNA模板,1.25 U Taq DNA聚合酶,2.25 mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺,200 μmol·L^-1 dNTP,0.50 μmol·L^-1引物。以此体系为基础进行引物筛选,在100条ISSR引物中筛选出13条扩增条带清晰、多态性较高、重复性好的引物。     

半滑舌鳎基因组的提取及ISSR反应体系的建立

目的:比较CTAB法和STE法提取半滑舌鳎基因组DNA的效果,通过优化半滑舌鳎ISSR-PCR反应体系,将新型分子标记简单重复间序列(Inter-simple sequence repeat,ISSR),引用到半滑舌鳎遗传多样性研究中。方法:以95%酒精固定的半滑舌鳎鳍条为材料,运用CTAB法和STE法提取基因组DNA,同时分析了模板DNA、Mg2 、dNTPs、引物浓度,以及退火温度对ISSR-PCR扩增结果的影响。结果:CTAB法提取的基因组DNA质量好于STE法提取的结果,同时确立了稳定性强、重复性好的半滑舌鳎ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系和扩增参数。在25lμPCR反应体系中包括:1×PCR缓冲液,2mmol/L MgCl2,0.2mmol/L dNTP,0.2μmol/L ISSR引物,20ng模板DNA,1.5U Taq DNA聚合酶。反应程序为:94℃预变性5min,然后进入PCR循环,即94℃变性45s,52℃退火45s,72℃延伸90s,共进行40个循环。最后72℃延伸10min。结论:ISSR-PCR反应体系稳定可靠,该新型分子标记可应用于半滑舌鳎遗传多样性研究中。     

红曲霉DNA提取及其RAPD-PCR反应体系的建立

采用改进的氯化苄法对红曲霉DNA进行提取纯化,探讨了提取液中EDTA的浓度以及其他因素对提取结果的影响。同时,以该法提取的DNA为模板,采用正交实验优化RAPD分析最佳反应条件。结果表明,当提取液中EDTA浓度为125mmol/l时,所得的红曲霉DNA的质量和数量均较理想,每克红曲霉菌丝体（湿重）能提取到50μg的DNA,分子量约为25kb,以此DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,其最佳反应体系为：Mg^2 2.0mmol/l,dNTPs 0.15mmol/l,Taq 0.05U/μl,模板DNA 1.2ng/μl,随机引物0.36μmol/l,Tris-HCl 10mmol/l pH9.0,KCl 50mmol/l,Nonidet P40 0.1%。另外,通过对比RAN酶消化前后的模板扩增结果证明了本实验酶的消化的必要性,对比了不同预变性时间处理模板对RAPD－PCR扩增的影响,发现不经过预变性的模板扩增结果最理想。     

适合于苹果的ISSR反应体系的建立

以富士苹果为试材 ,对ISSR反应体系中的诸如模板DNA、Mg2 + 、dNTP和TaqDNA聚合酶的浓度进行了探索 ,确立了适合富士苹果的ISSR反应体系 :在 2 5 μl反应体系中 ,含 1×缓冲液 [10 0mmol·L-1KCl、80mmol·L-1(NH4) 2 SO4、10 0mmol·L-1Tris HCl,pH 9.0 ,NP 4 0 ]、1.5mmol·L-1MgCl2 、0 .2 0mmol·L-1dNTP、0 .4 0 μmol·L-1引物、2 0ngDNA、1UTaqDNA聚合酶     

落羽杉属树木基因组总DNA的提取及SRAP反应体系的优化

本文针对落羽杉属植物组织中多糖、多酚等次生物质含量高的特点,对其基因组DNA提取方法进行研究,比较了SDS法、CTAB法提取落羽杉属植物基因组DNA的效果,结果表明:CTAB法提取效果较佳.在此基础上,利用正交设计法,对SRAP反应体系中的各个主要影响因子Mg2+、dNTP、引物、Taq DNA聚合酶进行了优化筛选,确立了适合落羽杉属植物SRAP-PCR反应的最佳体系,即10 μL体系中含有1 μL10×PCR buffer,Mg2+ 2.0 mmol/L,dNTP 100 μmol/L,引物0.3 μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶0.5 U和50 ng模板DNA.利用该优化体系,通过48对SRAP引物组合对2个落羽杉属植物(落羽杉和墨杉)及4个杂交后代进行SRAP扩增,结果发现,SRAP引物及优化后的反应体系能够有效地用于落羽杉属植物种质资源鉴定及遗传多样性分析等研究.     

珍稀濒危植物永瓣藤DNA提取与ISSR条件优化

以硅胶干燥叶片为材料,研究永瓣藤DNA的提取方法,并对影响简单重复序列区间分子标记反应的各条件进行了优化。建立了永瓣藤ISSR的优化反应体系和程序,即在20μL反应体系中,含20ng模板DNA、2.375mmol/L Mg2+、0.15mmol/L dNTPs、1.5U Taq DNA聚合酶、225nmol/L随机引物;扩增程序为:94℃预变性5min;然后94℃15s、48~50℃45s、72℃1min,35个循环,最后72℃延伸10min,4℃保存。本研究为进行永瓣藤种群遗传多样性研究奠定了基础。     

棉花高质量DNA的提取及SRAP反应体系的优化

建立一种简便、快速、经济、有效的gDNA提取方法,并以得到高质量的gDNA为模板摸索棉花SRAP反应体系的最优条件。在提取棉花DNA之前对样品进行预除酚处理,采用CTAB法并加以改进,摸索了一种简便、快速、经济、有效的gDNA提取方法。结果表明预处理除酚法提取天然彩色棉的gDNA为白色,OD260 nm/OD280 nm平均值达到1.900,OD260 nm/OD230 nm平均值1.659,琼脂糖电泳检测表明所提取的DNA较完整,RNA含量少;通过对重要参数进行摸索和优化试验,建立一套稳定可靠、扩增效果好、可重复性强的适用于棉花的SRAP反应体系：25μL的反应体系中,模板DNA量30ng、2.5mmolm/L Mg2＋浓度、0.8μmol/L的上下游引物、200μmol/L的dNTPs以及Taq酶1U。     

黄连ISSR反应条件优化的研究

以黄连(味连,Coptis Chinensis Franch.)基因组DNA为模板,通过单因子、双因子实验研究了ISSR反应体系中主要成分（Mg²⁺、dNTP、引物、模板、Taq DNA聚合酶）以及热循环参数（退火温度、循环数、变性时间、退火时间、延伸时间）对扩增结果的影响,并找出各自的最适条件,建立了适合黄连ISSR分析的反应体系和扩增程序,即在25μL反应体系中,内含1×PCR buffer、1.5mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺、200μmol·L^-1 dNTP、0.3 μmol·L^-1引物、40 ng模板、1 U TaqDNA聚合酶。扩增程序为94℃预变性5 min,然后进行35个循环：94℃变性30 s,（据不同引物的退火温度）复性1 min,72℃延伸1.5 min,循环结束后72℃延伸7 min,-4℃保存。这一优化系统的建立为今后利用ISSR标记技术进行黄连鉴定及种质遗传多样性分析提供了一个标准化程序。     

Death and decay in the trees of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

Death and decay of trees of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) var. Kesar due to fungal infection was studied histologically. Fungal infection in the trees was observed due to various reasons like mechanical injuries in the stem, pruning of the branches, through the inflorescences, attack of Ambrosia beetle and termites. In the initial stage, fungal spores get settled on the flowers due to presence of nectar, followed by their germination and entry of the hypha into peduncle, which gradually spreads into younger branches. The inflorescences were first attacked by Fusarium moniliformis followed by other fungi like Alternaria, Chetomium sp., Aspregillus ellipticus, Aspregillus niger, etc. Fungal mycelia gradually invade the xylem tissues from the top of the branches and spread basipetally ultimately causing death of the infected branches. During monsoon, the crevices on the surface of bark of the healthy plants supported the growth of fungi like Pleurotus, Auricularia, Xyleria, Daldinia sp., and Polyporous sp. The removal of bark from such infected trees revealed minute holes on the surface of the woody cylinder made by Ambrosia beetles. During wet season fungal mycelia makes an easy entry into the xylem through the wounded portion of the stem or pruned branches. Initial entry of the hyphae into xylem was seen through the ray cells. Then the hyphae enter into the lumen of axial elements lining the ray cells through pits and intracellular spaces. The vessel elements located in the xylem (transition zone) between healthy and infected portion were filled with tyloses while axial and ray parenchyma showed heavy accumulation of tannin contents. On the other hand, the infected xylem was also found devoid of reserve metabolites while in normal trees, axial and ray parenchyma showed heavy accumulation of starch grains.     

Production and Characterization of Wine from Mango Fruit (Mangifera indica L)

Summary Mango (Mangifera indica L) is the most popular and the choicest fruit of India. A major portion (nearly 60–70%) of the total quantity produced is locally consumed and a sizable portion is exported to other countries. In the present study, six varieties of mango, which are abundantly available in the region were selected for wine production and the conditions for juice extraction were optimized. It was found that the mango juices were similar to grape juice in terms of sugar and acidity. After fermentation, the ethanol concentration was 7–8.5% w/v, the methanol concentration was slightly higher than that of grape wines and other volatile compounds were present in comparable amounts. From the physicochemical characteristics of the mango wine produced, it was observed that aromatic components were comparable in concentration to those of grape wine.     

高质量毕赤酵母基因组DNA提取方法比较

旨在比较5种毕赤酵母基因组DNA的提取法,以便获得简便高效的提取高质量酵母基因组DNA的优化方法。分别使用蜗牛酶破壁法,超声波破碎法,液氮研磨法,Lyticase破壁法,试剂盒法提取毕赤酵母基因组DNA,然后进行DNA电泳检测以及紫外分光光度计测定DNA浓度和纯度。结果显示,5种方法均能提取出酵母基因组DNA,而酶法所提取的酵母基因组DNA质量最好。由此证实,蜗牛酶法成本低、效果好,是理想的提取高质量酵母基因组DNA的方法,完全满足后续试验要求。     

Molecular identification of Mango, Mangifera indica L.var. totupura

Mango (>Mangifera indica) belonging to Anacardiaceae family is a fruit that grows in tropical regions. It is considered as the King of fruits. The present work was taken up to identify a tool in identifying the mango species at the molecular level. The chloroplast trnL-F region was amplified from extracted total genomic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Sequence of the dominant DGGE band revealed that Mangifera indica in tested leaves was Mangifera indica (100% similarity to the ITS sequences of Mangifera indica). This sequence was deposited in NCBI with the accession no. GQ927757. ABBREVIATIONS: AFLP - Amplified fragment length polymorphism , cpDNA - Chloroplast DNA, DDGE - Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DNA - Deoxyribo nucleic acid, EDTA - Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, HCl - Hydrochloric acid, ISSR - Inter simple sequence repeats, ITS - Internal transcribed spacer, MATAB - Methyl Ammonium Bromide, Na(2)SO(3) - Sodium sulphite, NaCl - Sodium chloride, NCBI - National Centre for Biotechnology Information, PCR - Polymerase chain reaction, PEG - Polyethylene glycol, RAPD - Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, trnL-F - Transfer RNA genes start codon- termination codon.     

岩白菜ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化

目的:优化岩白菜ISSR-PCR反应体系,为利用ISSR标记进行岩白菜遗传多样性研究服务。方法:采用5因子4水平正交设计法优化岩白菜ISSR-PCR反应体系。结果:五个因子从大到小的影响力排序结果为:dNTPs>Mg2+>模板DNA>引物=Taq酶。岩白菜ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系为:总体积25μL,内含10×PCR缓冲液2.5μL、2.5 mmol.L-1Mg2+、2.0 U Taq酶、0.2 mmol.L-1dNTPs、0.48μmol.L-1ISSR引物、125 ng模板DNA。结论:研究获得的最佳反应体系具有标记位点清晰、反应系统稳定、检测多态性能力强、重复性好等特点,为利用ISSR标记技术研究岩白菜遗传多样性奠定了基础。     

Hormonal Changes Associated with Vegetative Malformation of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

Malformed seedlings of mango showed lower mean content of indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid and a higher mean content of zeatin, abscisic acid and ethylene than healthy seedlings.     

DNA Fingerprinting of Some Mango (Mangifera indica L) Cultivars Using Anchored-ISSR Markers

Twelve Indian mango cultivars were fingerprinted using anchored-ISSR primers. Out of total 161 bands amplified, 113 (70.2%) were polymorphic, the polymorphism ranging from 50% to 94.1% depending upon the primer. One primer [5′ HVH(CA)₇T 3′] with highest genotype index could uniquely identify each of the cultivars studied. Fingerprints based on polymorphic markers amplified by the 10 primers had a 6.75 x 10^-12 probability of identical match by chance, indicating a high degree of uniqueness in the anchored-ISSR based fingerprinting. UPGMA dendrogram based on Jaccard’s similarity showed Himayath as the most diverse of the 12 cultivars and the rest of the cultivars clustered into two groups at 0.69 similarity coefficient.