17β-雌二醇对雄性唐鱼卵黄蛋白原的诱导及性腺发育的影响

以17β-雌二醇(E2)诱导雄性唐鱼产生卵黄蛋白原(Vtg),采用SephacrylS-300凝胶过滤层析柱提纯了雄鱼整体匀桨液的Vtg。结果显示,已确定被纯化的唐鱼Vtg在4%—7.5%Native—PAGE电泳中分子量为440kD左右,能同时被考马斯亮蓝、糖蛋白、磷蛋白、脂蛋白染色方法同时染色,是一种富含糖、磷、脂的蛋白。与对照组作比较,17β-雌二醇暴露组其体重明显下降(P<0.01),精巢发育滞后。结果表明,17β-雌二醇能够诱导雄性唐鱼产生大量的Vtg,并影响到其生长及精巢发育。雄性唐鱼Vtg可作为环境雌激素监测的有效生物学标记物。     

17β-雌二醇对雄性唐鱼卵黄蛋白原的诱导及性腺发育的影响

以17β-雌二醇（E2）诱导雄性唐鱼产生卵黄蛋白原（Vtg）,采用Sephacryl S-300凝胶过滤层析柱提纯了雄鱼整体匀桨液的Vtg。结果显示,已确定被纯化的唐鱼Vtg在4%—7.5% Native—PAGE电泳中分子量为440 kD左右,能同时被考马斯亮蓝、糖蛋白、磷蛋白、脂蛋白染色方法同时染色,是一种富含糖、磷、脂的蛋白。与对照组作比较,17β-雌二醇暴露组其体重明显下降（P<0.01）,精巢发育滞后。结果表明,17β-雌二醇能够诱导雄性唐鱼产生大量的Vtg,并影响到其生长及精巢发育。雄性唐鱼Vtg可作为环境雌激素监测的有效生物学标记物。     

多氯联苯对剑尾鱼超氧化物岐化酶活性的影响

目的　研究多氯联苯 (PCBs)暴露对剑尾鱼 (Xiphophorushelleri)超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性的影响 ,探讨剑尾鱼器官组织内SOD活性变化作为环境风险评价 (ERA)的有效生物学标记的可行性。方法　测定了PCBs对剑尾鱼 30d的半致死浓度 (LC50 ) ;使用浸浴法以 0、2、5 0 μg L三个PCBs浓度为剑尾鱼染毒 ,定量测定了 72h内肝、鳃及卵巢组织中的SOD的活性变化。结果　PCBs对剑尾鱼的 30dLC50 为 1 0 5 80 μg L ;PCBs对剑尾鱼肝脏和卵巢的SOD活性有明显 (P <0 0 1 )的影响。在最初染毒的 1 2h内 ,SOD活性略有上升 ,但随暴露时间延长 ,浓度增加 ,肝和卵巢的SOD活性均呈下降趋势。此外 ,结果还显示肝组织的SOD活性较高于卵巢的SOD活性 ,表明不同器官组织的SOD活性对PCBs胁迫的敏感性存在一定的差异。实验中鳃组织SOD活性在PCBs暴露后其变化不明显 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　表明剑尾鱼肝细胞SOD活性可作为环境风险评价 (ERA)的有效生物学标记     

17α-甲基睾酮对剑尾鱼的影响

目的研究17α-甲基睾酮暴露对产后雌性剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus helleri)性逆转组织形态学变化的影响,探讨剑尾鱼第二性征变化作为水环境风险评价(ERA)的有效生物学标记的可能性。方法使用浸浴法以10μg/L 17α-甲基睾酮为剑尾鱼染毒持续7周,对实验鱼的体形、腹鳍、臀鳍、尾鳍及性腺等组织器官的变化进行观察;同时对幼鱼在实验室养殖条件下的性别分化进行统计。结果 17α-甲基睾酮对产后雌鱼有明显的影响,受诱导后出现性逆转,逐渐发育形成雄性第二性征:体形变纤细;腹鳍第1鳍条变短、第2和第3鳍条延长,臀鳍第3、4、5鳍条末端钩状化且第3鳍条变粗壮,尾鳍上下缘出现增生;体内与臀鳍相连的骨骼合并生长;受诱导的雌鱼性腺呈现退化趋势并伴有卵细胞坏死现象,生殖能力受到负面影响。结论剑尾鱼臀鳍和尾鳍变化可作为水环境雄激素物质污染监测的有效生物学标记。     

间苯二酚与邻苯二酚对泥鳅血清卵黄蛋白原的诱导作用

为探讨间苯二酚(m-dihydroxybenzene)与邻苯二酚(o-dihydroxybenzene)对雄性泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicau-datus血清卵黄蛋白原(Vitellogenin,Vtg)的诱导作用,将雄性泥鳅分别暴露于4种不同质量浓度间苯二酚(5.287mg/L、6.531mg/L、8.072mg/L、10.000mg/L)和邻苯二酚(16.708mg/L、17.742mg/L、18.836mg/L、20.00mg/L)中持续7d、14d、21d和28d,采用碱不稳定性蛋白结合磷法检测血清Vtg水平的变化。结果显示,与对照组相比,泥鳅在低质量浓度间苯二酚(5.287mg/L)和邻苯二酚(16.708mg/L)中暴露7d时,血清Vtg水平均有极显著升高,并且随着暴露浓度的增加,Vtg水平逐渐升高;在同一暴露浓度下,Vtg水平随暴露时间的延长逐渐升高;2种酚类化合物相比,暴露在间苯二酚中的泥鳅血清Vtg水平高于邻苯二酚。上述结果说明,2种化合物均可诱导雄性泥鳅肝脏合成Vtg,具有一定的环境雌激素效应,其诱导作用随着暴露剂量的增大和时间的延长逐渐增强。     

17β-雌二醇对雄性剑尾鱼精巢和肝发育的影响

用组织学的方法研究了50μg/L 17β-雌二醇(E2)持续50 d暴露对剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus helleri)精巢和肝组织结构变化的影响.结果显示,剑尾鱼受E2暴露后,精巢内的精小囊数量减少,精原细胞发育停滞,精子数量稀少甚至没有;肝细胞胞质内出现脂肪空泡和脂肪沉积等脂肪肝症状.结果表明,E2具强雌激素效应,对剑尾鱼精巢和肝组织的损伤具有时间效应,随着暴露时间延长其损伤更严重,但都在其耐受范围之内,未造成鱼体的死亡.精巢组织结构损伤可作为检测水环境雌激素污染生物标记.     

剑尾鱼杂交种黑色素瘤的形成和病理观察

目的通过剑尾鱼属内鱼类的杂交,观察黑色素瘤在其杂交后代的形成情况。方法白体剑尾鱼(♀)与黑体剑尾鱼(♂)杂交,子一代(F1)和子二代(F2)分别自交,观察其后代外部特征变化和黑色素瘤形成的情况;对黑色素瘤进行组织病理观察。结果剑尾鱼杂交种的F2代开始出现性状分离,F3中有较高的黑色素瘤发生率,为20.5%。HE染色和Lillie黑色素染色证实增生组织为黑色素瘤。结论通过不同剑尾鱼的杂交和自交,后代有黑色素瘤形成,可望进行黑色素瘤模型的构建。     

17β-雌二醇对雄性剑尾鱼生长发育的影响

用组织学的方法研究了50μg/L 17β-雌二醇(E2)持续50d暴露对剑尾鱼精巢、肝脏和鳃组织结构变化的影响,结果显示,剑尾鱼受E2暴露后,精巢内的精小囊数量减少,精原细胞发育停滞,精子数量稀少甚至没有;肝细胞胞质内出现脂肪空泡和脂肪沉积等脂肪肝症状;鳃丝和鳃小片出现不同程度的肿胀、增生、融合现象.结果表明,E2具强雌激素效应.对剑尾鱼精巢、肝脏和鳃组织的损伤具有时间效应,随着暴露时间延长其损伤更严重,但都在其耐受范围之内,未造成鱼体的死亡.精巢组织结构损伤可作为检测水环境雌激素污染生物标记.     

苯并(a)芘与壬基酚对河川沙塘鳢的联合毒性研究

为探究环境内分泌干扰物联合毒性对鱼类的影响,选取苯并芘(benzo[a]pyrene,BaP)及千幕酚(4-nonlyphenol,NP)对河川沙塘鳢Odontobutis potamophila进行单独和联合毒性研究.研究了NP和BaP对河川沙塘鳢血清雌二醇(E2)、卵黄蛋白原(Vtg)、血清谷草转氨酶(GOT)以及肝脏7-乙氧基-3-异吩咏唑酮-脱乙基酶(7-ethoxyresoufin-O-deethylase,EROD)和超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的影响.结果 表明,BaP单一暴露时,随着BaP剂量浓度的升高雌鱼血清E2含量下降,肝脏EROD活性升高;25 mg/kg BaP试验组雌鱼肝脏EROD活性显著高十对照组;肝脏SOD和血清GOT活性与对照无筹异;NP和BaP联合暴露中,200 mg/kg NP+10 mg/kg BaP、200 mg/kg NP+2 mg/kg BaP试验组雄性个体血清Vtg平均含量比200 mg/kg NP组低50%左右,而血清E2含最显著高于对照组,肝脏EROD酶活性、血清GOT活性变化与BaP剂量浓度呈正相关,而肝脏SOD酶活性则与BaP剂量浓度呈负相关;200 mg/kg NP+25 mg/kg BaP试验组肝脏SOD活性显著低于对照组,而血清GOT活性则显著高于对照组.显示NP和BaP联合作用时BaP可拮抗NP对雄鱼Vtg的诱导效应;200 mg/kg NP+2 mg/kg BaP可导致河川沙塘鳢肝脏肝细胞损伤.     

剑尾鱼线粒体细胞色素b基因的序列分析

目的　克隆和测定剑尾鱼 (Xiphophorushelleri)线粒体细胞色素b基因 (cytb)的全序列。方法　提取剑尾鱼肝脏的总DNA。设计合成特异引物进行PCR扩增。扩增产物经琼脂糖电泳检测、纯化后克隆到pGEM Teasyvectorsystem中的T载体上 ,筛选转化子 ,提取质粒 ,酶切鉴定。挑取重组质粒pGEM T xhcytb 11进行序列测定。结果　获得了剑尾鱼线粒体cytb基因的全序列 ,共 114 0bp。结论　用BLAST与GenBank中的线粒体DNA序列进行比较 ,显示剑尾鱼与其他鱼类的cytb基因具有较高的同源性 ;根据剑尾鱼与其他 13种鱼的cytb基因序列同源性所建立的进化树 ,与传统的分类地位基本吻合     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.