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刺桐姬小蜂发生习性及其虫瘿形成分析 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
刺桐姬小蜂Quadrastichus erythrinaeKim是新发现的重要入侵害虫,在广东省深圳地区普遍发生且危害严重,受害植株超过10000株。寄主按受害程度依次为:杂色刺桐Erythrina variegata、金脉刺桐E.variegatevar.orientialis、鸡冠刺桐E.cristagalli和龙牙花E.corallodendron。移栽2年内的刺桐树受害严重。根据虫瘿形状,将其分为球形虫瘿、卷叶形虫瘿、肥厚叶虫瘿、分散虫瘿、粗柄形虫瘿、嫩枝肿大虫瘿、花蕾肿大虫瘿并对其形成过程进行分析。首次报道了刺桐姬小蜂为害鸡冠刺桐花蕾。刺桐姬小蜂在深圳无休眠和滞育现象,常年发生。 相似文献
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刺桐姬小蜂在五(品、变)种刺桐属植物上的危害特性及程度 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对深圳市梧桐山林场、福田区新洲滨河立交、笔架山公园等不同生境5(品、变)种刺桐属植物(刺桐东方变种、金脉刺桐、本地刺桐、龙牙花刺桐、鸡冠刺桐)上刺桐姬小蜂的危害特点及发生情况进行调查。结果表明:刺桐姬小蜂危害最严重的是刺桐东方变种及金脉刺桐,龙牙花刺桐受轻微的危害,本地种刺桐和鸡冠刺桐完全不受害。此外,在刺桐东方变种不同方位树冠中,树冠东边的叶片3级危害百分比值较大,树冠东边与中部的危害指数差异显著;在刺桐东方变种和金脉刺桐的树冠上、中、下3个层次中,以树冠中上部的叶片整体受害较为严重。 相似文献
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《环境昆虫学报》2014,(4):655-660
刺桐姬小蜂Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim是重要外来入侵害虫,危害刺桐属多种植物。本文调查研究了金脉刺桐嫩枝上刺桐姬小蜂虫瘿的数量分布和空间格局。结果显示,金脉刺桐嫩枝上靠近生长点(芽头)一端刺桐姬小蜂虫瘿数量较多,15 cm以内占90%以上,距离越远越少,其虫瘿数量比率(Y)和枝条长度(X)关系方程为Y= 72577e-0138X。对频次分布的分析结果显示,刺桐嫩枝上虫瘿主要以虫瘿集体形式出现。获得的虫瘿空间格局主要参数平均拥挤度M*、丛生指数I、聚块性指数M*/M等均显著大于1,表明虫瘿是聚集分布且聚集程度较强。建立的Iwao M*-M方程为M*=175+351M、Taylor幂函数法则模型为lg s2=0554+1828lg〖AKx-〗。 相似文献
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【目的】刺桐姬小蜂Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim体型小,传统的形态学鉴定方法难以快速准确识别。【方法】本研究测定了刺桐姬小蜂的rDNA ITS1和ITS2序列,根据18S rDNA部分序列,利用MEGA的最大相似法(Maximum Likehood)构建系统发育树。根据刺桐姬小蜂ITS1和ITS2序列设计了特异引物,应用特异引物对单只刺桐姬小蜂进行PCR扩增,可稳定地扩增出明显的目的DNA条带。【结果】研究表明,基于ITS基因的DNA条形码技术可以用于刺桐姬小蜂的快速准确鉴定。【结论】因此,采用ITS1和ITS2区的特异性引物可对刺桐姬小蜂进行快速分子鉴定。 相似文献
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《天然产物研究与开发》2016,(5)
本实验采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测王不留行刺桐碱含量为评价指标,分别采用单因素试验法和正交试验法对水浴回流提取和超声提取对王不留行刺桐碱的提取工艺进行比较。结果表明:超声提取王不留行刺桐碱的最佳工艺参数为液固比10∶1 mL/g,60%乙醇在350 W功率、80℃下提取40 min,在该工艺条件下王不留行刺桐碱含量为0.395 mg/g;水浴回流提取王不留行刺桐碱的最佳工艺参数为乙醇浓度75%,提取温度95℃,提取时间2 h,液固比12∶1 mL/g时,王不留行刺桐碱含量为0.345 mg/g。超声提取王不留行刺桐碱的提取效率、稳定性和重复性都优于水浴回流提取法。 相似文献
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Glyptapanteles liparidis is a gregarious, polydnavirus (PDV)-carrying braconid wasp that parasitizes larval stages of Lymantria dispar. In previous studies we showed that parasitized hosts dramatically increase juvenile hormone (JH) titers, whereas JH degradation is significantly inhibited in the hemolymph. Here we (i) quantified the effects of parasitism on JH esterase (JHE) activity in hemolymph and fat body of penultimate and final instars of L. dispar hosts and (ii) assessed the relative contribution of individual and combined wasp factors (PDV/venom, teratocytes, and wasp larvae) to the inhibition of host JHE activity. The effects of PDV/venom was investigated through the use of gamma-irradiated wasps, which lay non-viable eggs (leading to pseudoparasitization), while the effects of teratocytes and wasp larvae were examined by injection or insertion of these two components in either control or pseudoparasitized L. dispar larvae. Parasitism strongly suppressed host JHE activity in both hemolymph and fat body irrespective of whether the host was parasitized early (premolt-third instar) or late (mid-fourth instar). Down-regulation of JHE activity is primarily due to the injection of PDV/venom at the time of oviposition, with only very small additive effects of teratocytes and wasp larvae under certain experimental conditions. We compare the results with those reported earlier for L. dispar larvae parasitized by G. liparidis and discuss the possible role of JH alterations in host development disruption. 相似文献
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瘦魔蜂属(Leptephialtites Rasnitsyn,1975)是哈萨克斯坦晚侏罗世卡拉套生物群中魔蜂科魔蜂亚科的一个分异度比较高的类群,也曾报道于我国内蒙古宁城地区中-晚侏罗世道虎沟生物群,但没有描述和图示。本文对产自宁城道虎沟村中-上侏罗统道虎沟化石层的一块雌蜂标本进行了描述,将其归入瘦魔蜂属并建立了一新种:张氏瘦魔蜂(Leptephialtites zhangi Ding and Zhang,sp.nov.)。该新种区别于卡拉套生物群中瘦魔蜂属的所有种:前翅1-Rs脉长为其与翅痣基部距离之半(后者1-Rs脉不长于其与翅痣基部的距离),横脉1r-rs完整(后者1r-rs残存或完全消失);腹部纺锤状,最宽处在其中部(后者腹部最宽处位于其端半部)。本文还提供了瘦魔蜂属所有已知种的检索表。另外,瘦魔蜂属仅存在于卡拉套生物群和道虎沟生物群,证实了这两个生物群具有密切的关系。 相似文献
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M. F. Sledge F. R. Dani A. Fortunato U. Maschwitz S. R. Clarke E. Francescato R. Hashim E. D. Morgan G. R. Jones and S. Turillazzi 《Physiological Entomology》1999,24(3):234-239
Chemicals from the venom gland elicited alarm behaviour and attack in the Asian polistine wasp Polybioides raphigastra. When presented with crushed venom glands workers of this wasp respond with a mass stinging attack. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses show that the major volatiles in the venom gland are alkanes, monounsaturated alkenes and 2-alcohols. Several pyrazines, a spiroacetal and aromatics were also identified as trace compounds. The anatomy and morphology of the sting apparatus are reported, and we describe sting autotomy in this wasp. This is the first such report for the Ropalidiinae. The structures responsible for autotomy are likely to be large barbs present on the sting lancets, and a conspicuous tooth present on the medial side of the left lancet. Sting autotomy in P. raphigastra probably plays an important role in the localization of sites of attack by wasps defending the nest. 相似文献
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Abstract From July 1987 to June 1989, 141 nests and 365 nests, respectively, of the adventive social vespines the German wasp, Vespula germanica (F.), and the common wasp V. vulgaris (L.), from the City of Christchurch, New Zealand, were evaluated for seven major characteristics. There were few, if any, differences in nest sites, and from spring to early summer in nest traffic, nest size, and numbers of combs. However, Getman wasps showed no preference for direction of nest entrances, while common wasp nests were more numerous in areas most exposed to the morning sun. Some Getman wasp nests survived the winter and began producing new worker cells by late June, but all common wasp nests died by June. Because common wasp nests have been reported surviving the winter in beech forest, which produces honey dew, and honey dew is not available in Christchurch City, common wasp nest survival over winter may be more dependent upon carbohydrates and/or prey dependent upon carbohydrates than the survival of German wasp nests. The presence of large, expanding wasp nests from early spring must impose localised predation pressures virtually unknown in the Northern Hemisphere where overwintering nests are rare. Wasp population dynamics, and impacts of wasps on fauna, are likely to vary between different geographical areas of New Zealand, but as targets for biological control, the two wasp species can generally be considered to be quite similar. 相似文献
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Abstract Fig trees are important components of tropical forests, because their fruits are eaten by so many vertebrates, but they depend on pollinating fig wasps to produce mature fruits. Disturbance to habitat structure can have a major impact on insect diversity and composition, potentially reducing fruit yields. We investigated the impact of habitat disturbance on the fig wasp community associated with male figs of Ficus tinctoria in Xishuangbanna, China. The community comprised one pollinator species Liporrhopalum gibbosae and six non-pollinating wasp species: Sycoscapter sp.1, Philotrypesis ravii , Philotrypesis sp.1, Neosycophila omeomorpha , Sycophila sp.1, and Walkerella sp.1. More disturbed areas were characterized by higher temperatures, less shade, and more vehicle noise. The response of the fig wasp community was complex, with no simple relationship between intensity of disturbance and pollinator abundance. However, the sex ratios (proportion of male progeny) of pollinators increased significantly in more disturbed areas. We conclude that potential changes in fig wasp community composition brought about by disturbance, are unpredictable, with unclear consequences for tropical rainforest biodiversity. 相似文献
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Rodolpho Santos Telles Menezes Thiago Magalhães Silva Antônio Freire Carvalho Vanderly Andrade-Souza Janisete Gomes Silva Marco Antonio Costa 《Genetica》2013,141(7-9):273-280
The Neotropical Polistinae wasps are diverse in taxonomy, social behavior, and nesting founding characteristics. Although some species in this group have been used as models for studies on wasp’s biology, they are poorly known in terms of cytogenetics. Here we reported an intraspecific numerical-structural chromosome variation in the swarm-founding wasp Metapolybia decorata from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest using conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques. The observed structural chromosome change involved a telomeric fusion that resulted in a chromosome number range of 2n = 34–36. The origin and geographic distribution of the variant chromosome forms as well as their frequency and maintenance in the studied populations are discussed. In addition, we reported a novel and geographically restricted deletion in the fused chromosomes indicating that the species is undergoing a continued process of karyotype evolution leading to fused chromosome stabilization by elimination of inactive centromeric sequences. Evidence of differences in the telomeric sequences of this wasp was also found by in situ hybridization using the motif (T2AG2)7 as probe. 相似文献
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Oviposition behavior of Zatypota albicoxa (Walker) is described. This wasp parasitizes the house spider Achaearanea tepidariorum (Koch), which weaves irregular, three-dimensional webs. Based on field observations, two modes of oviposition behavior were recognized. In one, the wasp hung on the web, pulling the thread with its fore leg, until the spider lifted it up (ambush-style). In the other mode, the wasp climbed the web (climbing-style). Under laboratory conditions in an aquarium, the wasp hung on the web in mid height of the gumfoot thread as in the former style, then flew toward unaware spider and paralyzed it. After paralyzing, the wasp usually rubbed the spider's abdomen with its ovipositor and tip of metasoma repeatedly at short intervals for several minutes. In all cases they adopted the same posture in which they grasped the spider abdomen with fore and mid legs during oviposition. As female wasps emerged from larger hosts and male wasps emerged from smaller ones, the ovipositing wasp apparently assesses the size of the spider and chooses whether to lay a fertilized or an unfertilized egg. In addition, it was confirmed that Z. albicoxa expelled the eggs not from the tip of the ovipositor but from the tip of its abdomen, as in other species of the Polysphincta group (e.g. Hymenoepimecis argyraphaga , Reclinervellus tuberculatus and Schizopyga circulator ). 相似文献
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Robert L. Brown Ashraf M. El‐Sayed C. Rikard Unelius David M. Suckling 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2014,151(2):182-190
The introduction of invasive social wasp species of the genus Vespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) to New Zealand has caused a major ecological problem, particularly in the beech forests (Nothofagus spp.) of the South Island, where they have destabilized the native bird and invertebrate biodiversity. New attractants are under investigation as part of a search for pest management solutions. Fermenting brown sugar has been previously reported as a social wasp attractant. This work was undertaken to identify compounds from fermented brown sugar attractive to social wasps. Raw fermented brown sugar was confirmed to be attractive in a field trial and 10 chemical compounds present in the headspace were positively identified by coupled gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and synthetic references. During electroantennogram experiments, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, 3‐methylbutyl acetate, and ethyl hexanoate elicited high electrophysiological responses from Vespula vulgaris (L.) antennae. These compounds mediated attraction of V. vulgaris wasps in forest margins by trapping. A blend of these compounds could be used as a lure in a monitoring tool, or even a local suppression method if combined with a toxin. 相似文献