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1.
任鹏  龚堃  鲍毅新  黄相相  周晓  韩金巧 《生态学报》2017,37(20):6933-6944
2014年4月至2015年1月,在古田山国家级自然保护区内共收集634份粪便样本,2份肌肉样本。通过严格筛选,最终获得390份可用于PCR扩增的样本。用多态性较高的8个微卫星位点进行基因型分型,共识别出177个小麂个体。SRY基因性别鉴定显示研究样本中雄性84只,雌性93只。所使用的8个微卫星位点在177个样本中,平均等位基因数(A)为11,平均观测杂合度(Ho)在0.960—1.000之间,平均值为0.9685,平均期望杂合度(He)在0.799—0.887之间,平均值为0.8429,多态信息含量(PIC)在0.766—0.872之间,平均多态信息含量为0.8214,基因杂合度水平较高,为遗传多样性丰富的种群。采用Cervus3.0进行亲权分析,当置信度为95%和80%时,8个微卫星位点的鉴定率均达到100%。共鉴定出父-母-子24对,母-子23对,父-子19对,涉及到104只个体。根据亲缘关系分析小麂的婚配制,结果发现小麂的婚配制属于1雄多雌,但并不是目前所知的亚型,而可能是一种被称作"检查策略"的一雄多雌制。  相似文献   

2.
何丽  张于光  彭红兰  李迪强  李大全 《生态学报》2010,30(16):4340-4350
湖北神农架国家级自然保护区是中国川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)的重要分布区之一,为了更好地了解神农架川金丝猴种群遗传结构,并制定有效的保护对策,采集了该保护区2个川金丝猴种群126份样品,其中分布在大龙潭的人工补食种群粪便样品60份,分布在千家坪的一个小种群粪便样品63份、肌肉样品3份。通过应用线粒体DNA(mtDNA)引物和筛选出的9对近缘微卫星位点成功地进行了川金丝猴种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构分析,同时使用Y染色体相关标记方法进行性别鉴定。结果显示:在24份川金丝猴mtDNA D-loop区401bp序列中,共检测出27个变异位点,定义了20个单倍型,单倍型多样性(h)为0.9820,核苷酸多样性(π)为0.0129;其中有9对微卫星位点能够在117份粪便样品DNA中稳定扩增,2对位点可能偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡,平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为3.85,遗传杂合度(Ho)为0.7450;多态信息含量(PIC)为0.5950。使用Y染色体标记方法,在58个特有的基因型中检测到18个雄性和40个雌性川金丝猴。微卫星标记和mtDNA D-loop区基因序列均表明神农架川金丝猴存在较丰富的遗传多样性,同时2个取样点川金丝猴种群间出现了明显的遗传分化。  相似文献   

3.
黑麂(Muntiacus crinifrons)栖息地片断化对种群基因流的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
栖息地片断化可能影响种群的基因流,进而导致近交,降低个体生活力,是生物多样性丧失和物种绝灭的主要因素.被列为国家I级保护动物的黑麂(Muntiacus crinifrons),由于自身目前的濒危状况和生物学特异性,使得栖息地片断化对其影响更甚.为了更好的保护该珍稀物种,研究运用地理信息系统划分了浙江遂昌的九龙山自然保护区和开化的古田山自然保护区黑麂栖息地的片断化斑块,并通过所得片断化斑块数据进行两个保护区在片断化程度的计算,同时从片断化斑块获取黑麂的组织、粪便样品,提取黑麂的线粒体DNA,估算其基因流大小.以此初步确定两个保护的黑麂栖息地片断化程度对种群基因流的影响.各项片断化指数均表明,九龙山自然保护区的黑麂栖息地片断化程度要小于古田山自然保护区.九龙山自然保护区黑麂片断化种群的平均基因流Nm达到了3.65,明显高于古田山自然保护区的1.12.结果表明,栖息地片断化可能对黑麂种群的基因流产生了一定的影响.应及时采取有效措施保护和恢复黑麂栖息地,否则将严重阻碍片断化种群间的个体迁移、扩散和基因交流.  相似文献   

4.
掌握遗传信息对濒危物种的保护和管理具有重要意义。本研究在我国雪豹重要分布区祁连山和三江源国家公园分别采集粪便样品,利用mtDNA的cyt b基因、微卫星多态性位点进行了雪豹的物种鉴定、个体识别和种群遗传结构评估。在采集286份疑似雪豹粪便样品中,成功的对86份雪豹样品进行了扩增鉴定,利用微卫星位点进行个体识别获得41只雪豹个体,其中祁连山国家公园26只,三江源国家公园15只。通过等位基因数、有效等位基因数、观测杂合度、期望杂合度、多态信息含量等指标进行种群遗传多样性评估,认为雪豹种群遗传多样性相对较低,但祁连山国家公园雪豹种群遗传多样性相对较高。STRUCTURE进行群体遗传结构分析表明,4个种群可以划分为3个遗传类群,祁连山国家公园的种群(YCW和QLS)与三江源国家种群(DC和SJ)的遗传差异,可能与种群间的地理隔离存在明显的相似性。  相似文献   

5.
为了科学评估鄱阳湖长江江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)的遗传多样性并预测其发展趋势,研究基于124头活体长江江豚的血液样本及42头搁浅死亡长江江豚的组织样本,利用微卫星遗传标记对该种群的遗传多样性进行了评估,并利用BottleSim软件对该种群遗传多样性的发展趋势进行了模拟预测。研究结果显示,鄱阳湖长江江豚种群10个微卫星位点的平均等位基因数(Na)为5.80、平均观察杂合度(Ho)为0.653、期望杂合度(He)为0.664,表现出中等程度的核DNA遗传多样性;在剔除死亡个体后,平均等位基因数下降至5.50,并且死亡个体在3个微卫星位点上具有3个稀有等位基因,表明非正常死亡将导致鄱阳湖种群遗传多样性下降。此外,模拟结果表明,如果保持当前有效种群(Ne=62)和雌雄性比(0.87:1),鄱阳湖长江江豚种群的遗传多样性将快速下降;而要实现100年内保存90%以上遗传多样性的目标,则其有效种群至少需要200头或者实际种群数量超过1000头。研...  相似文献   

6.
勐养保护区亚洲象微卫星位点筛选及种群遗传多样性分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
本文以亚洲象肌肉样品提出的DNA为模板,从非洲象31个微卫星位点和5个已知亚洲象微卫星位点中筛选勐养亚洲象的微卫星位点,进而对在西双版纳勐养保护区3年采集到的191 份亚洲象粪便样品中提出的DNA进行特异性PCR扩增、基因分型、检测位点信息和遗传多样性分析.结果表明:36个位点中有14个位点能在亚洲象肌肉样品提出的DNA中成功扩增,且经测序证实为微卫星位点.其中9个多态位点能在185份粪便样品DNA中稳定扩增.勐养种群中,3个位点可能偏离Hardy Weubberg平衡,至少8个位点间无明显连锁存在,平均等位基因数3.78±1.72,平均期望杂和度0.32 ± 0.06,平均观察杂和度0.36±0.02,平均多态信息含量0.28 ,说明这9个位点适用于勐养亚洲象的遗传学研究.根据微卫星位点的杂合度和等位基因频率,相比于其他亚洲象种群,勐养亚洲象种群遗传多样性较低且等位基因频率具有特异性.  相似文献   

7.
基于粪便DNA的雪豹种群调查和遗传多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
雪豹 (Panthera uncia) 是仅分布于亚洲高海拔山区的珍稀濒危猫科动物.本研究在印度西南部(Ladakh)、中国青海和蒙古国的南部(南Gobi)3个独立的雪豹分布区共采集109份粪便样品.应用线粒体DNA(mtDNA) cyt b基因特异性引物对109份粪便样品进行鉴定,发现有31份粪便来自雪豹,其中印度Ladakh、我国青海和蒙古国南Gobi的雪豹样品分别为17份、3份和11份.利用重新筛选设计的7对家猫(Felis catus)微卫星引物,对雪豹粪便样品进行了基因分型分析,结果发现在Ladakh和南Gobi检测到的雪豹粪便样品分别来自4只和5只不同的雪豹个体,而青海的样品则来自同一只雪豹;遗传多样性统计分析表明,蒙古国南Gobi的雪豹微卫星遗传多样性水平低于印度的Ladakh.研究结果表明了粪便DNA在雪豹种群监测和遗传多样性研究中的可行性.  相似文献   

8.
蒙新区子午沙鼠种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄翔  周立志 《兽类学报》2012,32(3):179-187
为了探讨蒙新干旱区景观和环境因素对子午沙鼠种群遗传结构的影响,我们利用8个多态性的微卫星位点,对子午沙鼠14个局域种群的160个个体进行了种群遗传多样性和遗传结构的分析。微卫星结果显示种群具有高的遗传多样性,微卫星位点的等位基因数(A)为22.50±3.02(19~28),多态信息含量(PIC)为0.912±0.02(0.872~0.929);种群观测杂合度(HO)为0.68±0.19(0.52~0.85),期望杂合度(HE)为0.79±0.08(0.71~0.85)。分子变异分析(AMOVA)结果显示,所得到的3个组之间已发生显著的遗传分化(P0.001)。Mantel检测结果表明,子午沙鼠种群遗传结构与地理距离无显著的相关性(P=0.270 0),而在多元线性模型中,蒙新干旱区的海拔高度是影响种群遗传结构的关键因素。  相似文献   

9.
黑麂粪便DNA提取及其PCR检测   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
采集了黑麂(Muntiacuscrinifrons)的新鲜粪便以及在野外自然条件下保存较长时间的粪便样品,晾干后带回实验室,提取其DNA;同时提取黑麂肌肉、皮张样品的DNA,用以对比粪便样品的提取效果。电泳检测结果显示,此方法使用实验室中常用的分子生物学试剂,可以从黑麂粪便样品中抽提到高质量的粪便DNA并克服分子粪便学研究中常见的PCR反应抑制物的影响。为其它濒危鹿科动物的非损伤性取样提供了的新途径,为其遗传结构、遗传多样性现状等研究提供了更加广阔的取材空间。  相似文献   

10.
梅花鹿东北亚种(Cervus nippon hortulorum)曾被认为已野外灭绝,近年来在黑龙江东南部和吉林东部临近边境地区发现少量分布,其生境隔离、面积狭小,破碎化严重。亟需对其种群的遗传变化,特别是遗传多样性和近交衰退等种群遗传信息开展进一步评价,增强保护与管理的针对性。本研究在大、小兴安岭和长白山设计9个重点研究区域,共收集673份疑似梅花鹿粪样样本。首先基于线粒体DNA Cyt b基因测序技术开展物种鉴定,并对鉴定为梅花鹿的阳性样本利用微卫星技术进行个体识别。结果证实,东北梅花鹿仅在老爷岭东部山脉有分布,106份梅花鹿粪便DNA中识别出33只个体(穆棱保护区20只,老爷岭保护区13只)。33个Cyt b基因序列共检测出6个变异位点和5个单倍型,单倍型多样性指数(Hd)为0.621,核苷酸多样性指数(Pi)为0.006 7;微卫星检出种群平均等位基因数(Na)7.1个,观测杂合度(Ho)0.604,期望杂合度(He)0.712,固定系数(Fis)0.152。结果表明,东北梅花鹿种群遗传多样性丰富,但也存在一定程度的杂合度不足和近亲繁殖;种群近期经历了瓶颈效应,未发生种群扩张;群体间无遗传分化,可作为一个管理单元加以保护。建议,对东北梅花鹿稀有单倍型个体重点监测和保护,恰当时期考虑圈养种群野外放归,以提高野外个体间基因交流和快速种群恢复。  相似文献   

11.
Genetic variations in the giant panda populations in Wanglang and Baoxing Nature Reserves were evaluated in this study. Panda feces were collected from these two reserves and DNA samples extracted from the feces were genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci. A total of 130 alleles were identified from the 13 microsatellite loci in 63 giant pandas, including 35 private alleles in Wanglang, 53 private alleles in Baoxing, and 42 alleles shared between the two populations. The mean observed heterozygosity, average number of alleles, average number of allelic richness, and average polymorphism information content were 0.488, 6.2, 3.302, and 0.612, respectively for the Wanglang population and 0.553, 7.6, 4.050, and 0.747 for the Baoxing population. A moderate degree of genetic differentiation (F st = 0.26) and no gene flow were found between these two populations. W. He and L. Lin contributed equally to this work.  相似文献   

12.
浙江黑麂栖息地评价及保护对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
鲍毅新  郑祥  葛宝明 《生态学报》2006,26(8):2425-2431
运用地理信息系统技术,在分析黑麂栖息地的地形、植被、水系和人为干扰等地理特征的基础上,系统研究九龙山和古田山自然保护区黑麂栖息地分布、栖息地质量与空间格局。结果表明,在九龙山自然保护区有黑麂潜在栖息地3172.6hm^2,由于人类活动的影响导致栖息地丧失501.5hm^2,目前尚存的黑麂适宜栖息地2671.1hm^2。它们主要分布于上寮坑、九龙山、内北坪、外九龙和大岩前附近区域。古田山自然保护区有黑麂潜在栖息地4635.75hm^2,在人类活动影响下丧失栖息地1118.11hm^2,目前尚存的黑麂适宜栖息地3517.64hm^2。它们主要分布于青尖、古田山、巧观尖、催顶尖附近区域。目前九龙山和古田山自然保护区内的黑麂栖息地基本上处于多斑块破碎化状态。为了使黑麂能得到更好的保护,对这两个研究区域黑麂栖息地的恢复和重建工作亟待加强。  相似文献   

13.
Wu HL  Wan QH  Fang SG 《Biochemical genetics》2007,45(11-12):775-788
The black muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons) is a rare deer found only in a restricted region in east China. Recent studies of mitochondrial DNA diversity have shown a markedly low level of nucleotide diversity for the species, and the Suichang population was genetically differentiated from the two other populations, in Huangshan and Tianmushan mountains. In this study, we extended the analysis of genetic diversity and population subdivision for the black muntjac using data from 11 highly polymorphic nuclear DNA microsatellite loci. Contrary to the results based on mtDNA data, the microsatellite loci revealed that the black muntjac retained a rather high nuclear genetic diversity (overall average H (E) = 0.78). Nevertheless, both types of markers supported the idea that the extant black muntjac population is genetically disrupted (overall phi (ST) = 0.16 for mtDNA and overall F (ST) = 0.053 for microsatellite, both P < 0.001). The correlation between genetic differentiation and geographic distance was not significant (Mantel test; P > 0.05), implying that the patterns of genetic differentiation observed in this study might result from recent habitat fragmentation or loss. Based on the results from the mtDNA and nuclear DNA data sets, two management units were defined for the species, Huangshan/Tianmushan and Suichang. We also recommend that a new captive population be established with individuals from the Suichang region as a founder source.  相似文献   

14.
《农业工程》2014,34(1):13-18
The black muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons), endemic to China, was categorized as a Grade I National Key Protected Animal by the Ministry of Agriculture of China and classified as Vulnerable (VU) by IUCN. Recent years, studies had been conducted on this species mainly focusing on habitat selection, food habit, gene flow etc., only with a few reports on the population dynamics. Individual identification of wild animals is one of the most important subjects in the population dynamic research. Of various molecular markers, microsatellite DNA fingerprinting has been used most frequently and successfully on many kinds of animals. Here, we constructed identification system for the black muntjac using 8 microsatellite loci. 31 black muntjacs were identified from 141 fecal samples, whereas 43 samples could be used for PCR after repeated trials. Further, the sequencing for Cytb gene was also conducted for convincing us the identity of fecal samples. The results, highly consistent between sequencing consequence and sequence data from Genebank, implied that those experienced local people are of the convincing knowledge about wild animals, especially at the respects of identification to black muntjac’ feces pellets. Moreover, we detected the specificity of identification system to black muntjac. BM1225 was the only one locus that unsuccessful PCR for the muscle samples of Muntiacus reevesi was observed, which suggested that our identification system could be used for excluding the non-researched objects in some cases. Analyses using softwares CERVUS 3.0 and POPGENE 1.21 showed that the present identification system had strong discrimination power: 0.938 per loci (DP) or 0.999 in total (CDP). The mean observed number of alleles (Na), mean effective number of alleles (Ne), and mean excepted heterogosity (He) were 8.875, 6.375, and 0.829 respectively. Considering that the change of sex ratio in population could exert significant impact on population growth, density to some extent, we also analyzed the sex ratio of those individuals that had been identified based on fecal samples from filed using SRY (Sex-determining region Y) gene amplification, which identified 19 males and 12 females.  相似文献   

15.
The black muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons) is a vulnerable species found in the mountains of eastern China, about which little is known. Here we develop 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci from a (CA)(n) -enrichment library for the animal. In the analyses of 25 individuals sampled, unbiased expected heterozygosity levels varied from 0.686 to 0.876 and the number of alleles per locus varied from five to nine. Results that 11 microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic indicated that these markers are sufficiently powerful to address such questions as parentage, mating system and population genetic structure of M. crinifrons.  相似文献   

16.
Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were isolated from coconut (Cocos nucifera) and tested for polymorphism on restricted germplasm. Sequencing of 197 clones from a cv. Tagnanan Tall-enriched genomic library showed that 75% contained a microsatellite, of which 64% were dinucleotide (GA/CT, CA/GT and GC/CG), 6% were trinucleotide, and 30% were compound repeats. Of 41 primer pairs tested on Tagnanan Tall genomic DNA, 38 gave the expected size product, two amplified two loci, and another gave a multilocus pattern. On 20 coconut samples, the 38 SSRs detected 198 alleles (average: 5.2 alleles per microsatellite). Genetic diversity (D = 1 - sigma pi2) values ranged from 0.141 to 0.809. Heterozygotes were present at high frequencies among some dwarf samples. Analysis of similarity matrices based either on shared alleles at each locus (simple matching coefficient) or on allele bands across all loci (Jaccard coefficient) showed similar results. Dwarfs grouped separately from talls and showed less genetic diversity. In a wider test on 40 samples, 8 SSRs detected 64 alleles (average: eight alleles per microsatellite). These results indicate the high potential of microsatellites to detect genetic diversity in coconut germplasm.  相似文献   

17.
黑麂栖息地利用的季节变化   总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3  
动物对栖息地的利用和选择是研究动物生境需求的核心内容。它可以为栖息地评价、容纳量估计、能量代谢以及种间关系等研究提供有价值的基础资料,也对重建、恢复和管理野生动物尤其是濒危动物栖息地具有参考价值。以往有关黑麂生态学的研究主要集中在种群特征、食性、繁殖、人工驯养和资源状况等方面(欧善华等,1981;盛和林等,1987,1990,1992;鲍毅新,2002;吴海龙等,2003),对黑麂栖息地的利用只有简单的描述(盛和林,1987,1992),没有系统的定量化报道。故从2002年4月至2003年12月在浙江省九龙山自然保护区和古田山自然保护区开展了黑麂栖息地利…  相似文献   

18.
Four microsatellites were used to examine the genetic variability of the spawning stocks of Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis, from the Yangtze River sampled over a 3‐year period (1999–2001). Within 60 individuals, a total of 28 alleles were detected over four polymorphic microsatellite loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 15, with an average allele number of 7. The number of genotypes per locus ranged from 6 to 41. The genetic diversity of four microsatellite loci varied from 0.34 to 0.67, with an average value of 0.54. For the four microsatellite loci, the deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was mainly due to null alleles. The mean number of alleles per locus and the mean heterozygosity were lower than the average values known for anadromous fishes. Fish were clustered according to their microsatellite characteristics using an unsupervised ‘Artificial Neural Networks’ method entitled ‘Self‐organizing Map’. The results revealed no significant genetic differentiation considering genetic distance among samples collected during different years. Lack of heterogeneity among different annual groups of spawning stocks was explained by the complex age structure (from 8 to 27 years for males and 12 to 35 years for females) of Chinese sturgeon, leading to formulate an hypothesis about the maintenance of genetic diversity and stability in long‐lived animals.  相似文献   

19.
Six microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized to assess genetic diversity and determine parentage in three captive roseate spoonbill (Ajaia ajaja) populations. Analysis of 61 individuals from three zoological parks and one wild population at five polymorphic loci revealed an average of six alleles per locus and expected heterozygosities from 59% to 81% (average 70%). Since spoonbills do not exhibit obvious sexual dimorphism, Aaju4, which exhibited ZW‐specific alleles, was exceptionally useful for sex identification. These loci will be valuable tools for investigating genetic diversity and documenting patterns of parentage in captive roseate spoonbill populations.  相似文献   

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