共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
干细胞可塑性的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
传统的观点认为 ,生物体的不同组织与器官内存在不同类型的定向干细胞 ,可以分化产生所在组织与器官的细胞类型 ,参与组织的正常更新或者损伤后的再生。但是 ,最近一系列的研究表明 ,一些胚胎与成年动物体内的定向干细胞转移到其它环境时 ,能够产生一些适合新环境的、与干细胞来源组织不相关的细胞 ,被称为干细胞可塑性 相似文献
2.
3.
成体干细胞的可塑性:横向分化还是细胞融合? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来研究显示成体干细胞(adult stem cells)具有可塑性(plasticity),不仅可以生成它们所在组织的成熟细胞,而且在特定环境下能分化成其他组织类型细胞,这种跨系或跨胚层分化现象称为横向分化或转分化(transdifferentiation)。横向分化已为成体干细胞的研究和临床应用包括组织器官损伤的修复提供了新的思路和应用前景。然而,最近的一些研究进展又引出不同的解释,即成体干细胞的可塑性是由于细胞融合(cellfusion)的结果。在此,就成体干细胞的可塑性、横向分化、细胞融合等方面研究作一综述。 相似文献
4.
自从1998年第一次从内细胞团分离到人的胚胎干细胞,人们很快认识到胚胎干细胞在再生医学中的潜在应用价值。人们相信干细胞的研究将带来临床治疗各种疾病的革命。随着科学的进展,人们从胎儿和出生后个体的不同组织中分离到具有自我 相似文献
5.
6.
肌源干细胞可塑性研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前已证实肌肉中至少存在两种干细胞:肌卫星细胞和肌源干细胞。肌源干细胞被认为是卫星细胞的前体细胞,具有较高的增殖能力、更好的细胞生存能力和更宽的分化能力。肌源干细胞不仅能够分化成血、肌肉、脂肪、骨、软骨、内皮等中胚层细胞,而且也能打破胚层限制分化成外胚层和内胚层细胞。文章对肌源干细胞的分离纯化、鉴定、可塑性及临床应用做一综述。 相似文献
7.
8.
目前 ,细胞移植作为终末期肝病的辅助治疗方法 ,移植的细胞必须满足在受体肝脏中存活、增殖并可分化为成熟肝细胞两个重要条件 ,但目前应用的肝细胞来源有限 ,其功能随着培养时间的延长而逐渐下降等问题限制了这一治疗策略的广泛开展。作为具有发育全能性和无限增殖能力的细胞 ,胚胎干细胞向肝细胞的分化研究近年来引起了广泛的关注 ,并取得了较大的进展 ,寻找合适、高效的分化诱导方法是目前研究的热点之一。胚胎干细胞向肝细胞的分化研究既可以为临床细胞替代治疗提供合适的细胞来源 ,也可以在药物评估和肝脏发育分化基础研究方面起到重要的作用。通过概括肝脏和拟胚体分化发育的分子机制 ,对体外胚胎干细胞向肝细胞分化的几种诱导体系作了介绍 ,并对分化肝细胞的应用前景和存在的问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
9.
吴燕 《微生物学免疫学进展》2010,38(2):82-84
近年来干细胞研究成为生物医学领域研究的热点。肝干细胞是一种具有双向分化能力和自我更新能力的细胞,参与肝脏生长、发育与再生。肝干细胞分化的过程和机理较为复杂,利用肝干细胞进行细胞移植与生物人工肝治疗各种终末期肝病被认为是最有前途的方法之一。本文综述肝干细胞领域近年来研究进展。 相似文献
10.
动物胚胎干细胞诱导分化的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
胚胎干细胞 (ES细胞 )是从动物早期胚胎的内细胞团或原始生殖细胞分离出来的具有发育全能性的一种未分化的无限增殖细胞系 ,ES细胞能体外诱导分化为神经细胞、肌肉细胞、成纤维细胞等各种细胞。综述了动物的ES细胞的分化诱导机理及目前体外诱导分化的研究现状 相似文献
11.
干细胞概述 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
干细胞是存在于胚胎和成体中的一类特殊细胞,它能长期地自我更新,在特定的条件下具有分化形成多种终末细胞的能力,不同来源的干细胞分化潜能各异。从早期胚胎内细胞团分离的胚胎干细胞能分化形成个体所有的细胞类型,并具有在体外无限增殖的能力,是最具有临床应用前景和研究价值的干细胞之一。在成体各种组织和器官中也存在成体干细胞,用于维持机体结构和功能的稳态。近期有关成体干细胞可塑性的研究和成体组织中多能干细胞存在的证据扩大了人们对成体干细胞分化潜能的认识。干细胞具有的多向分化潜能和自我更新能力使其成为未来再生医学的重要种子细胞,并成为研究人类早期胚层特化和器官形成、药物筛选以及基因治疗的最佳工具。 相似文献
12.
13.
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of human amniotic fluid cells and their differentiation potential 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Bossolasco P Montemurro T Cova L Zangrossi S Calzarossa C Buiatiotis S Soligo D Bosari S Silani V Deliliers GL Rebulla P Lazzari L 《Cell research》2006,16(4):329-336
The main goal of the study was to identify a novel source of human multipotent cells, overcoming ethical issues involved in embryonic stem cell research and the limited availability of most adult stem cells. Amniotic fluid cells (AFCs) are routinely obtained for prenatal diagnosis and can be expanded in vitro; nevertheless current knowledge about their origin and properties is limited. Twenty samples of AFCs were exposed in culture to adipogenic, osteogenic, neurogenic and myogenic media. Differentiation was evaluated using immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blotting. Before treatments, AFCs showed heterogeneous morphologies. They were negative for MyoD, Myf-5, MRF4, Myogenin and Desmin but positive for osteocalcin, PPARgamma2, GAP43, NSE, Nestin, MAP2, GFAP and beta tubulin III by RT-PCR. The cells expressed Oct-4, Rex-1 and Runx-1, which characterize the undifferentiated stem cell state. By immunocytochemistry they expressed neural-glial proteins, mesenchymal and epithelial markers. After culture, AFCs differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts when the predominant cellular component was fibroblastic. Early and late neuronal antigens were still present after 2 week culture in neural specific media even if no neuronal morphologies were detectable. Our results provide evidence that human amniotic fluid contains progenitor cells with multi-lineage potential showing stem and tissue-specific gene/protein presence for several lineages. 相似文献
14.
L Cui Y Shi X Zhou X Wang J Wang Y Lan M Wang L Zheng H Li Q Wu J Zhang D Fan Y Han 《Cell death & disease》2013,4(11):e918
In a previous study, we elucidated the specific microRNA (miRNA) profile of hepatic differentiation. In this study, we aimed to clarify the instructive role of six overexpressed miRNAs (miR-1246, miR-1290, miR-148a, miR-30a, miR-424 and miR-542-5p) during hepatic differentiation of human umbilical cord lining-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and to test whether overexpression of any of these miRNAs is sufficient to induce differentiation of the hMSCs into hepatocyte-like cells. Before hepatic differentiation, hMSCs were infected with a lentivirus containing a miRNA inhibitor sequence. We found that downregulation of any one of the six hepatic differentiation-specific miRNAs can inhibit HGF-induced hepatic differentiation including albumin expression and LDL uptake. Although overexpression of any one of the six miRNAs alone or liver-enriched miR-122 cannot initiate hepatic differentiation, ectopic overexpression of seven miRNAs (miR-1246, miR-1290, miR-148a, miR-30a, miR-424, miR-542-5p and miR-122) together can stimulate hMSC conversion into functionally mature induced hepatocytes (iHep). Additionally, after transplantation of the iHep cells into mice with CCL4-induced liver injury, we found that iHep not only can improve liver function but it also can restore injured livers. The findings from this study indicate that miRNAs have the capability of directly converting hMSCs to a hepatocyte phenotype in vitro. 相似文献
15.
Sell S 《Seminars in cell & developmental biology》2002,13(6):419-424
There are four levels of cells in the hepatic lineage which may respond to different carcinogenic regimens: (1) the mature hepatocyte, which responds to diethylnitrosamine (DEN) hepatocarcinogenesis. (2) The bile duct progenitor cells, which give rise to cholangiocellular carcinomas when the furan model is used or when hamsters infected with liver flukes (Clornorchis sinensis) are exposed to dimethylnitrosamine. (3) The ductular 'bipolar' progenitor cell which gives rise to hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) in several N-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-2-AAF) based regimens, and (4) the periductular stem cell, which is the cell of origin of HCC induced by the choline deficiency models of hepatocarcinogenesis. Extrahepatic (bone marrow) origin of the periductular stem cells is supported by recent data showing that hepatocytes may express genetic markers of donor hematopoietic cells after bone marrow transplantation. 相似文献
16.
Yang X Qu L Wang X Zhao M Li W Hua J Shi M Moldovan N Wang H Dou Z 《Molecular reproduction and development》2007,74(3):386-396
Here we report the isolation and characterization of pluripotent stem cells from adult goat skin. We found that these primary cells have the properties of embryonic stem cells (ESC), including the expression of appropriate immunological markers and the capability of forming embryoid bodies. The subcultured cells also show the characteristics of stem cells, such as the expression of CK19, beta(1-)integrin, P63, and formation of holo-clones in culture. Therefore, we termed these cells epidermal adult stem cells (EpiASC), although their origin was not identified. We have shown that clones of individual EpiASC proliferate and differentiate in culture to produce neurons, cardiomyocytes, osteoblasts, and occytes. Further, we cultivated EpiASC on bioengineered dermis and denuded human amniotic membrane (HAM), to reconstruct artificial skin and corneal epithelium. We successfully transplanted those artificial tissues in goats with acute full-thickness skin defect (AFTSD) and limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), respectively. Our results showed that indeed EpiASC reconstructed the skin (hair was observed in restored areas), and repaired the damaged cornea of goats with total LSCD. These data confirm that EpiASC can differentiate into different functional cell types in vivo or in vitro. Due to their high degree of inherent plasticity, and to their easy accessibility for collection from the skin, EpiASC are excellent candidate sources for diverse cell therapies. 相似文献
17.
丙型病毒性肝炎(hepatitis C virus,HCV)慢性感染及肝前体细胞向肝癌干细胞分化是原发性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的重要致病因素。且Wnt信号参与维持肝癌干细胞特性,但HCV能否通过活化Wnt信号诱导肝前体细胞向肝癌干细胞分化尚不清楚。本室研究发现,在HCV core诱导分化的肝前体细胞中,HCV core抑制成熟肝细胞标志物Alb、CK18的表达,糖原储存能力显著下降(P<0.05),且上调肝癌干细胞标志物EpCAM、CD133、CD44等表达。另外,HCV core增强β-联蛋白活性及表达水平,促使β-联蛋白向核内聚集,上调其下游靶基因EpCAM、细胞周期蛋白D1、C-myc的表达,沉默β-联蛋白后,Wnt/β-catenin通路其下游靶基因表达明显受到抑制,糖原储存能力部分恢复,荧光共聚焦显示HCV core与β-联蛋白在细胞核内存在共定位。因此,HCV core可能与β-联蛋白相互作用,直接活化Wnt/β-catenin通路,上调其下游靶基因EpCAM等表达,诱导肝前体细胞向肝癌干细胞分化。 相似文献
18.
如果肝脏严重受损致使肝细胞大部分坏死,或由于某些原因 ( 肝毒性物质、致癌物质的作用 ) 抑制残存肝细胞增殖时,肝内前体/干细胞———肝卵圆细胞便被激活并分化生成肝细胞和胆管细胞等以参与肝修复 . 基于此理论,人们建立了啮齿类动物肝卵圆细胞诱导实验模型 . 但显然上述模型不适用于人类,所以有必要开发一种适用于人类的、高效的肝卵圆细胞的新诱导模型 . 选用小鼠胚胎干细胞,转成拟胚体分化 3 天后分组,诱导组添加肝细胞生长因子 (HGF) 、表皮生长因子 (EGF) 作定向诱导分化 . 其间用免疫细胞化学 (ICC) 检测肝卵圆细胞标志物 A6 等的表达,用流式细胞仪筛选肝卵圆细胞并行 RT-PCR 、透射电镜检测 . 所筛选的肝卵圆细胞进一步体外培养并进行 ICC 和 RT-PCR ,检测其分化生成成熟的肝细胞和胆管细胞的能力 . 研究证实胚胎干细胞体外定向诱导生成肝实质细胞的过程中,存在着有双向分化能力的肝卵圆细胞这个中间分化阶段 . 诱导组肝卵圆细胞分化率均显著地高于对照组,最高时可达 6.11% 左右 . HGF 和 EGF 能显著性诱导胚胎干细胞源性卵圆细胞的生成 . 流式细胞仪筛选 Sca-1+/CD34+ 细胞占总细胞数的 4.59% ,其中 A6 阳性肝卵圆细胞占 90.81% 左右 . 使用流式细胞仪可获得高富集的 A6+/Sca-1+/CD34+ 肝卵圆细胞 . 提供了一种可适用于人类的肝卵圆细胞的新诱导模型 . 相似文献
19.
Xin‐Rong Tao Wen‐Lin Li Juan Su Cai‐Xia Jin Xin‐Min Wang Jian‐Xiu Li Jun‐Kai Hu Zhen‐Hua Xiang Joseph T.Y. Lau Yi‐Ping Hu 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2009,108(3):693-704
There is increasing evidence that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can be a valuable, transplantable source of hepatocytes. Most of the hMSCs preparations used in these studies were likely heterogeneous cell populations, isolated by adherence to plastic surfaces or by density gradient centrifugation. Therefore, the participation of other unknown trace cell populations cannot be rigorously discounted. Here we report the isolation and establishment of a cloned human MSC line (chMSC) from human bone marrow primary culture, through which we confirmed the hepatic differentiation capability of authentic hMSCs. chMSCs expressed markers of mesenchymal cells, but not markers of hematopoietic stem cells. In vitro, chMSCs can differentiate into either mesenchymal cells or cells exhibiting hepatocyte‐like phenotypes. When transplanted intrasplentically into carbon tetrachloride‐injured livers of SCID mice, EGFP‐tagged chMSCs engrafted into the host liver parenchyma, exhibited typical hepatocyte morphology, form a three‐dimensional architecture, and differentiate into hepatocyte‐like cells expressing human albumin and α‐1‐anti‐trypsin. By confocal microscopy, ultrafine intercellular nanotubular structures were visible between adjacent transplanted and host hepatocytes. We postulate that these structures may assist in the phenotype conversion of chMSCs, possibly by exchange of cytoplasmic components between native hepatocytes and transplanted cells. Thus, a clonal pure population of hMSCs, which can be expanded in culture, may have potential as a cellular source for substitution damaged cells in hepatic injury. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 693–704, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献