来源于Escherichia coli的高比活植酸酶基因的高效表达

高效表达高比活植酸酶是进一步提高植酸酶发酵效价、降低植酸酶生产成本的一个有效途径。对源于Escherichiacoli的高比活植酸酶基因appA ,按照毕赤酵母 (Pichiapastoris)密码子的偏爱进行了密码子优化改造。该改造后的基因appA m按正确的阅读框架融合到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9上的α 因子信号肽编码序列 3′端 ,通过电击转化得到重组转化子。对重组毕赤酵母的Southernblotting分析证实植酸酶基因已整合到酵母基因组中 ,并确定了整合基因的拷贝数。Northernblotting分析证实植酸酶基因得到了正常转录。SDS PAGE分析和表达产物的研究表明 ,植酸酶得到了高效分泌表达 ,在 5L发酵罐中植酸酶蛋白表达量达到 2 5mg mL发酵液 ,酶活性 (发酵效价 )达到 7 5× 10 6 IU mL发酵液以上 ,大大高于目前报道的各种植酸酶基因工程菌株的发酵效价。     

重组胰岛素原在毕赤酵母中高效分泌表达的研究

为了提高胰岛素在酵母的分泌表达效率,首先合成了胰岛素原基因,并在其序列的N端引入了一段引导肽,构建成p PICZα-A-Pro-INS重组分泌型表达载体。将表达载体线性化处理后电击转化毕赤酵母GSll5感受态细胞,筛选获得分泌型高表达工程菌株,重组蛋白的表达水平为300 mg/L,占分泌总蛋白的40%左右。该结果表达明引导肽的存在对于在毕赤酵母中高效表达胰岛素的基因至关重要。     

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌羧酸酯酶的异源表达及酶学性质研究

运用生物信息学技术从嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(Geobacillus stearothermophilus) CICC 20156中克隆获得羧酸酯酶基因,构建黑曲霉和毕氏酵母表达质粒,将重组质粒分别转化毕氏酵母GS115和黑曲霉pyrG基因缺陷株M54．SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测显示：携带His标记的外源蛋白在转化真菌宿主中均获得了高效分泌性表达,毕氏酵母和黑曲霉表达的外源蛋白分子质量均约为29 ku,蛋白质浓度分别为30.7 mg/L和15.3 mg/L．生物学活性测定表明,毕氏酵母与黑曲霉表达的羧酸酯酶单位蛋白酶活分别为22 671 U/mg和21 438 U/mg．酶学性质研究显示,两种表达系统表达的重组羧酸酯酶的酶学特性基本一致,它们在40～70℃范围内均显示较好的酶活性,最适反应温度为60℃．70℃处理30 min,毕氏酵母和黑曲霉表达重组羧酸酯酶残余酶活分别为 76.7%和67.6%,显示出良好的热稳定性．在pH 6.5～8.5的范围内显示较高酶活性,最适pH为8.0．上述研究首次实现了具有良好热稳定性的嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌羧酸酯酶在黑曲霉和毕氏酵母中高效异源分泌性表达,其中毕氏酵母羧酸酯酶的产量要高于黑曲霉的酶产量,但考虑到重组黑曲霉表达外源性蛋白无需使用任何诱导剂,黑曲霉菌表达热稳定性羧酸酯酶可能具有更好的应用前景．     

信号肽序列对毕赤酵母表达外源蛋白质的影响

乙醇氧化酶启动子被分离、克隆 ,并建立了转化方法后 ,毕赤酵母已被发展成为一种高效的外源蛋白表达宿主。为了进一步提高外源蛋白质的分泌表达 ,对信号肽序列进行了研究。首先按毕赤酵母的偏爱密码合成了酿酒酵母的α因子信号肽序列MF4I,随后在MF4I信号肽序列的N端分别引入 1～ 10个毕赤酵母Aox1蛋白质的N端氨基酸 ,构成 10种不同的分泌信号肽序列 ,10种不同的分泌信号肽序列被用于植酸酶基因的毕赤酵母分泌表达。以上新的信号肽序列都可使植酸酶的分泌表达量增加 ,而以N端增加A、I、P三个氨基酸的信号肽序列引起的提高最大 ;和野生型的酿酒酵母α因子信号肽序列相比 ,使植酸酶分泌表达量增加 5倍 ,摇瓶中植酸酶的分泌表达量为 90mg/L。此外在MF4I信号肽的引导序列和内切蛋白酶间增加了EEAEAEAEP和K共 10个氨基酸 ,进一步提高信号肽的分泌效率 ,使表达又提高约 35 % ,使得摇瓶中酸性植酸酶的表达量达到 12 0mg/L ,是pPCI9K表达量的 8倍。     

黑曲霉Z6植酸酶基因phyA的克隆及表达

目的:克隆植酸酶基因phyA,构建毕赤酵母表达载体,转化毕赤酵母,并对重组工程菌的表达产物进行初步酶学性质研究.方法:以植酸酶高产菌株-黑曲霉Z6染色体DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到植酸酶基因phyA,序列鉴定后连接到毕赤酵母穿梭载体pPIC9K上,构建重组质粒pPIC9K-phyA,电击转化毕赤酵母KM71,筛选得到重组转化子.对重组工程菌表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析和酶活性研究.结果:phyA序列分析表明该基因具有典型的植酸酶活性位点保守序列ArgHisGlyAlaArgTyrPro,与NC-BI已发表的植酸酶基因同源性较高,达到94%以上.该序列已提交GenBank,序列号为DQ318022.重组工程菌KM71-phyA7的PCR扩增证实了植酸酶基因已整合到酵母基因组中,植酸酶能有效分泌和表达,粗酶液酶活可达875U/mL.结论:植酸酶基因phyA在毕赤酵母中成功表达,为今后的定向改组奠定了基础.     

高效表达具有生物学活性的植酸酶的毕赤酵母

对来源于Aspergillusniger 96 3的植酸酶基因 phyA2进行了改造 ,包括去掉基因中的内含子和信号肽编码序列 ,在不改变所编码氨基酸的情况下 ,定点突变优化了对此基因在酵母中高效表达起关键作用的Arg密码子 .经改造的植酸酶基因按正确的阅读框架融合到毕赤酵母 (Pichiapastoris)高效表达载体 pPIC9上的α 因子信号肽编码序列 3′端 ,重组表达载体电击转化毕赤酵母得到重组转化子 ,经Southernblotting分析证实了植酸酶基因已整合到酵母基因组中 ,并确定了基因整合的拷贝数 .Northernblotting分析证明植酸酶基因能进行正常的转录 .SDS PAGE分析和表达产物的酶活性研究证明 ,植酸酶能有效分泌和高效表达 (Arg密码子优化后其表达量可达每毫升培养液 1 5 0 0 0U ,比Arg密码子没有优化的表达量高约 37倍 ,比原菌株A .niger 96 3的表达量高约 30 0 0倍 ) ,表达产物具有正常的生物学活性 .这是迄今为止我国饲料工业中 ,构建的第 1株具有实用价值和应用前景的生产饲料添加剂的基因工程菌株     

植酸酶和甘露聚糖酶双功能毕赤酵母工程菌的构建和产酶分析

根据已发表的植酸酶基因和甘露聚糖酶基因序列设计并合成引物,应用PCR技术,分别以土曲霉总DNA和质粒pHBM1201为模板,扩增出均不含假定信号肽序列的植酸酶基因phyA和甘露聚糖酶基因man,将它们各自克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pHBM907C上,分别得到重组质粒pHBM907C-phyA和pHBM907C-man。将质粒pHBM907C-phyA上由乙醇氧化酶(AOX1)启动子和终止子引导表达、酿酒酵母α信号肽序列引导分泌的phyA表达盒式结构插入到质粒pHBM907C-man中,构成双基因表达分泌质粒pHBM907C-phyA-man。pHBM907C-phyA-man经SalⅠ酶切线性后转化毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)GS115,获得了同时分泌表达植酸酶和甘露聚糖酶的双功能酵母工程菌。研究了该酵母工程菌所分泌表达的重组植酸酶和甘露聚糖酶的相关酶学性质,并进行了双功能酵母工程菌的稳定性测试。     

来源于Escherichia coli的高比活植酸酶基因的高效表达

高效表达高比活植酸酶是进一步提高植酸酶发酵效价、降低植酸酶生产成本的一个有效途径。对源于Escherichia coli的高比活植酸酶基因appA,按照毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）密码子的偏爱进行了密码子优化改造。该改造后的基因appA-m按正确的阅读框架融合到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9上的α-因子信号肽编码序列3′端,通过电击转化得到重组转化子。对重组毕赤酵母的Southern blotting分析证实植酸酶基因已整合到酵母基因组中,并确定了整合基因的拷贝数。Northern blotting分析证实植酸酶基因得到了正常转录。SDS-PAGE分析和表达产物的研究表明,植酸酶得到了高效分泌表达,在5L发酵罐中植酸酶蛋白表达量达到2.5mg/mL发酵液, 酶活性(发酵效价)达到7.5×10⁶IU/mL发酵液以上, 大大高于目前报道的各种植酸酶基因工程菌株的发酵效价。     

亮白曲霉乳糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达及酶学性质研究

将克隆的亮白曲霉 (Aspergilluscandidus)乳糖酶基因lacb′插入到毕赤酵母 (Pichiapastoris)高效表达载体pPIC9中 ,与分泌信号肽序列α_因子融合 ,通过同源重组将lacb′整合到酵母染色体上。通过SDS_PAGE检测和表达产物的酶活性筛选 ,得到重组转化子 ,证明乳糖酶获得有效分泌和高效表达。表达的乳糖酶为糖蛋白 ,表观分子量为 130kD ,脱糖基后的蛋白分子量下降为 110kD。经过 5L小罐高密度发酵 ,重组酵母中酶蛋白表达量为 6mg mL发酵液 ,每毫升发酵液中乳糖酶的活力为 36 0 0U ,高于目前国内外报道的水平。进一步研究了表达产物的酶学性质 ,该酶最适pH为 5 . 2 ,最适反应温度 6 0℃ ,比活性为 70 6 . 5± 2 . 6U mg ,Km为 1 7mmol L ,Vmax为 3. 3μmol min。与米曲霉ATCC 2 0 4 2 3的乳糖酶相比 ,该乳糖酶具热稳定性强、比活性高、pH范围宽等特点。     

青岛海葵强心活性多肽在毕氏酵母中的分泌表达

青岛海葵中存在两种具有增强心肌收缩功能的多肽类毒素（分别命名为Ap-QD1和Ap-QD2).通过分析已经得到Ap-QD2的氨基酸序列,按照毕氏酵母的偏爱密码子设计并合成了Ap-QD2的cDNA.将合成cDNA序列通过PCR扩增及一系列分子克隆操作导入毕氏酵母表达载体pPICZαA中,以电穿孔方法转化毕氏酵母GS115和KM71,并进行转化子的表型及高拷贝化筛选.其中的KM71(Mut^s)的转化子经摇瓶发酵,每升发酵液可表达约20 mg的重组Ap-QD2产物,通过纯化可得到7 mg纯的有天然生物学活性的Ap-QD2基因工程产物.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.