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1.
长江口冬季和春季浮游植物的粒级生物量   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
根据2005年2月28日—3月10日和5月30日—6月4日在长江口及其邻近水域进行的多学科综合外业调查,报道了冬季和春季浮游植物粒级生物量的空间分布和组成特征,并探讨了影响浮游植物粒级生物量的环境因子.结果表明:冬季长江口及其邻近水域表层叶绿素a平均浓度为1.28 mg·m-3,高值区集中在口门附近;小粒径浮游植物(<20 μm)对浮游植物生物量的贡献率为66.7%,但在冲淡水区大粒径浮游植物(>20 μm)占据优势.春季长江口及其邻近水域表层叶绿素a浓度大幅增加,口门内、外的平均值分别为0.67和6.03 mg·m-3,122.5°—123.0° E间水域因水华爆发出现显著的叶绿素a高值区;小粒径浮游植物对浮游植物生物量的贡献高达83.5%,其优势在水华区尤为明显.典型站位浮游植物粒级生物量的垂向分布显示,2种粒径浮游植物叶绿素a浓度的差异随水深增加而减小,至底层二者浓度相当.根据所获的环境因子资料,盐度和营养盐是影响长江口及其邻近水域浮游植物粒级生物量分布和组成的重要环境因子.  相似文献   

2.
为研究风车草(Cyperus alternifolius)和香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)迁移养分的能力,建立17.0 m2风车草潜流式人工湿地和13.3 m2香根草潜流式人工湿地处理猪场废水,在四个季节末测定植物生物量和组织氮、磷、铜、锌含量.结果表明,香根草地下部生物量大于风车草,地上部生物量则是风车草大于香根草.风车草年地上部收获量为3406.47 g·m-2,比香根草的1483.88 g·m-2高2.3倍;风车草的氮含量为22.69 mg·g-1,比香根草的15.44 mg·g-1高7.25 mg·g-1;风车草的磷含量为6.09 mg·g-1,比香根草的5.47 mg·g-1高0.62 mg·g-1.植株含铜、锌量风车草略比香根草高.风车草每年迁移N 68.72 g·m-2和P 18.49 g·m-2,香根草迁移N 8.93 g·m-2和P 3.69 g·m-2.风车草人工湿地每年由植物迁移的氮、磷、铜、锌比香根草高4~7倍.  相似文献   

3.
以我国东北长白山自然保护区内同一海拔水平的原始阔叶红松林及其次生林——白桦山杨成熟林和幼林为对象,对不同演替阶段林地地下生物量与碳、氮贮量进行了研究.结果表明,随着演替的进行,白桦山杨幼林、成熟林和阔叶红松林根系生物量分别为2.437、2.742和4.114 kg·m-2,根系碳贮量分别为1.113、1.323和2.023 kg·m-2,土壤碳贮量分别为11.911、11.943和12.587 kg·m-2,林地地下碳贮量分别为13.024、13.266和14.610 kg·m-2.3块林地中根系氮贮量分别为0.035、0.032和0.039 kg·m-2,土壤氮贮量分别为1.207、1.222和0.915 kg·m-2,林地地下氮贮量分别为1.243、1.254和0.955 kg·m-2.在长白山地区次生林演替和恢复过程中林地地下部分是潜在的碳汇,而土壤氮贮量则没有明显的变化规律.  相似文献   

4.
黄河上游玛曲段春季浮游生物群落结构特征   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
为了了解黄河上游玛曲段的水质状况,于2006年4—5月对黄河玛曲段干流浮游生物的群落组成进行了调查。结果表明:全段的浮游植物共有5门23种(属),浮游植物密度为3.2×104~54×104 cells·L-1,平均密度为19.7×104 cells·L-1,生物量为0.069~0.464 mg·L-1,平均生物量为0.228 mg·L-1,其中密度最高的为齐哈玛,生物量最高的为玛曲大桥;浮游动物共有2门10种(属),密度为670~1273 cells·L-1,平均为881.56 cells·L-1,生物量为0.044~0.089 mg·L-1,平均为0.064 mg·L-1;该河段浮游生物组成多以冷水性为主;浮游植物多样性指数介于2~3,表明黄河上游玛曲段水质呈轻度污染;浮游生物丰富度与均匀度值均较低,群落结构组成不稳定,易受外界环境的干扰。  相似文献   

5.
川中丘陵区冬灌田甲烷和氧化亚氮排放研究   总被引:18,自引:4,他引:14       下载免费PDF全文
采用静态暗箱/气相色谱法对川中丘陵区冬灌田CH4和N2O排放特征进行连续一年的田间原位测定.结果表明,种植水稻区(种植区)在水稻生长季平均CH4排放速率为22.76±2.76 mg·m-2·h-1,休闲期平均为1.43±0.20 mg·m-2·h-1,全年平均为9.64±1.17 mg·m-2·h-1;全年CH4排放主要集中在水稻生长季,其累计CH4排放量占全年总CH4排放量的91.2%未种植水稻区(对照区) 全年CH4平均排放速率为2.03±0.18 mg·m-2·h-1,水稻生长季CH4排放量占全年总排放量的86.2%.N2O的排放在稻田落干时呈现脉冲排放.在水稻生长季,对照区CH4和N2O的季节排放速率分别为4.53±0.38mg·m-2·h-1和32.01±5.02 μg·m-2·h-1,而种植区则分别为22.76±2.76 mg·m-2·h-1和73.04±5.03 μg·m-2·h-1,植株参与导致CH4和N2O排放速率分别增加302%和128%.CH4和N2O的排放随土水分条件的变化呈互为消长关系.在冬灌田中,即使考虑500年的时间尺度,全年N2O排放产生的全球增温潜势也只有CH4的7.9%,与CH4相比,冬灌田排放的N2O所产生的温室效应很小.  相似文献   

6.
在设施基质栽培条件下,研究了营养液中120、240及360 mg·L-1 3个钾素水平对网纹甜瓜‘甜甜1号’叶片光合特性及叶绿体亚显微结构的影响.结果表明,营养液中钾素水平过低(120 mg·L-1)或过高(360 mg·L-1)均导致网纹甜瓜叶片净光合速率下降,使叶绿体片层结构混乱、变形和片层数减少,但对CO2补偿点(70 μl·L-1)、饱和CO2(600 μl·L-1)、光补偿点(50 μmol·m-2·s-1)无显著影响.适宜的钾素水平能显著提高叶片的饱和光强、羧化效率和表观量子效率,3个指标分别为1 200 μmol·m-2·s-1、0.1364和0.0237.在试验条件下,提高温室内基质栽培网纹甜瓜叶片光合效率的最适钾素水平为240 mg·L-1.  相似文献   

7.
利用2002—2003年长江口近海(122°00′—123°30′ E,29°00′—32°00′ N)四季调查资料,研究了长江口近海浮游糠虾类多样性、数量波动过程及其与渔场的关系.结果表明:长江口近海共有浮游糠虾14种,秋季10种,春、秋季8种,冬季2种.种类组成季节更替明显,其中从秋季到冬季更替率最高(90.9%),春、夏和秋季多样性指数(H′)值均大于2,冬季为1- 夏季丰度均值最高[234.70 ind·(100 m3)-1],秋季为103.34 ind·(100 m3)-1,春季80.36 ind·(100 m3)-1,冬季最低12.40 ind·(100 m3)-1,丰度变化与温度一致.因温、盐适应范围最广,漂浮囊糠虾是春、秋、冬3季的优势种;短额刺糠虾是夏、秋两季的优势种;长额刺糠虾是冬季的优势种各季节优势种对总丰度贡献均较大.夏季短额刺糠虾的聚集强度最高.长江口近海浮游糠虾类对长江口渔场及舟山渔场的形成具有重要意义.  相似文献   

8.
稻鸭共作对甲烷排放的影响   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
利用密闭箱技术,于2006和2007年研究了稻鸭复合系统CH4的排放规律及影响因素.结果表明:与常规淹水稻田(CK)相比,由于鸭子的活动,养鸭稻田(RD)的田面水溶解氧浓度(DO)增加,CH4的排放显著减少.2006年RD的平均CH4排放通量为(6.84±1.49) mg·m-2·h-1,比CK的(10.17±1.25)mg·m-2·h-1降低32.7%,CH4排放总量为(19.34±1.15) g·m-2,比CK的(26.25±2.17) g·m-2减少26.3%; 2007年RD的平均CH4排放通量为(7.68±0.74) mg·m-2·h-1,比CK的(9.53±0.40)mg·m-2·h-1降低19.0%, CH4排放总量为(18.41±1.05)g·m-2,比CK的(22.81±0.75) g·m-2减少19.3%.在水稻全生育期,各处理CH4的排放通量分别在分蘖期和抽穗期出现2个排放高峰;CH4排放通量的季节变化与土壤温度和土壤水溶性有机碳含量呈显著正相关,但与土壤总有机碳含量相关不显著.  相似文献   

9.
三江平原典型沼泽湿地氧化亚氮通量   总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14  
2002~2004年利用静态箱-气相色谱法对三江平原3种具有代表性的湿地类型(常年积水的毛果苔草沼泽、季节性积水的小叶章湿草甸和常年土壤过湿的灌丛湿地)进行了为期两年半的N2O现场观测研究.结果表明,三江平原3种类型湿地N2O通量均有明显的季节变化和年际变化,一般在非冰冻期表现为排放,冰雪覆盖期表现为微弱的吸收.生长季的N2O通量以灌丛湿地N2O排放通量最大,毛果苔草沼泽最小.全年平均N2O交换通量: 毛果苔草沼泽为53.928 mg·m-2·yr-1,小叶章湿地为21.408 mg·m-2·yr-1,灌丛湿地为657.120 mg·m-2·yr-1,证明沼泽湿地是大气N2O的源.3种类型湿地生长季N2O通量无明显的日变化,与温度的相关性不大.  相似文献   

10.
杉木人工林土壤活性有机质变化特征   总被引:30,自引:6,他引:24  
在中国科学院会同森林生态实验站对第一代、第二代杉木林和地带性阔叶林土壤活性有机质主要组分进行了研究.结果表明,土壤活性有机质各组分含量均为杉木林低于阔叶林,而第二代杉木林又低于第一代杉木.第一代杉木林活性有机质总量、微生物生物量碳、水溶性有机碳和碳水化合物含量分别为18.79 g·kg-1、421.7 mg·kg-1、252.2 mg·kg-1和136.3 mg·kg-1,上述活性有机质组分在第二代杉木林中的含量分别是第一代杉木林的73.6%、87.9%、66.3%和53.2%,地带性阔叶林则分别为22.31 g·kg-1、800.5 mg·kg-1、361.1 mg·kg-1和220.1 mg·kg-1.相关性分析结果表明,土壤活性有机质各组分之间具有不同程度的相关性,其中土壤微生物生物量碳与其它活性有机质组分的相关性相对较高.  相似文献   

11.
长江口及邻近海域浮游动物群落结构及季节变化   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
根据2006—2007年长江口及其邻近海域(29°30'N—32°30'N,120°00'E—127°30'E)150个站位4个季节的调查资料,对长江口海域浮游动物群落结构、种类组成、优势种及其季节变化进行研究。结果表明,长江口及其邻近海域浮游动物群落物种多样性丰富,四季共鉴定浮游动物460种,隶属7个门,246属,此外,另有54类浮游幼体。其中,桡足类是最优势类群,有193种,占41.96%;端足类为第二优势类群,有51种,占11.09%;水螅水母为第三优势类群,有34种,占7.39%。长江口及其邻近海域浮游动物的物种多样性呈现明显季节变化,其特征为:夏季(317种)秋季(309种)春季(230种)冬季(138种)。中华哲水蚤和百陶带箭虫为长江口及其邻近海域的四季优势种。长江口及其邻近海域浮游动物大体可划分为5种生态类群:近岸低盐类群、广温广盐类群、低温高盐类群、高温广盐类群和高温高盐类群。结合同步调查的水文和水化学数据,进行浮游动物群落丰度与环境因子的相关分析表明:盐度是影响长江口及其邻近海域的浮游动物群落丰度的主要环境因子。  相似文献   

12.
长江河口浮游动物的种类组成、群落结构及多样性   总被引:81,自引:10,他引:71  
于1999年枯水期(2—3月份)、丰水期(8月份)、2000年枯水期(2—3月份)对长江河口浮游动物采样调查,研究了长江河口浮游动物的种类组成、群落结构及多样性并初步探讨了三峡工程对长江河口浮游动物的影响及长江河口水环境的生物监测。调查共发现浮游动物87种,甲壳动物占绝对优势,共59种。在所有浮游动物中挠足类31种。其次为水母类,有9种,此外,枝角类、毛颚类各8种。3次采样浮游动物的优势种主要有河口半咸水种和近岸低盐种类如华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus sinensis)、火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)、虫肢歪水蚤(Tortanus vermiculus),真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)等,还有长江径流带到河口的淡水种如近领剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus vicinus)、英勇剑水蚤(Cyclops strenuus)、透明溞(Daphnia hyalina)等。一些浮游动物可作为水系指示种,其分布、数量反映了不同水系分布变化,长江河口浮游动物有;类水系指示种。通过对长江河口浮游动物群落聚类分析发现。1999、2000年枯水期浮游动物群落结构相似。可分为河口类群、近岸类群和近外海类群。1999年丰水期只形成近岸和近外海类群。浮游动物种类数由口门内向口门外方向有逐渐增加的趋势。浮游动物种类数由北向南变化趋势一致。大潮与小潮、涨憩与落强等潮汐作用对浮游动物影响往往因采样时间与区域等的不同而不同。对长江河口3次采样的物种多样性指数和均匀度指数进行了计算,结果表明:浮游动物多样性指数1999年枯水期最低,1999年丰水期最高。  相似文献   

13.
To clarify spatial and seasonal differences in net plankton and zoobenthos in Lake Tonle Sap, Cambodia, quantitative surveys were carried out at 14 stations in the north and south basins in high- and low-water seasons during 2003–2005. In the phytoplankton communities, a diatom Aulacoseira granulata dominated throughout the lake in the high-water seasons, while blue-green algae, mostly composed of Microcystis, surpassed other algae in the low-water season when the lake water was very turbid and the Secchi disk readings were only a few centimeters. In the low-water seasons, a bloom of floating blue-green algae occurred everywhere, especially prominent in the coastal areas. Protozoans and rotifers dominated the zooplankton communities. In the open-water stations, diversity was higher in high-water seasons in phytoplankton, while it was not significantly different between seasons in zooplankton. Composition of plankton communities in Lake Tonle Sap appears to have changed little since the 1950s, at least in phytoplankton, while the phytoplankton density appears to be higher in the present study. Among the macrozoobenthos, mollusks, oligochaetes and chironomids dominated in density, and mollusks exceeded others in biomass in both basins and seasons. The total densities of macrozobenthos were not high, being fewer than 1,300 m−2 throughout the stations and seasons. Possible reasons for the low zoobenthos abundance in the lake may include high predation pressures by benthivorous fish or unfavorable unstable and flocculant substrates.  相似文献   

14.
The structure and dynamics of fish communities were characterized by richness, abundance, diversity and stability, during high-water and low-water periods. These analyses were performed on data from the flood zone of four streams in the lower Purus River, in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 188 species of fish were collected, distributed among 29 families and eight orders. The statistical test showed a difference in community diversity between periods. The high-water period showed higher evenness in comparison to the low-water season. The low-water period was marked by high species abundance. A great variation in community composition between the flood and low-water periods was encountered. The adjustments for species abundance models suggested that stochastic events structure the communities. Most of the species showed a temporal variation of abundance indicating low community stability. Changes in the physico-chemical conditions of the water caused by the seasonal hydrological regime may be influencing the structuring of the fish communities.  相似文献   

15.
The aim of this research was to study the flood pulse influence and the anthropic impact caused by bauxite tailings on the chemical composition of O. glumaepatula in Batata lake (PA, Brazil). Sampling was carried out in stands of O. glumaepatula in the low-water, filling, high-water, and drawdown periods in impacted and natural areas of Batata lake. During the low-water and drawdown periods the stands of O. glumaepatula were exposed, and in the filling and high-water periods the water depth was respectively 1.4 and 3.8 m. The collected material was dried at 70 degrees C, ground, and concentrations of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, organic carbon, and energy content were determined. The results indicate that the biomass increase, caused by the rise in water level, has a dilution effect on nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in O. glumaepatula. The energy contents did not present significant differences in any of the studied periods. The results suggest that from the low water to filling period, nitrogen becomes more limiting to O. glumaepatula in the impacted area, whereas phosphorus becomes more limiting in the natural area. The population of O. glumaepatula contributes to the recovery of the impacted area of Batata lake as the detritus from this species accumulates over the sediment. This accumulation impedes future re-suspension of the bauxite tailings and increases the organic matter and nutrient concentrations in the impacted sediment.  相似文献   

16.
东海赤潮高发区春季浮游动物生态特征的研究   总被引:29,自引:6,他引:23  
根据2002年4~5月东海122°~123°30′E、29°~32°N水域海洋综合调查资料,对东海赤潮高发区浮游动物的数量分布、群落特征、种类组成及优势种等进行了分析.结果表明,在调查区共鉴定出饵料浮游动物128种[不含16种浮游幼虫(体)和仔鱼],分5门12大类,以桡足类占优势(40种,31.25%).浮游动物群落以广温广盐生态类群为主.中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)为最主要优势种(142.10ind·m-3,68.09%).总生物量均值为243.80mg-m3(55.53~773.92mg·m-3),最高密集区(>500mg·m-3)位于长江口30°45′~31°15′N、122°45′~123°15′E水域.饵料生物量均值为195.96mg·m13(55.53~496.09mg·m。),呈长江口(30°30′N以北)水域高于舟山岛东南水域、长江口外海(122°45′E以东)高于近海水域的分布趋势.多样性指数(H′)均值为2.12(1.09~3.73).长江口水域多样度、均匀度和丰富度低,优势度大,反映出浮游动物群落结构不够稳定.采用逐步回归分析得知,影响本区春季浮游动物生态特征值分布的主要因子是水温、硅藻和甲藻.  相似文献   

17.
The movements of 24 hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts, with miniature acoustic transmitters (pingers) implanted surgically, were determined after release in the coastal waters of Passamaquoddy Bay (mean tide range 6 m), New Brunswick, Canada, to describe the first stages of seaward migration. Automated pinger detection at fixed sites, and pinger location and tracking by boat were used. Post-smolts left the release area rapidly, and the majority moved to open waters of the bay within several tidal cycles. Initially, post-smolts moved with a seaward orientation on ebb tides and held positions on flood tides. Their movements into open waters were diurnal, and the timing corresponded with the state of the tide during which they moved through a narrow channel. Post-smolts moved preferentially through this passageway with the aid of the tidal stream. Successful movements out through the channel occurred during ebb tides and any movements back in were during flood tides. Ground speed of fish moving through the channel was 4·2 body lengths s−1 and faster than the tidal stream velocities in the channel. The relative velocity of fish swimming through the channel was 2 body lengths s−1. Post-smolt movement was indicative of active, directed swimming with a reliance on ebb-tide transport for migration through a coastal area with strong tidal currents. Some post-smolts moved seaward directly with no apparent period of acclimation for the transfer to the marine environment, whereas others delayed their departure. These differences in behaviour were probably related to asynchrony in smolting when fish were released.  相似文献   

18.
The vertical and transverse distributions of spring-spawned larval herring were studied in the River Blackwater estuary, Essex. Sampling was undertaken during May when larval densities within the estuary were at a maximum for the year. At this time, larval lengths were in the range 7–16 mm. No clear diel pattern in the vertical distribution was found, although larval distribution at night was more even.
The tides were found to influence the vertical distribution. Surface waters (< 1.5 m in depth) were avoided during both flood and ebb tides, but used during slack water. Larval densities at ebb were higher near the sea bed than during the flood tide. It was concluded that this behaviour will tend to transport larvae into and retain them within the estuary.  相似文献   

19.
Mixing patterns in Amazon lakes   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
The diel mixing patterns of two small floodplain lakes, Lago Jacaretinga in the Amazon drainage, and Lago Cristalino in the Rio Negro system, were investigated during both the high-water and low-water states of the Amazon River hydrograph. Measurements included temperature, oxygen, ammonia, phosphate, and chlorophyll. In both lakes thermal stratification developed during the day and was eroded at night. During the low-water period when the lakes were shallow, nocturnal circulation extended to the lake bottom, whereas when the lakes were deeper (greater than about 5 m), circulation did not reach the bottom and an anoxic hypolimnion developed. During the low-water period, percent of oxygen concentrations were relatively high but always less than saturation. Low oxygen concentrations were observed during the high-water period. At all times nocturnal mixing supplied a significant amount of oxygen to the lake ecosystems. Nighttime upward mixing of recycled nitrogen and phosphorus also appeared to be important nutrient sources for algal productivity.  相似文献   

20.
根据2015—2016年在福建北部近海水域(120.10°E—120.65°E, 26.35°N—27.07°N)夏、秋、冬、春4个季节的海洋生态调查资料, 探讨了该水域浮游动物的数量分布、季节变化及其与水团变化的关系。结果表明, 调查水域浮游动物的平均生物量依次是: 夏季(479.51 mg/m3)>秋季(257.37 mg/m3)>春季(241.86 mg/m3)>冬季(84.05 mg/m3), 平均丰度依次是: 夏季(156.36 ind./m3)>春季(91.57 ind./m3)>秋季(40.34 ind./m3)>冬季(21.82 ind./m3), 生物量和丰度均值都呈现出夏季、秋季到冬季依次减少, 春季增多的趋势, 不同的是秋季生物量均值高于春季, 而丰度均值低于春季。在夏、冬和春三季, 浮游动物的总生物量和总丰度的分布总体较为一致; 而在秋季, 浮游动物的总生物量和总丰度的分布几乎相反。百陶箭虫(Sagitta bedoti)和微剌哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)是影响夏季总丰度分布最主要的种类; 链钟水母(Desmophyes annectens)是影响秋季总丰度分布最主要的种类; 驼背隆哲水蚤(Acrocalanus gibber)、亚强真哲水蚤(Eucalanus subcrassus)和百陶箭虫对冬季总丰度的分布起到了重要影响; 五角水母(Muggiaea atlantica)和微剌哲水蚤是春季占总丰度比例较高的种类。浮游动物数量各季不同分布模式的根本原因是台湾暖流和浙闽沿岸流水团的季节性变化所致。研究结果不仅对了解与评价区域海洋生态系统动态和生物多样性变化具有重要的理论意义, 而且还可以丰富我国近海水域浮游动物的生态特征与水团变化之间的关系。  相似文献   

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