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1.
养殖密度对史氏鲟消化率、摄食率和生长的影响   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
以体重(43.90±1.75)g史氏鲟为研究对象,研究了0.525、1.171和2.138 kg·m-2 3种养殖密度对史氏鲟幼鱼生长、摄食率和消化率的影响,实验时间为60 d.结果表明,养殖密度对史氏鲟的生长、摄食率和消化率具有显著影响.高养殖密度不利于史氏鲟的生长,低密度组中史氏鲟的特定生长率和日增重显著高于高密度组,食物转化率显著低于高密度组;特定生长率和日增重随养殖密度的降低而显著增高.低密度组、中密度组中史氏鲟的消化率无显著差异,但均显著高于高密度组.中密度组摄食率显著低于高密度组和低密度组,低密度组摄食率介于两者之间;食物转化率和消化率呈显著负相关,特定生长率与消化率呈显著正相关.  相似文献   

2.
通过 4周的生长实验 ,研究了Ⅰ龄暗纹东方 (82 35± 2 97g)在不同盐度预处理后的摄食、生长和饲料利用情况。结果显示 :35‰的预处理盐度对暗纹东方的生长有抑制作用 ,当这种盐度胁迫解除后 ,暗纹东方的生长表现出明显的补偿现象。本实验中摄食率随前处理盐度的升高而增加 ,变化范围为 1 83%— 2 5 1% ,特定生长率亦随前处理盐度增加而增加 ,即由 0 83%增加到 1 2 8% ,饵料系数则随前期盐度实验中盐度的增加而降低 ,由 1 6 7降至 1 4 7。在盐度预处理实验及淡化养殖条件下的特定生长率除 8‰外有显著差异。  相似文献   

3.
南方鲇的营养学研究:饲料中大豆蛋白水平对生长的影响   总被引:23,自引:4,他引:19  
以初始体重为 2 3 .78± 0 .0 9g的南方鲇幼鱼为实验对象 ,在室内循环水养殖系统中进行为期 6周的生长实验。以大豆蛋白分别替代 0 %、1 3 %、2 6 %、3 9%、5 2 %和 6 5 %的鱼粉蛋白 ,配制成 6种等氮 (粗蛋白为 48%)、等能 (总能 2 0 KJ/ g)的饲料 ,用于探讨饲料中鱼粉蛋白与大豆蛋白的不同比例对南方鲇生长及饲料转化率的影响。实验在 2 7.5± 0 .2℃水温条件下进行 ,溶氧维持在 5 mg/ L以上 ,光照周期为 1 4L:1 0 D。实验结果表明 ,当大豆蛋白分别替代1 3 %、2 6 %和 3 9%的鱼粉蛋白时 ,3组之间的特定生长率 (SGR)的差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,但均显著高于 5 2 %和 6 5 %替代水平 (P<0 .0 5 )。其中 1 3 %和 2 6 %的替代水平的特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;3 9%替代水平的特定生长率 (SGR)与对照组之间差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;而 5 2 %和 6 5 %替代水平的特定生长率 (SGR)则显著低于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。饲料转化率 (FCE)、蛋白质效率 (PER)和蛋白质累积率 (PPV)分别在各处理组之间的差异关系与特定生长率 (SGR)在各组之间的变化相类似。因此 ,本文提出南方鲇饲料中大豆蛋白替代 3 9%的鱼粉蛋白是适宜的 ,过量的添加将影响南方鲇的生长及饲料转化率。通过分析认为大豆蛋白影响南方鲇生  相似文献   

4.
为探究饲料蛋白源和养殖密度对草鱼生长以及生理健康的影响,以初始体质量为(5.36±0.18) g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)为试验对象,采用双因素正交实验,研究饲料非粮蛋白源(豆粕、乙醇梭菌蛋白、黄粉虫、棉籽浓缩蛋白和小球藻)和初始养殖密度(0.11、0.16和0.21 kg/m3;对应为20、30和40尾/网箱)及其交互作用对草鱼生长性能、体成分和血清生化指标的影响。养殖试验在池塘网箱(1.0 m×1.0 m×1.5 m)中进行,养殖周期为60d。结果表明:随着养殖密度的增加,各蛋白源组草鱼饲料系数均呈增长趋势,特定生长率、增重率和蛋白质效率和肝体比均呈降低趋势。在不同养殖密度下,黄粉虫组饲料系数均显著高于其他蛋白源组(P<0.05),特定生长率、增重率和蛋白质效率均显著低于其他蛋白源组(P<0.05)。当养殖密度为0.11和0.16 kg/m3时,试验草鱼生长性能接近,其特定生长率显著优于0.21 kg/m3密度组(P<0.05)。饲料蛋白源和养殖密度对草鱼全鱼水分和粗蛋...  相似文献   

5.
海水和淡化水养殖凡纳滨对虾饲料蛋白需求量的比较研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本研究从生长、饲料利用和体成分等指标综合评价饲料蛋白质含量对凡纳滨对虾的影响。研究发现,在海水养殖环境下,饲料蛋白水平对凡纳滨对虾的存活率、增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数、蛋白效率和虾体粗蛋白含量均有显著性影响(p0.05)。摄食饲料蛋白含量38%的海养凡纳滨对虾有较高的存活率、增重率以及最高的特定生长率。饵料系数随蛋白含量的增加而减小,虾体粗蛋白含量随饲料蛋白水平升高而增加,而蛋白含量38%和41%实验组饵料系数和虾体粗蛋白含量均没有显著性差异(p0.05)。淡化水养殖条件下,凡纳滨对虾的存活率随饲料蛋白水平的增加而提高,而增重率和特定生长率均在饲料蛋白含量35%实验组最高,饵料系数随蛋白含量的增加先减小后增大,蛋白含量35%实验组饵料系数显著小于其他实验组。海水养殖条件下,凡纳滨对虾的存活率、末体重、增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均高于淡水养殖的对虾。对虾虾体粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均随盐度升高而升高,而虾体水分随着盐度的升高而降低。  相似文献   

6.
通过分析不同圈养密度的大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长及其相关健康指标, 探讨大口黑鲈适宜圈养密度。试验大口黑鲈初始体重为(9.71±3.75) g, 设置低密度组(LSD; 1000尾/圈, 50尾/m3)、中密度组(MSD; 2000尾/圈, 100尾/m3)和高密度组(HSD; 4000尾/圈, 200尾/m3)3个养殖密度组, 每个密度组3个重复, 养殖周期为2019年5月17日至11月16日, 为期180d。结果表明, 0—30d阶段, HSD组平均体重(W)和特定生长率(SGR)显著高于LSD、MSD组(P<0.05), 30—180d阶段, 平均体重(W)和特定生长率(SGR)随密度升高呈降低趋势。在养殖结束时, HSD组的甘油三酯(TG)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、葡萄糖(GLU)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)显著升高(P<0.05); HSD组的总抗氧化力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著降低(P<0.05), 而丙二醛(MDA)浓度显著升高(P<0.05)。以上结果表明养殖前30d, 高密度(4000尾/圈, 200尾/m3)对生长有利; 但随养殖时间延长, 高密度对生长及有关生理指标和抗氧化性能产生一定的负面影响。大口黑鲈早期阶段(9.7—40 g/尾)圈养密度宜为4000尾/圈(200尾/m3); 鱼体重达到40 g后, 圈养密度宜为2000—3000尾/圈(100—150尾/m3)。  相似文献   

7.
日粮水平对中华鳖稚鳖生长的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
于2001年12月购买当年繁殖的中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)稚鳖(28.66-53.37g),在30℃水温下进行摄食-生长实验(实验时间为56d),设饥饿、1%、2%、4%和饱食5个日粮水平,研究了摄食水平对中华鳖稚鳖生长和转化效率的影响。方差分析表明:摄食水平对中华鳖稚鳖的特定生长率和转化效率均有显著影响。稚鳖的湿重、干重、蛋白质和能量的特定生长率均随摄食水平的增加呈二次曲线增加,摄食率(RL)-干物质特定生长率(SGRd)的关系模型可表示为:SGRa=-0.0832RL^2 1.0795RL-1.8779(n=25,r^2=0.906.F=105.46);当摄食率为6.97%、6.49%、6.08%和6.34%时,稚鳖湿重、干重、蛋白质和能量的特定生长率分别达到最大值。1%组的各项转化效率均显著低于2%和4%组,干重和能量转化效率显著低于饱食组;2%组的干重和能量转化效率显著高于4%和饱食组。  相似文献   

8.
崔慎坤  常亚青  宋坚  程龙 《生态学杂志》2013,32(7):1819-1824
将6个刺参幼参全同胞家系置于E1(高密度,自然光周期)、E2(低密度,全黑暗)和E3(低密度,自然光周期)3种不同环境下养殖60 d,通过建立模型分析环境、基因型及环境与基因型互作对刺参幼参成活率、生长性状的特定生长率和变异系数的影响.结果表明:环境、基因型及其互作对刺参幼参成活率无显著性影响(P>0.05);环境对刺参幼参体长和体重的特定生长率有极显著性影响(P<0.01),对其变异系数无显著性影响;基因型对刺参幼参体长和体重的特定生长率、体长变异系数有极显著性影响,对刺参幼参体重变异系数有显著性影响(P<0.05);基因型与环境互作对刺参幼参体长和体重的特定生长率、变异系数均无显著性影响,因此实验室育种过程中可忽略家系与环境(光周期和密度)互作的影响;E3环境下有利于刺参幼参的生长,其体长和体重的平均特定生长率可达0.03%和1.58%.本研究为刺参家系育种和建立刺参健康养殖模式提供理论依据.  相似文献   

9.
草型湖泊河蟹养殖容量初探   总被引:16,自引:3,他引:13  
在移栽有沉水植物的网箱和水泥池 ,放养不同规格和密度的河蟹 ,以定量研究河蟹对沉水植物的影响 ,进而探讨草型湖泊河蟹的养殖容量。草型湖泊对河蟹的养殖容量 (或负荷力 )可以定义为对水生植被的生长没有显著影响时的最大的河蟹现存量。通过河蟹放养密度与沉水植物相对生长率的分析 ,获得了不同规格河蟹的养殖容量。当年幼蟹规格较小 (壳宽 18 0± 1 2mm) ,其养殖容量为 2 3ind·m-2 ;二龄幼蟹 (35 0± 3 6mmCW )的养殖容量是0 9ind·m-2 ;较大规格河蟹 (6 0 0± 5 7mmCW)的养殖容量是 0 0 83ind·m-2 。进一步分析得知 ,在草型湖泊中河蟹对沉水植物生长不构成显著影响的最大产量密度为 2 9 2 5kg·hm-2 。  相似文献   

10.
在 30℃水温下进行摄食 -生长实验 (实验周期为 5 6d) ,设饥饿、1%、2 %、4 %和饱食 5个摄食水平 ,研究了中华鳖稚鳖 (39 5 4— 4 4 2 2g)的生长和能量收支。结果表明 ,中华鳖稚鳖的特定生长率随摄食水平的增加 ,其湿重、干物质、蛋白质和能量的特定生长率均呈二次曲线增加 ,其中干物质的特定生长率 (SGRdr)与摄食率 (Rl)的关系式为 :SGRdr=- 1 8799 1 0 795Rl- 0 0 832Rl2 (r=0 90 6 ,n =2 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;除干物质转化效率外 ,湿重、蛋白质和能量的转化效率在 2 %组均达到最大 ,分别为 36 31%、2 1 4 7%和 2 8 10 % ;除能量转化效率外 ,4 %组湿重、干物质和蛋白质的转化效率与最大值均无显著差异 ;摄食水平对中华鳖稚鳖总氮排泄率、氨氮排泄率、尿素氮排泄率以及氨氮占总氮排泄率的比例均有显著影响 (P <0 0 1) ,除氨氮占总氮比例外其他指标均随摄食水平的增加而增加 ,氨氮比例在饥饿组最高为 5 5 83% ,由饥饿到饱食其变化范围是 4 4 5 0 %— 5 5 83% ;总氮排泄率、氨态氮排泄率和尿素氮排泄率的变动范围分别是 19 81%— 6 5 87%、9 4 4 %— 36 31%和 8 2 4 %— 2 9 5 6 % ,回归分析表明 ,幼鳖的总氮排泄率 (μmol/g·d) (G N)、氨氮排泄率 (μmol/g·d) (NH3 N)及尿素氮排泄率 (μmol/g·  相似文献   

11.
In this experiment the effects of stocking density on growth and survival of juvenile Brachymystax lenok were studied. Experimental fishes were reared at different stocking densities (5, 25, 50 and 75 fish L?1) for 40 days at ambient temperatures (11.2–16.4°C). During the experiment, dissolved oxygen (DO) was above 5.4 mg L?1 and other major environmental factors were controlled at the same levels in each aquarium (DO 5.4–7.2 mg L?1, pH 6.6–7.4, and flow‐through rates 0.3–0.4 L s?1). Mortality data in each group was recorded daily and random samples of 30 juveniles were measured and weighed every 10 days. All statistical analyses were performed by anova . The survival rate was found to be significantly affected by stocking density, but not the condition factor (CF), specific growth rate (SGR) or coefficients of variation (CV).The results demonstrate that lenok juveniles can be reared at higher stocking densities, which can increase survival under intensive conditions.  相似文献   

12.
13.
The growth performance of juvenile sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzenburg, 1833) was studied in experimental net cages (2 m × 2 m × 2 m) in freshwater Sapanca Lake. Fertilized eggs were imported from Krasnodar, Russia in January 2001. Two experimental stocking densities were employed (12 and 8 ind. m−3). Sturgeon were hand‐fed a pelleted commercial trout feed twice daily throughout the 203‐day experiment period. Fish were grown at ambient temperature (12.7–28.5°C) and natural photoperiod. Initial and final mean body weights were 279.5 g (±31.27) and 1112.8 g (±234.77) in the first group, and 271.1 g (±28.21) and 1140.5 g (±213.31) in the second group, respectively. Results were a fourfold biomass density increase in both trials from an initial 3.48 to 12.4 kg m−3 (high density) and 2.2 to 8.8 kg m−3 (low density). Mean specific growth rate (SGR) was determined as 2.69% day−1 in both groups. Mean condition factor (CF) at the end of the experiment was 0.36 ± 0.05 in the high‐density group and 0.41 ± 0.05 in the low‐density group. Mean feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated to be 5.7 and 5.8, respectively. Survival was 92.7% in the first group (high density) and 96.1% in the second group (low density). The results demonstrated that sturgeon juveniles can be raised in cages and that growth performance (CF, SGR and FCR) and mortality of sturgeon were not significantly different at the two stocking densities (P > 0.05) tested.  相似文献   

14.
The aim of this study was to determine to what extent juvenile Japanese flounder can adapt to different stocking densities in captivity and to examine whether growth and some physiological parameters critical for welfare might be affected by different dissolved oxygen levels. Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) juveniles (initial weight 1.27 ± 0.04 g/fish) were reared at five stocking densities (500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 2,500 ind/m3) and two levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (5.5 ± 0.5 mg/L or 14 ± 2 mg/L) with duplicate tanks for each treatment in water‐recirculating systems for 40 days. Survival and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were not affected either by stocking density or dissolved oxygen, whereas final body weight, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of fish under low DO concentration decreased significantly with increasing stocking density. In contrast, growth of fish reared in high DO levels were unaffected by the stocking density. Furthermore, fish in this group had a higher feed intake and, consequently, grew faster (SGR) and achieved a higher final weight than fish reared at the low DO level. A significant reduction in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and red blood cell (RBC) count of fish were recorded as DO concentration increased. Furthermore, the activity of protease decreased significantly with increasing stocking density and increased significantly with increasing DO concentration. The ventilation frequency results indicate that gill ventilation decreased significantly as DO levels increased. This study demonstrates that stocking density can affect the growth performance and physiological parameters critical for welfare of juvenile Japanese flounder. Also shown is that pure oxygen supplementation is an effective way to improve the growth of juvenile Japanese flounder when reared at a high stocking density.  相似文献   

15.
为探讨池塘内循环流水养殖(In-pond Raceway Aquaculture, IPRA)太湖鲂鲌幼鱼的合理放养密度,以初始体重为(5.58±0.45) g的太湖鲂鲌幼鱼为研究对象,设置3个放养密度:0.5 (SD1)、1.0 (SD2)、1.5 kg/m3 (SD3),在养殖第90、第120、第150、第180天采样,对其生长性能、血清和肝脏抗氧化酶活力进行分析,实验结束后分析肠道微生物群落组成。生长结果表明:养殖120d,当放养密度超过1.0 kg/m3时,太湖鲂鲌幼鱼的体重和特定生长率(SGR)显著降低(P<0.05),养殖150—180d,体重和SGR随着放养密度的升高显著降低(P<0.05)。血清抗氧化酶结果表明:养殖90d,太湖鲂鲌血清抗氧化酶的活力随着放养密度的升高而增加, SD3组显著高于SD1组(P<0.05)。养殖150—180d,血清抗氧化酶的活力随着放养密度的升高而降低,养殖180d, SD3组抗氧化酶的活力显著低于SD1组(P<0.05)。肝脏抗氧化酶结果表明:养殖150—180d,肝脏中...  相似文献   

16.
采用形态学和多变量形态度量方法, 对西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)、施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)及其杂交种(西伯利亚鲟♀×施氏鲟♂)的形态异同进行了分析, 以鉴别区分三者的形态特征。结果发现, 西伯利亚鲟、施氏鲟及其杂交种的可数性状中鳃耙数和背鳍数均具有显著差异; 可量性状的多重比较分析显示杂交种的眼间距/全长显著小于西伯利亚鲟和施氏鲟, 三者的吻长/全长均具有显著差异; 主成分分析提取的前三个主成分对变异的累积贡献率为65.68%; 判别分析构建了西伯利亚鲟、施氏鲟及其杂交种的判别公式, 判别公式预测分类总体准确率为85.6%。分析结果表明, 西伯利亚鲟、施氏鲟及其杂交种间的形态差异主要体现在头部及尾柄。  相似文献   

17.
Different stocking densities were investigated in larviculture and feeding of Lophiosilurus alexandri, as well as analyses of the effects on juveniles of two size‐classes and two different commercial formulated diets. The first experiment was two‐phased: (a) larvae stocked at densities of 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 larvae L−1 fed with Artemia nauplii and reared for 15 days; (b) in phase 2, densities of 5, 10, 15, 30, and 40 juveniles L−1 were evaluated during feed training (20 days). Mean water temperature in both phases was 28°C. In the first phase of experiment 1, the different stocking densities did not affect fish growth or survival. In phase 2, growth was similar in all densities; however, survival was lower at higher densities. The increased density provided a rise in biomass and number of individuals produced in both phases. In the second experiment, two size‐classes of feed‐trained juveniles (30.22 ± 1.84 and 34.66 ± 2.41 mm) were given pellets of two different diameters (1.2 and 2.6 mm) for 20 days. The largest juveniles fed the 1.2 mm inert diet had higher final weights and lengths. Larviculture and feed training of L. alexandri can thus be performed successfully at high stocking densities of 300 larvae L−1 during the first 15 days of feeding, and at densities of up to 40 juveniles L−1 during the 20 days of feed training, respectively.  相似文献   

18.
This study was aimed at evaluating the physiological and metabolic responses of juvenile hybrid grouper ♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ Epinephelus lanceolatus to stocking density. Hybrid grouper juveniles (mean ± SE = 25.43 ± 2.36 g live mass) were stocked for 22 weeks in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) under four different densities: low stocking density (LD; 1.03 kg m−3), medium stocking density (MD; 2.06 kg m−3), high stocking density (HD; 3.09 kg m−3) and extra-high stocking density (EHD; 4.11 kg m−3). Biometric variables were recorded and plasma, liver, intestine and stomach samples were taken for biochemical analysis at the end of the experimental period. Final stocking densities were 6.27, 16.04, 23.77 and 28.32 kg m−3, respectively, with significant differences in growth performance. Our results showed that the best growth rates and feed utilisation occurred in the MD group. Higher plasma cortisol and glucose levels and lower triglyceride levels reflected the stress responses in the EHD group. Moreover, the activity of aspartate and alanine transaminases was elevated in the HD and EHD groups due to enhanced gluconeogenesis. The activity of the digestive enzyme pepsin significantly increased in the MD group. We found that 2.06–3.09 kg m−3 is the most suitable starting density for culturing juvenile hybrid grouper in recirculating aquaculture systems.  相似文献   

19.
Experiments were carried out between 1999 and 2001 on pikeperch fingerlings using two feeds at four stocking densities to evaluate the success of training 35‐day‐old pond‐reared pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca L., to lifeless feed in intensive culture. Training periods of 28 days for each of three cohorts (1999–2001) were applied to introduce pikeperch from zooplankton to minced feed. In a preliminary study (1999), two feeds (live prey and minced fish meat) were compared at two stocking densities. Two higher densities were investigated in 2000 and 2001 and matched with the minced fish diet. Different feeds had significant effects on feed consumption and, as a consequence, on body weight gain; fish fed live prey showed highest growth rates. Unexpectedly, the stocking density had no significant effect on growth, and at the highest density there was a significantly betterfeed conversion rate. Stocking density and feed type significantly influenced the feeding behaviour. Three characteristic foraging techniques are described.  相似文献   

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