混合盐碱胁迫对灰绿藜(Chenopodium glaucum L.)种子萌发的影响

灰绿藜广泛分布于新疆中低度盐碱地干旱区,属藜科1年生经济盐生植物。本实验研究了混合盐碱胁迫对灰绿藜种子萌发和萌发恢复的影响。结果表明:随着盐浓度和pH值的增高,灰绿藜的种子萌发率呈下降趋势;同一盐浓度不同pH处理的灰绿藜种子萌发率随pH值的升高而减少,同样,随着盐浓度和pH值的增加,灰绿藜种子的萌发速率均为下降;从各胁迫处理的种子萌发的幼苗的生长表型来看,盐浓度和pH值是两个重要的影响因素;将未萌发的种子转移至蒸馏水中复水后,最终萌发率达到90%以上,说明一定程度的混合盐碱胁迫对灰绿藜种子的萌发潜力没有太大的影响,并且萌发恢复率随着盐浓度的增加而增加;盐浓度、pH值及其相互作用对灰绿藜种子萌发有抑制作用;盐浓度是决定性的主导因素,pH值对灰绿藜种子萌发的影响次之;综上,混合盐碱胁迫对灰绿藜的种子萌发和萌发生长的表型均有明显的抑制作用。     

盐、碱胁迫对两种莲子萌发的影响及其早期幼苗生长响应

湿地景观建设是盐碱地治理和利用的一个重要方面,为此以北方红莲(Nelumbo nucifera“North Red Lotus”)和湘莲36(Nelumbo nucifera“Xiang Lotus”)为实验材料,研究NaCl、NaHCO₃作为盐和碱胁迫(浓度0、15、30、60、90、120 mmol·L^-1)对两种莲子萌发及早期幼苗生长的影响,实验周期为13 d。通过对种子萌发率、萌发势、苗长、生物量及幼苗活力等指标,进一步分析两种莲子对盐和碱胁迫的萌发和生长响应。研究结果表明,盐碱胁迫对两种莲子的萌发和幼苗生长的影响显著不同:(1)北方红莲在不同浓度的盐和碱胁迫下,维持较高的萌发率和萌发势,当浓度为120 mmol·L^-1时碱胁迫显著高于盐胁迫。幼苗生长及活力随着浓度增加而显著降低,浓度超过15 mmol·L^-1碱胁迫的影响显著高于盐胁迫。(2)与对照相比,盐碱胁迫大于等于90 mmol·L^-1时,湘莲的萌发率显著下降,且碱胁迫高于盐胁迫。幼苗生长及活力随浓度增加而显著降...     

曼陀罗叶水浸液对大豆幼根生长及细胞分裂的影响

以曼陀罗叶干粉为供体,大豆种子为受体,用室内培养皿法研究了曼陀罗叶水浸液化感胁迫对大豆种子萌发、幼根生长、根毛发育和根尖细胞分裂的影响。结果表明:各试验浓度的曼陀罗叶干粉水浸提液均抑制了大豆种子的萌发以及幼根和侧根的生长,且幼根生长随胁迫浓度的增加呈现逐渐缩短变粗变褐的趋势;化感胁迫还使根尖分生区细胞的染色体畸变和微核高频率发生。根毛发生和根尖细胞的分裂对化感胁迫都表现出"低促高抑"的响应,即轻度胁迫能显著促进根毛的生长并提高根尖细胞的分裂指数,而高度胁迫对根毛的生长有极显著的抑制作用,且使根尖细胞的分裂指数显著下降。     

混合盐碱胁迫对芹菜种子萌发的影响

NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3和Na2CO3按不同比例混合,模拟盐度和pH变化规律与天然盐碱地相似的15种盐碱条件,探讨混合盐碱胁迫对芹菜(Apium graveolens)种子萌发的影响.结果表明:芹菜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均随盐浓度的升高,pH的增大呈下降趋势.芹菜种子的萌发主要受盐浓度的影响,不同盐浓度间的影响差异大;当盐浓度为200 mmol/L时,基本不萌发.     

桔梗种子萌发对低温、干旱及互作胁迫的响应

以药用植物桔梗种子为材料,研究了低温、干旱及其互作对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,旨在探索在春寒干旱条件下其种子萌发对策及生态适应性,为桔梗野生种群恢复及人工栽培群体构建提供依据.结果表明,温度、干旱及其互作对桔梗种子萌发和幼苗生长均有显著影响.0-10％ PEG水分条件下,在变温10/20℃及恒温15-25℃下桔梗种子能够良好萌发(10％ PEG、20℃除外),而15％ PEG可显著抑制萌发.低温(10℃)下种子萌发始时间延迟,发芽率降低.随干旱胁迫程度的增加,10℃发芽率呈先升后降趋势,而其它温度下,发芽率和发芽指数均呈下降趋势.随温度的降低,幼苗根长、茎长及鲜重均呈下降趋势,且幼根生长对温度变化更为敏感.     

混合盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦的种子萌发和幼苗逆境生理特征

为了解裸燕麦新品种‘定莜6号’对混合盐碱胁迫的生理响应,根据种植区土壤盐分的组成,采用砂培法研究了不同浓度混合盐碱处理对种子萌发和幼苗逆境生理特征的影响。结果表明,随着处理浓度增大,裸燕麦种子萌发率、萌发指数、活力指数及幼苗含水量和生物量明显下降,叶片超氧阴离子、过氧化氢和丙二醛含量及质膜相对透性显著增大;Na~+含量增加,K~+含量和K~+/Na~+降低,质膜H~+-ATP酶、过氧化物酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性和可溶性蛋白质含量先升后降,超氧化物歧化酶活性及谷胱甘肽、有机酸和脯氨酸含量升高,过氧化氢酶活性和抗坏血酸含量降低,游离氨基酸含量先降后升,可溶性糖含量呈升—降—升趋势变化。表明盐碱胁迫下活性氧代谢失调和Na~+、K~+平衡破坏是裸燕麦生长受抑的重要原因,有机酸和脯氨酸可能是裸燕麦适应盐碱的主要渗透调节物质。     

入侵植物牛膝菊种子萌发对PEG模拟干旱胁迫的响应

采用浓度分别为5%、10%、15%、20%和25%的PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱条件,测定不同干旱胁迫条件下牛膝菊的种子萌发时间、萌发率、日相对萌发率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数及幼苗的初生根与胚芽的长度等指标,研究了干旱胁迫对牛膝菊种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,探讨了经PEG浸种预处理后种子的萌发恢复能力。结果表明:随着水分胁迫的加重,牛膝菊种子萌发和幼苗生长受到抑制程度增加,牛膝菊种子的日相对萌发率、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数、活力指数及幼苗的初生根长和胚芽长均呈下降趋势;与对照组相比,牛膝菊种子首次萌发时间延迟越长,当PEG浓度为20%、25%时牛膝菊种子未见萌发;本研究建立了水分胁迫PEG浓度与种子萌发率的线性回归方程,得出牛膝菊种子萌发的PEG浓度临界值为12.9%;经PEG浓度为20%、25%处理的种子在适宜条件下可以恢复萌发,浸种时间相同条件下,20%PEG浓度对牛膝菊种子伤害较小,其恢复性较强,25%PEG浓度对牛膝菊种子伤害较大,其恢复性较弱。     

干旱胁迫对鹿角杜鹃种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响

为探明鹿角杜鹃种子萌发和幼苗生长期的耐旱性,以鹿角杜鹃干种子和90d苗龄幼苗为材料,采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟不同程度的干旱胁迫,研究干旱胁迫对其种子萌发、早期幼苗生长及幼苗的细胞膜透性、MDA含量、有机渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性的影响,并对种子萌发率、早期幼苗生长量与PEG胁迫浓度间进行了回归分析。结果表明:(1)5%~25%PEG胁迫范围内,随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,鹿角杜鹃种子的发芽启动时间推迟,发芽持续时间延长,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗生长量显著降低;重度干旱胁迫(25%PEG)下,鹿角杜鹃种子完全未萌发。(2)发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数以及幼苗生长量的变化均与干旱胁迫程度呈极显著负相关关系,回归分析求得鹿角杜鹃种子萌发的半致死PEG干旱胁迫浓度为15.68%、半致矮PEG干旱胁迫浓度为15.37%。(3)随着PEG胁迫浓度的增加,鹿角杜鹃幼苗叶片SOD活性呈先升后降的趋势,但各胁迫处理仍显著高于CK(0%PEG);细胞膜透性、MDA、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量、POD和CAT活性则在中度(15%~20%PEG)和重度胁迫下显著升高,与干旱胁迫程度呈极显著正相关关系。研究表明,干旱胁迫显著抑制了鹿角杜鹃种子萌发和早期幼苗生长,使其细胞膜受到损伤,同时鹿角杜鹃可通过体内渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性的增加来适应干旱环境,使得自身受抑制、损伤程度降到最低。     

云锦杜鹃种子萌发及对干旱胁迫的响应

以不同渗透势的PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫条件, 研究云锦杜鹃种子的萌发、幼苗生长和累积吸水率对干旱胁迫的响应。结果显示：种子于第14 d开始萌发,萌发期为8 d,总萌发率为45.5%±1.7%。在渗透势为-0.3～-0.6 MPa的溶液中, 种子的累计吸水率在第5 d就超过对照(蒸馏水中), 种子的萌发和幼苗的生长也优于对照, 说明云锦杜鹃种子不适合过于湿润的土壤环境中萌发。但溶液的渗透势≥-0.9 MPa时, 种子的吸水减缓、萌发率下降, 同时幼苗的生长也慢, 而当渗透势≥-1.8 MPa时, 种子不能充分吸涨、萌发, 说明云锦杜鹃种子对干旱胁迫比较敏感。另外, 经PEG溶液浸种2天后移入蒸馏水中,萌发率均有一定程度的提高, 其中经-0.3～-1.5 MPa的PEG溶液浸种后, 萌发率显著高于对照。提示用一定浓度范围的PEG溶液浸种可使休眠种子活化, 提高种子繁育的效率。     

磷、铜及其相互作用对三叶草种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

通过水培实验研究了施加P对Cu2 胁迫下三叶草种子萌发活力、幼苗生物量、光合色素含量以及电导率的影响.重金属Cu2 (0～20mg·L-1)显著抑制了三叶草种子萌发和幼苗生长.但当施加0.06%的P后,明显提高了cu2 胁迫下的三叶草种子萌发率,促进了幼苗的生长,生物量、光合色素含量显著增加,同时幼苗叶片细胞膜透性极显著下降.可见,外施一定量P能缓解过量Cu2 对三叶草的毒害.     

壳聚糖包衣对油菜种子萌发及幼苗耐盐性影响

以不同浓度的壳聚糖对油菜种子进行包衣处理,考察其对油菜种子萌发及幼苗耐盐性的影响,并在不同盐浓度胁迫条件下对种子萌发时的发芽势、发芽率、生物量（鲜重、干重、根长、芽长）等指标进行测定,同时分析油菜幼苗叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明,一定浓度的壳聚糖包衣处理可提高油菜种子发芽率、发芽势、生物量、幼苗的耐盐指数、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖的含量,其中浓度为0.25 g·L^-1壳聚糖包衣处理对油菜种子萌发的促进效果较好,而浓度为0.50 g·L^-1壳聚糖包衣处理对提高油菜幼苗耐盐性具有较好的促进作用。     

Influence of gibberellic acid and different salt concentrations on germination percentage and physiological parameters of oat cultivars

Gibberellic acid (GA₃) is one of the plant growth regulators which improve salt tolerance and mitigate the salt stress impact on plants. The extant analysis was carried out to study the effect of GA₃ and different salt concentrations on seed germination and physiological parameters of oat cultivars. Oats is substantially less tolerant to salt than wheat and barley. Experimentation was conducted as factorial with Completely Randomized Block Design with three replicates. Different concentration of NaCl salt ((25, 50, 75 and 100 mM) were used in test control group and 100 and 150 ppm of GA₃ were used in two group by pre-treated (after 24 h of the seed soaking) and plants were analyzed on 15th day. Results indicate that increasing salinity would decrease the germination percentage and growth parameter in three oat cultivars. Quotes data indicating a 13%, 19.9% and 32.48% in cultivars NDO-2, UPO-212 and UPO-94 germination reduction when soil salinity reaches 50 mM. A 36.02%, 47.33% and 56.365 reduction in germination is likely when soil salinity reaches 100 mM respectively same cultivars. Seeds treated with GA₃ significantly promoted the percentage of germination, shoot and root length, total fresh and dry weight of seedling, tissue water content and seedling vigor index by NDO-2 and UPO-212 under different saline concentration. The maximum average of germination and growth parameters were observed from 150 ppm GA₃ treated seeds. But this concentration was significantly inhibited root length in sensitive cultivar UPO-94 at 75 and 100 mM salt as compared to 100 ppm. We observed that, the high concentration of GA₃ was not suitable for sensitive oat cultivars. Because the plant root are the real workforce behind any plants success. Thus, it may be concluding that, GA₃ treatment could curtail the toxic effect of salinity by increasing germination percentage and shoot and root length, total fresh and dry weight, tissue water content and seedling vigor index in tolerant cultivar.     

人工海水胁迫下小麦芽期和苗期的耐盐性鉴定方法

本文采用不同浓度人工海水分别在小麦芽期和苗期进行胁迫处理,筛选不同时期、不同耐盐指标的适合处理浓度,并利用模糊数学隶属函数法计算各指标的隶属值,通过比较芽期、苗期各指标隶属值总平均值的大小来确定小麦品种耐盐性的强弱。建立了65%人工海水相对发芽率与40%人工海水相对芽长两指标相结合的小麦芽期耐盐性鉴定方法;以及在40%人工海水处理下综合株高增长量、根长增长量、地上部干重与地下部干重4个指标相对值的小麦苗期耐盐性鉴定方法。运用这两个鉴定方法可以有效地区分16个小麦品种在人工海水胁迫下的耐盐性差异。     

Germination profiling of lentil genotypes subjected to salinity stress

• Salinity is one of the most severe environmental stresses, negatively affecting productivity of salt‐sensitive crop species. Given that germination is the most critical phase in the plant life cycle, the present study aimed to determine seed germination potential and associated traits under salt stress conditions as a simple approach to identify salt‐tolerant lentil genotypes.
• The genetic material consisted of six lentil genotypes whose adaptation to various agroclimatic conditions is not well elucidated. Salinity stress was applied by addition of NaCl at three different levels of stress, while non‐stressed plants were included as controls. Evaluation of tolerance was performed on the basis of germination percentage, seed water absorbance, root and shoot length, seedling water content, seedling vigour index and number of seedlings with an abnormal phenotype.
• Overall, our findings revealed that salinity stress substantially affects all traits associated with germination and early seedling growth, with the effect of salinity being dependent on the level of stress applied. It is noteworthy, however, that genotypes responded differently to the varying salinity levels. In this context, Samos proved the most salt‐tolerant genotype, indicating its possible use for cultivation under stress conditions.
• In conclusion, the determination of seed germination and early growth potential may be exploited as an efficient strategy to reveal genetic variation in lentil germplasm of unknown tolerance to salinity stress. This approach allows selection of desirable genotypes at early growth stages, thus enabling more efficient application of various breeding methods to achieve stress‐tolerant lentil genotypes.

     

Effects of seed priming with ascorbic acid to mitigate salinity stress on three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars.

In this study, the effect of seed priming using ascorbic acid (ASA) on three commercial wheat cultivars i.e., Punjab-2011, Faisalabad-2008, and Ujala-2016 under salinity stress in both homogenous and heterogeneous environments has been investigated. It revealed that different levels of salinity have significantly reduced the growth attributes like percent germination, germination index, radical & plumule length, seed vigor index (In-vitro), seedling length, fresh & dry weight, and total chlorophyll content (In-vivo) with subsequent treatments. Salinity stress was induced by using NaCl in three different concentrations (100, 150, and 200 mM). Seeds of the three cultivars primed with 50, 100, and 150 mg/L ascorbic-acids have not only improved percent germination but also considerably reduced germination time and increased germination index (GI) indicating the potential for tolerating saline conditions. Seedling growth (seedling length, Fresh weight, and dry weight) of seeds primed with 50, 100, and 150 mg/L (ASA) was significantly higher than other non-primed seeds under the prevailing saline conditions. Hormonal priming with different concentrations of ascorbic acid was effective, nevertheless, the best results were obtained with 100 and 150 mg/L (ASA) concentrations. We concluded that the delay in germination and seedling growth was mainly due to excessive Na⁺ accumulation in the seeds of wheat cultivars. On the other hand, seed priming with various concentrations of ascorbic acid has proved to be effective in inducing salt tolerance in terms of germination parameters, seedling characteristics, and chlorophyll retention in the three local commercial wheat cultivars.     

Salinity and salt composition effects on seed germination and root length of four sugar beet cultivars

Salinization is one of the most important factors affecting agricultural land in the world. Salinization occurs naturally in arid and semiarid regions where evaporation is higher than rainfall. Sugar beet yield declines with an increase in salinity, but the sensitivity to salts varies with salt composition in water and sugar beet growth stage. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of water salinity levels and salt composition on germination and seedling root length of four sugar beet cultivars (PP22, IC2, PP36, and 7233). The experiments were undertaken with irrigation water with two salt compositions (NaCl alone and mixture of MgSO₄ + NaCl + Na₂SO₄ + CaCl₂) in three replicates. Thirteen salinity levels with electrical conductivity (EC) of the irrigation water ranging from 0 to 30 dS/m were applied to each cultivar in both experiments. Seed germination percentage and seedling root length growth were determined in 13 days. Statistical analysis revealed that germination and root length were significantly affected by salt composition, cultivars and salinity levels. Regardless of salt composition, seed germination and seedling root length were significantly affected by the irrigation water with EC up to 8 dS/m and 4 dS/m, respectively. Except for cultivar PP22, the adverse effect of salinity of the irrigation water on seed germination and seedling root length was higher for NaCl alone than for the salt mixture, which refers to lower salt stress in field conditions with natural salt composition. Presented at the International Conference on Bioclimatology and Natural Hazards, Poľana nad Detvou, Slovakia, 17–20 September 2007.     

盐胁迫下不同水稻种质形态指标与耐盐性的相关分析

选用中国、韩国和国际水稻研究所(IRRI)不同耐盐能力的籼、粳、爪哇稻16份为材料进行芽期和苗期试验。随着NaCl浓度增加,种子开始发芽的时间推迟、发芽过程延长、发芽率降低;品种的发芽率能有效地指示其芽期耐盐能力。NaCl浓度对许多苗期形态指标有显影响,其中叶片盐害指数能反映品种的苗期耐盐能力;随着NaCl处理时间的增长,叶片盐害指数与NaCl浓度间的相关性越来越大。同一品种在芽期的耐盐能力和苗期表现不一致,两的相关系数很低。     

The sediment burial depth and salinity control the early developments of Suaeda salsa in the Yellow River Delta

Sediment deposition is a common phenomenon in the estuary area. Pot control experiments were conducted to evaluate the interaction effects of sediment burial depth and salt stress on the seed germination and early seedling growth of Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall., an pioneer species of tidal wetland near the Yellow River Delta. The results showed that the percentage of seedling emergence, seedling emergence rate, seedling height, branch number, shoot biomass and root biomass were all significantly affected by salt stress and sediment burial depth. While the interaction of salt and burial depth significantly influenced the branch number, leaf biomass, shoot biomass and total plant biomass. Only 5 cm burial depth without salt stress should 6.25 ± 3.61% seedlings emergence. With the increasing of sediment burial depth and salt stress, percentage of seedling emergence, seedling emergence rate and plant height decreased significantly. However, under the salt treatment of 0 and 1%, the branch number increased dramatically with the increasing of sediment burial depth from 0 to 3 cm. The ratio of leaf to total biomass increased with increasing of burial depth, on the contrary, the ratio of root to total biomass decreased. 0–1 cm sediment burial depth was proved the suitable depths for seed germination of S. salsa in the coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how to improve the seedling establishment of S. salsa under the dynamic changes of sediment deposition and salinity in the coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta.     

干旱胁迫下华北驼绒藜种子大小及苞片对萌发和幼苗生长的影响

干旱是影响荒漠区植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的关键因素。以多年生强旱生半灌木华北驼绒藜为对象,研究了不同干旱程度(0、100、200、300和400 g·L^-1 PEG6000)下,种子大小及苞片有无对种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明: 干旱胁迫显著抑制了种子萌发和幼苗地上部的生长。100和200 g·L^-1 PEG6000处理显著增加了幼苗根长,而300和400 g·L^-1 PEG6000处理显著降低了幼苗根长。与无苞片相比,有苞片使种子的发芽率显著降低12%,发芽指数显著降低50.5%,幼苗的地上部长度显著增加20.8%,幼苗根长显著增加6.3%。种子大小对种子发芽指数无显著影响,但与小种子相比,大种子发芽率显著提高3%,幼苗的地上部长度显著增加20.5%,幼苗根长显著增加33.0%。在干旱条件下,苞片能延缓种子的萌发速度,种子大小能影响后代的存活几率,二者共同影响华北驼绒藜对极端干旱环境的适应性。     

Interactive effects of salt and alkali stresses on seed germination,germination recovery,and seedling growth of a halophyte Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae)

Soil salinization and alkalinization frequently co-occur in nature, but there is little information on the interactive effects of salt and alkali stresses on plants. Seed germination and early seedling growth are crucial stages for plant establishment. We investigated the interactive effects of salt and alkali stresses on seed germination, germination recovery and seedling growth of a halophyte Spartina alterniflora. Seed germination percentage was not significantly reduced at low salinity (≤ 200 mM) at pH 6.63–9.95, but decreased with increased salinity and pH. Ungerminated seeds germinated well after transfer to distilled water from treatment solutions, indicating that seeds can remain viable in high salt–alkaline habits. Shoot growth was stimulated at low salinity and pH, but decreased with increased salinity and pH. Radicle elongation decreased sharply with increased salinity and pH, and was significantly inhibited when pH ≥ 9.0, indicating that the radicles are very sensitive to salt–alkaline stress. The deleterious effects of salinity or high pH alone were less than when combined. A reciprocal enhancement of salt and alkali stresses is a characteristic feature for salt–alkaline stress. Stepwise regression analysis indicates that salinity is the dominant factor, while pH and buffer capacity are secondary for salt–alkaline mixed stress.