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1.
氮离子注入对棉花花粉形态和生活力及育性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文分析了氮离子注入棉花花粉对其形态,生活力和育性的影响。结果表明:氮离子束对花粉壁有明显的刻蚀作用,并能促进花粉粒间的融合。离子注入导致花粉管生长受抑制;过氧化物酶同工酶活性增强,酶带数目增加;萌发率、花粉管穿过花柱到达胚珠率、结籽率和成铃率均较对照显著降低。离子注入剂量与花粉损伤程度的大小呈正相关。经20×10 ̄(15)N ̄+/cm ̄2剂量处理的花粉,其萌发率降为对照的52.3%;花粉管长度仅为对照的17.1%;而且未获得成熟的种子。文中建议棉花花粉离子束诱变的剂量范围以5×10 ̄(15)N ̄+/cm ̄2-10×10 ̄(15)N ̄+/cm ̄2为宜,并且讨论了离子注入技术在植物外源基因导入和细胞融合等方面的应用。  相似文献   

2.
福建秋茄红树林碳氢氮素的动态研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
郑文教  薛雄志  林鹏 《生态学报》1995,15(3):229-234
本文主要探讨了福建九龙江口20a生人工秋茄红树群落C、H、N素的含量、贮备及年动态。结果表明:(1)秋茄植物体不同组分C、H、N素含量有一定差异,含量范围分别为:C43.81%─51.22%、H4.50%─5.68%、N0.23%─1.80%,组分间差异程度顺序为C<H<N。原子数率为C(1)H(1.11─1.48)N(0.004─0.034)。(2)群落C、H、N素现存总库量分别为7457.53g/m ̄2、837.48g/m ̄2和73.61g/m ̄2,其中地上部分别占59.31%、58.40%和59.54%,地下部分别占40.69%、41.60%和40.46%。(3)群落年净固定C素、结合H素和吸收N素分别为1113.41g/m ̄2、124.37g/m ̄2和16.83g/m ̄2,其中用于群落自身增长而存留的分别为684.88g/m ̄2、77.15g/m ̄2和6.65g/m ̄2,经凋落物年输出的分别为428.53g/m ̄2、47.22g/m ̄2和10.18g/m ̄2。(4)群落年能量净固定量为43544kJ/m ̄2,年O_2净释放量为2969g/m ̄2。  相似文献   

3.
天然落叶松老龄林每1个种子年后第2年,林地表面即会出现大量天然幼苗100-270株·m-2.幼苗发生时间集中,绝大多数在6月底.赤杨落叶松林幼苗发生较丛桦落叶松林和杜香落叶松林的迟.幼苗死亡时期也集中,主要在幼苗发生后的15天内.其间杜香落叶松林的幼苗死亡率为48%,3年内97%;丛桦落叶松林为29%和66%;赤杨落叶松林为33%和69%.7月以后发生的幼苗存活率很低,早期发生的幼苗占优势,死亡率低.丛桦落叶松林和杜香落叶松林幼苗的早期优势显著,尤其是杜香落叶松林.幼苗存活的年际变化很大,落叶松幼苗数量丛桦落叶松林>赤杨落叶松林>杜香落叶松林.  相似文献   

4.
淀粉污水采用厌氧-接触氧化-气浮综合处理,在水温20℃、COD为9167mg/L条件下,厌氧段的容积负荷为9.2kgCOD/m^3·d,COD去除率为84.7%好氧段的容积负荷为1.9kgCOD/m^3·d,COD的去除率为64.1%,COD总去除率为94.6%、BOD的总去除率为97%。工程总投资约为300万元,日处理浓污水400m^3,污水处理费为1.0 ̄1.2元/m^3。  相似文献   

5.
电场对油葵种子苗期干旱胁迫后生长的影响   总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28  
用不同电场强度处理油葵种子,在田间和实验室测定电场处理种子对苗期干旱胁迫后生长的影响。研究结果表明,种子经电场处理,可明显提高油葵生长的抗旱能力。在0.5kV/cm-6.0kV/cm场强范围内,不同电场强度对其生长的影响程序不同。与对照组相比,田间出苗率提高4.11% ̄28.0%,根冠比提高6.60% ̄38.7%,植株萎蔫程度降低5.0% ̄95%,产量提高3.40% ̄17.9%,含油率提高1.03  相似文献   

6.
沙坡头人工固沙区的种子库动态   总被引:72,自引:0,他引:72  
沙坡头人工固沙区的土壤种子库中共有46种植物的种子,属于17个科。其中菊科植物最多,达11种;其次为藜科,7种;禾本科7种;豆科4种。既是现有植被组分种,其种子又存在于种子库中的,占总种数的33.3% 。油蒿(Artem isia ordosica)、花棒(Hedysarum scoparium )和柠条(Caragana korshinskii)的种子产量为545±676.73粒/m 2、6.67±13.74粒/m 2、0.032±2.43×10- 3粒/m 2。油蒿在植株上成熟时不受虫害,而花棒、柠条的种子受害比例分别为31.92% 和83.29% 。在最适埋藏深度下,油蒿、柠条、花棒种子的累积发芽率分别可达78.3% 、85.0% 和66.7% ;萌发速度:油蒿> 柠条> 花棒。根据种子库动态分析和植被调查结果可初步预测:沙坡头人工固沙植被的演替趋向将是灌木以油蒿为主,草本以雾冰藜(Bassia dasyphylla)、小画眉草(Eragrostispoaeoides)为主的群落  相似文献   

7.
菜心下胚轴原生质体培养和植株再生   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
以萌发3—4 天(长约4 cm )的菜心(Brassica campestris var.parachinesis)无菌苗苍白下胚轴为材料,酶解分离原生质体。经纯化的原生质体,在含0.5 m g/LZT、0.5 m g/L2,4-D、1.0 m g/LNAA 和0.4 m ol/L葡萄糖的K8p 培养基中,进行微滴培养。在起始培养14—18小时,原生质体再生新的细胞壁。36 小时再生细胞开始第一次分裂。第三天分裂细胞频率可达35% 。培养第8—9 天,可见含8—16个细胞的小细胞团,植板率为15% —18% 。3 周后将发育成直径为2 m m 的白色小愈伤组织,转到含0.3 m g/L 2,4-D并用gelrite半固化的培养基上,增殖成4—5 m m 直径的愈伤组织。在MS+ 3.2(或1.6) m g/L BA+ 1.6(或0.8) m g/LZT+ 0.01 m g/L NAA+ 0.1 m g/LGA3 和0.2% 蔗糖的分化培养基上,获得芽的分化。切下约2 cm 长的芽苗,转移到含0.2 m g/LIAA 和2% 蔗糖的培养基上,生根形成完整植株  相似文献   

8.
P物质对大鼠DRG神经元胞体膜的作用   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16  
本文在大鼠DRG神经元标本上应用细胞内记录,以确定SP对DRG细胞的膜反应及其可能的离子机制。实验所测DRG细胞静息膜电位为-58.9±8.2mV(X±SE,n=81)。传导速度:A_(α/β)细胞为20.4±4.8m/s(X±SE),范围14.1-28.7m/s(47/60);Aδ及C类细胞为9.8±5.2m/s,范围1.2-13.7m/s(13/60)。浴槽滴加SP(10 ̄(-7)-3×10 ̄(-4)mol/L)在大多数细胞可引起明显的膜去极化反应(56/60)。少数细胞对SP无反应(4/60)。在SP去极化期间膜电导值有所增加,从平均值2.72×10 ̄(-8)mho增加24.6%(n=3)。所测逆转电位值在+40-+50mV之间(n=3)。浊流平衡液(BSS)中NaCl以氯化胆碱置代,或用含TTX(10 ̄(-5)mol/L)的BSS灌流,可使SP-去极化幅值大大减小但不能完全消除。而高(20mmol/L)和低(0mmol/L)Ca ̄(2+)的BSS灌流时,使SP-去极化幅值相应的增加和降低。用含10 ̄(-4)mol/LCd ̄(2+)及10 ̄(-2)mol/LTEA的BSS灌流,均使SP-去极化明显减小。  相似文献   

9.
非洲菊的组织培养与快速繁殖   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
1植物名称非洲菊(Gerberajamesonii),又名扶郎花。2材料类别无菌种子萌发的幼苗。3培养条件(1)种子萌发培养基:1/2MS+0.7%琼脂(或脱脂棉);(2)诱导分化培养基:MS+6-BA1.5mp·L-1(单位下同)+IBA0.2;(3)芽增殖培养基:MS+6-BA0.5;(4)生根培养基:MS+NAA2。上述(2)、(3)、(4)培养基内琼脂均为0.7%,蔗糖3%,pH5.8~6.0。培养条件为室温和自然光照,种子萌发前为暗培养。4生长与分化情况4.1萌发种子用纱布袋包装,无菌…  相似文献   

10.
单宁酶的固定化及其在酯型儿茶素水解反应中的应用   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
采用自制的壳聚糖为载体对单宁酶(TA)固定化,TA与壳聚糖配比1:2.5,30℃固定2h,活力回收达23.6% ̄33.1%;偶联效率为84.9% ̄88.0%。固定化单宁酶(ITA)的表观Km值(以没食子酸丙酯为底物)为22.2×10^-6mol/L,TA的Km值(以没食子酸丙酯为底物)为10×10^-6mol/L,TA和ITA的最适反应温度分别为40℃和50℃;60℃处理15min,残存活性分别为  相似文献   

11.
Summary Sorghum (Sorghum bicolar (L) Moench cv EA-955 Serena) seeds, subjected or not to hydration-dehydration treatment were planted in distilled water, NaCl, and Na2SO4. When seeds were not hydrated-dehydrated the salts inhibited both seed germination and seedling vigour, and caused an increase in the per cent of abnormal seedlings. The salts neither inhibited seed germination nor increased the per cent of abnormal seedlings if the seeds were treated by hydration-dehydration. However, this treatment was not effective in overcoming the inhibitory effect of either NaCl or Na2SO4 on seedling vigour. Application of these principles in growing plants under saline environment is discussed.  相似文献   

12.
Crisp lettuce plants cv. Saladin were grown from the time they started flowering, at 20/10°C (16 h day, 8 h night), 25/15°C and 30/20°C in glasshouses on two occasions in 1985. Yields of seed increased from, on average, 15 g to 27 g and then fell to 20 g per plant with progressive increases in temperature. The number of mature florets per plant increased with temperature but the number of seeds per mature floret was lower at 20/10°C and 30/20°C than at 25/15°C. An increase in temperature reduced mean seed weight by up to 45%, seed volume by 15%, cell numerical volume density (Nv) by 27% and the number of cells per seed by 39%. Percentage seed germination reached a maximum early in seed development at the stage when the pappus appeared through the involucral bracts. Differences in percentage germination and vigour of seeds (slope test) from different temperatures were accounted for largely by the effects on mean seed weight. However, when germinated at 30°C seeds produced at 30/20°C germinated more readily than those produced at 25/15°C or 20/10°C. Seed vigour gradually increased with an increase in the length of storage after harvest, reaching a maximum after 260 days. In general, seeds produced at 25/15°C exhibited a greater variation in numbers of seeds per floret, Nv, seed weight, times of seedling emergence, seedling and mature head weight than seeds produced at lower or higher temperatures.  相似文献   

13.
Although global declines in frugivores may disrupt seed dispersal mutualisms and inhibit plant recruitment, quantifying the likely reduction in plant regeneration has been difficult and rarely attempted. We use a manipulative factorial experiment to quantify dependence of recruitment on dispersal (i.e. fruit pulp removal and movement of seed away from parental area) in two large-seeded New Zealand tree species. Complete dispersal failure would cause a 66 to 81 per cent reduction in recruitment to the 2-year-old seedling stage, and synergistic interactions with introduced mammalian seed and seedling predators increase the reduction to 92 to 94 per cent. Dispersal failure reduced regeneration through effects on seed predation, germination and (especially) seedling survival, including distance- and density-dependent (Janzen-Connell) effects. Dispersal of both species is currently largely dependent on a single frugivore, and many fruits today remain uneaten. Present-day levels of frugivore loss and mammal seed and seedling predators result in 57 to 84 per cent fewer seedlings after 2 years. Our study demonstrates the importance of seed dispersal for local plant population persistence, and validates concerns about the community consequences of frugivore declines.  相似文献   

14.
Experiments were conducted to study the influence of sowing seasons and drying methods on the seed vigour of two spring soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars. Two cultivars, ‘Huachun18’ and ‘Huachun 14’, were sown in three seasons viz., spring, summer and autumn and the harvested seeds were dried using three different methods. The results showed that soybean sown in spring had a higher number of branches per plant, pods per branch and seed weight, and consequently resulted in higher seed yields than that of soybean sown in autumn or summer seasons. Seeds sown in the autumn season had the lowest values of electrical conductivity during seed imbibitions, higher peroxidase (POD) activity in germinated seedlings and lower contamination by the seed-borne fungi on the MS medium, which indirectly improved the seed vigour, which was followed by summer sown seeds. Seeds sown during the spring season resulted in poor seed vigour. In addition, the effect of drying methods on the seed vigour was also clarified. Seeds that hung for four days before threshing and then air-dried had the poorest seed vigour which was determined by germination, electrical conductivity, POD activity and seed borne fungal growth. There was no difference in seed vigour between other methods, i.e. seeds threshed directly at harvest and then air-dried on a bamboo sifter or concrete floor. These results indicated that autumn sowing soybean and the drying method in which seeds were threshed directly at harvest and then air-dried on a bamboo sifter resulted in higher seed vigour.  相似文献   

15.
Plants of white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) cv. Olwen were grown in an open glasshouse maintained at a mean temperature of 20oC and ovule growth and seed production measured. Differences in the rate of growth of ovules within ovaries were observed as early as 2 days after pollination. Ovules reached a maximum size after 8 days with the smallest only half the size of the largest. After 8 days, the smallest ovules became flaccid and shrivelled. Ovule position within the ovary had little effect on the frequency of seed set and although there was an apparently higher probability that central ovules produced a seed than those nearer the peduncle or style this was not statistically significant. Inflorescence position and floret position on the inflorescence had a significant effect on the number of seeds per floret and seed weight; the first formed inflorescences and the first florets to be pollinated on each inflorescence had more seeds per floret and heavier seeds and fewer florets with no seed than later pollinated florets. There were also differences between florets within the same whorl. The role of a number of factors which may influence floret site utilisation are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Seedling emergence and subsequent survival and growth are vital for natural forest restoration or plantation establishment by means of seeds. Such information is lacking for the African bamboo species. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse to evaluate the influence of seed orientation and sowing depth of the lowland bamboo Oxytenanthera abyssinica on seedling emergence, survival and growth. A randomised complete block design was used. Seedling emergence in the seed orientation experiment followed the order embryo-end-up>lay-flat>embryo-end-down. Survival rate after 62 days decreased in the order lay-flat>embryo-end-down>embryo-end-up. Mean seedling height and number of leaves per seedling followed a similar pattern. Seeds sown on top of the soil surface and at 2.5 mm depth achieved faster and higher seedling emergence than those sown at 5 and 10 mm depths. However, mean seedling height and number of leaves per seedling were higher in 5 and 2.5 mm depths than surface and 10 mm depths. There were significant quadratic relationships between sowing depth and seedling height (p=0.034) as well as number of leaves per seedling (p=0.032), both peaking around 5 mm soil depth. Lay-flat orientation, which is the most frequent position in broadcast sowing, is recommended at 5 mm sowing depth for the lowland bamboo based on overall performance in seedling emergence, survival and growth.  相似文献   

17.
Allison A. Snow 《Oecologia》1982,55(2):231-237
Summary Initial seed set and fruit set were pollen-limited in a Costa Rican population of Passiflora vitifolia, a self-incompatible species with 200–350 ovules per flower. Pollination intensity was measured by counting the number of allogamous pollen grains on stigmas of the large one-day flowers. Hand-pollinations demonstrated that 25–50 pollen grains are required for fruit set, and >450 are needed for maximum seed set, with a pollen:seed ratio of about 1.6:1.0. Hummingbirds (Phaethornis superciliosus) delivered sufficient allogamous pollen for maximum seed set to only 28% of the flowers examined. Naturally pollinated flowers yielded fewer fruits and fewer seeds per fruit than those pollinated by hand. Most pollen transferred by humming-birds was self-incompatible; emasculated flowers yielded higher seed set than flowers with intact anthers. Visitation rates did not provide a good index of effective pollination.There were significant differences in ovule number, maximum seed set, and maximum per cent seed set among individual vines. More than half of an individual's flowers failed to set fruit, whether pollinated by birds or by hand. In this population, maximum reproductive potential may be limited by maternal resources for fruit development, but seed set varies with pollination intensity. Pollen-limited seed set may be a disadvantage of self-incompatibility, especially in species with many-seeded fruits.  相似文献   

18.
四合木繁殖特性的研究   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
对四合木(Tetraena mongolica Maxim)的系列特性做了综合研究。结果表明,四合具有有性和无性生殖2种形式的繁育系统,以有性生殖占主导地位。该种成熟的花粉及柱头表面均较平滑,开花时花柱伸和苴柱头稍有膨大,但估不发达。子 在部具花盘。子房壁和花盘执行蜜腺功能。开花前,密腺开始发育,花后密腺成熟并有分泌行为。套袋实验发现,四合木传粉方式以异花传粉为主,传粉结束后统计,异花传粉结实率为  相似文献   

19.
Seed weight varies significantly within and among fruits of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). To determine sources of this variation, we studied fertilization and seed development following controlled pollinations. Within fruits, central ovules were fertilized prior to distal ovules and attained greater seed size. Ninety-seven percent of the variation in mean seed wt per fruit was explained by an analysis of variance incorporating parental effects, pollination date, and the number of seeds per fruit. We document strong maternal effects on the number of ovules per ovary, the number of fertilized ovules per ovary, the number of seeds per fruit, and mean individual seed wt per fruit. Across females, pollen donor had a slight but significant effect on seed wt; no paternal effects on fertilization rate, zygote number, or seed number per fruit were detected. Within females, with one exception, pollen donor had no significant effect on these components of seed development. Stronger maternal main effects may be due to donor x recipient interactions, cytoplasmic factors, the genetic inequity within triploid endosperm, and/or strict maternal control over resource allocation. The large maternal effects relative to paternal effects may limit the rate at which natural selection acts on paternal traits expressed prior to seed maturation.  相似文献   

20.
通过野外观测及光学解剖,观察了斗竹(Oligostachyum spongiosum)开花林相、开花动态、花器官构造、结实情况,以及花后林相更新等生物学特性,采用光学显微技术结合石蜡制片,对斗竹的大、小孢子的发生及雌、雄配子体的发育过程进行研究。结果表明:(1)斗竹为一次性整体开花竹类,花期为4月下旬~5月下旬,花期约持续45 d,成花量大。(2)花序为圆锥状混合花序,每花序由4枚小穗构成;小穗细长,每枚小穗由5~17枚小花组成;小花为颖花,顶部小花不发育,外稃、内稃各1枚;浆片3枚,卵圆形;雄蕊4~6枚(多为6),每枚花药具有4个花粉囊,花药壁发育为基本型,绒毡层为腺质型,小孢子四分体为左右对称型,成熟花粉粒为2 细胞型,球形,表面纹饰颗粒状,具单个萌发孔,花粉发育过程中部分花药出现异常收缩及空腔的败育花粉粒;雌蕊1枚,柱头3叉,羽毛状,子房1室,胚珠倒生,厚珠心,胚囊为蓼型,成熟胚囊结构及发育过程均正常;雌雄同熟,异花授粉,果实为颖果。(3)斗竹花后全林死亡,结实率低,自然条件下结实率为8.1%。研究结果为研究竹子系统分类、开花机制,开展杂交育种及竹林更新复壮工作等提供基础性资料。  相似文献   

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