麦冬和青绿薹草对土壤苯并[a]芘的去除率及叶片生理响应特征北大核心CSCD

为了明确北京园林绿地地被植物麦冬和青绿薹草对土壤苯并[a]芘的净化能力,以普通园土为对照,设置5.5、15和30 mg/kg等3个土壤苯并[a]芘污染浓度,通过盆栽试验研究两种植物对苯并[a]芘的耐受性、去除效果及叶片中光合色素和氧化应激等生理响应特征。结果表明:(1)两种植物在30 mg/kg及以下的土壤苯并[a]芘浓度中均可生存且具有观赏价值,但青绿薹草株高及干重均受到显著抑制,而麦冬仅株高受到显著抑制。(2)两种植物均可以显著降低土壤苯并[a]芘浓度,且去除率随浓度升高呈先升高后降低的趋势;麦冬在5.5 mg/kg时去除率最高(76.9%),青绿薹草在15 mg/kg时去除率最高(79.6%)。(3)随土壤苯并[a]芘浓度升高,麦冬叶片各类光合色素含量均先降低后升高,而青绿薹草则先升高后降低,但仅在个别处理下变化显著。(4)各苯并[a]芘浓度处理下麦冬叶片中MDA含量均与对照组无显著差异,而各处理下青绿薹草均显著高于对照组。(5)各苯并[a]芘浓度处理下麦冬、青绿薹草叶片中过氧化氢和羟自由基含量基本上均高于对照组,其中麦冬在15和30 mg/kg浓度处理下过氧化氢含量以及15 mg/kg浓度处理下羟自由基含量增幅显著,青绿薹草在15 mg/kg浓度处理下过氧化氢含量以及各浓度处理下的羟自由基含量均显著高于对照组。(6)在各土壤苯并[a]芘浓度下,两种植物叶片POD和CAT活性均与对照组无显著差异,SOD活性仅在麦冬5.5 mg/kg浓度处理下和青绿薹草30 mg/kg浓度处理下显著高于对照组。研究发现,麦冬和青绿薹草均可耐受苯并[a]芘污染浓度低于30 mg/kg的土壤环境,同时有效去除土壤中的苯并[a]芘;麦冬的去除效果在土壤苯并[a]芘浓度较低时优于青绿薹草,而在高浓度时逊于青绿薹草;麦冬对苯并[a]芘土壤污染的较强耐受性与其在各污染浓度下叶片光合色素含量较稳定、膜质过氧化程度较低等密切相关。     

污泥草地利用的初步研究

对经堆处理的污泥有机肥培育结缕草（Zoysia japonica)的初步研究表明,在污泥符合农用标准条件下,以Cd为施污泥肥厚的限制因子,在施污泥有机肥45t.hm^-2（干重）以下时,在微酸性土壤（PH＜6．5）,土壤Cd含量低于Cd的土壤环境质量标准（0.3mg.kg^-1),地下水NO^-3-N含量低于地面水Ⅰ、Ⅱ类标准（NO^-3-N10mg.kg^-1,P0.1mg.kg^-),土壤中有机质,速效N、总N、总P分别经对照增加16％、78％、61％和140％,结缕草生物量比对照区高1倍,可以认为,污泥草地利用是一种良好途径。     

稀土元素对土壤中尿素水解及其水解产物行为的影响

以潮土为供试土壤进行土培试验,研究了农用稀土对同时施加的尿素在土壤中形态转化过程影响,当稀土施用量增至10mg/kg^-1烘干土以上时,土壤中尿素水解后所形成的铵态氮含量显著增加,在不同培养时间内,土壤中源自尿素的硝态氮和亚硝态氮含量随稀土施用量增加呈降低趋势;当施用量增至50mg/kg^-1烘干土时,与对照相比的降低程度达显著水平,施加稀土元素后,土壤有效氮含量明显增加,主要由于土壤铵态氮增加所致,结合土壤pH变化,表明稀土施用量高于10mg.kg^-1烘干土时,可明显延缓尿素在潮土中水解进程并抑制水解产物铵态氮的氧化,利于土训对尿素氮固持。     

污染土壤中苯并(a)芘的微生物降解途径研究进展

苯并(a)芘(BaP)是一种具有强致癌、致畸和致突变的多环芳烃(PAHs)。为了修复BaP污染的土壤,探索其降解途径是很重要的。为此,综述了国内外有关污染土壤中苯并(a)芘的微生物降解情况,对不同真菌、细菌降解苯并(a)芘的能力、代谢途径、共代谢底物以及环境影响因素进行了介绍和比较,提出了苯并(a)芘中间代谢产物的累积及其环境毒性方面的研究是修复苯并(a)芘污染土壤的重要方向。     

煤矿污染土壤降解苯并(a)芘微生物多样性及降解能力研究

以苯并(a)芘(50 mg/L)为唯一碳源,对新疆芦草沟煤矿开采区土壤微生物进行3代胁迫培养(每代60 d);采用PCR-DGGE方法了解不同污染程度土样中降解苯并(a)芘的微生物类群和多样性特点;利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定胁迫培养每代培养物混合菌群对苯并(a)芘的降解能力。PCR-DGGE结果显示:不同污染程度原始样品与苯并(a)芘胁迫培养第3代培养物的微生物香浓指数(H)、丰度(S)和均匀度(E)有所不同,其中重度污染培养物降解苯并(a)芘的微生物类群最丰富。对优势条带进行克隆,其主要归属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)。经HPLC检测发现重度污染样品中的群体微生物对苯并(a)芘的降解率明显高于轻度和中度污染样品,达到78.4%。研究表明新疆芦草沟煤矿开采区污染的土壤中可能蕴藏着降解苯并(a)芘的微生物资源。     

城市土壤磷素特性及其与地下水磷浓度的关系

采集了8个南京市的城区土壤剖面及同位置地下水样品,进行了P素特性的研究,结果表明,城市土壤的全P,有效P和可溶性P含量分别为1．26－11．41g.kg^-1,19.48-166.74mg.kg^-1和0．5、－5．41mg.kg^-1,远高于相同地区的农业土壤,土壤有效P与全P呈极显著正相关,土壤可溶性P与全P,有效P的相关性达到极显著水平,而土壤有机C,全N与土壤全P,有效P,可溶性P不相关,城市地下水中溶解态P和总P的浓度分别为0．010－1．759mg/L^-1和0．079－1．876mg.L^-1,它们之间呈极显著相关性,地下水中溶解态P,总P浓度与土壤剖面全P,有效P,可溶性P的加权平均值的相关性达到极显著或显著水平。     

中国城市污泥土地利用关注的典型有机污染物

污泥土地利用是国内外城市污泥主要的处置方式之一,而污泥中的有机污染物是污泥土地利用的限制性因素之一.本文分析了国内外城市污泥中有机污染物的浓度和研究现状,针对我国国情,认为多环芳烃(PAHs)是城市污泥中一种常见的有机污染物,总含量一般在1 ～ 10 mg·kg-1,有的因污水来源复杂而超过了100 mg·kg-1;壬基苯酚(NP/NPE)在我国污水处理厂污泥样品中均有检出,浓度在1～128 mg·kg-1.污泥园林绿化、林地利用、土壤改良等将是今后主要的利用方向,要实现污泥安全、环保的土地利用,多环芳烃(PAHs)和壬基苯酚(NP/NPE)将是主要考虑的典型有机污染物.     

不同镉水平下小麦对镉及矿质养分吸收和积累的品种间差异

土壤Cd污染不仅影响作物的生长发育和产量形成,也对食物安全产生了潜在威胁,本试验以苗期生长特性有明显差异的2个小麦品种为供试材料,设置0、0．03、0．1、0．3和1．0mg.kg^-1Cd等5种处理水平,研究不同Cd水平下两品种的生长和Cd及矿质养分吸收,结果表明,低浓度Cd（0.03mg.kg^-1)对两品种的生长和干物质积累有明显的促进作用,而高浓度Cd（＞0.3mg.kg^-1)则显著抑制生长,且受抑制程度与品种有关,甘谷534的耐性相对较强;地上部和根系的Cd含量,Cd处理水平与品种之间存在着显著的互作,低Cd水平下（＜0.1mg.kg^-1),甘谷534的Cd含量较高,而高Cd水平下,则以鄂81513的Cd含量较高;Cd处理显著影响矿质养分的吸收,鄂81513在0.1mg.kg^-1Cd水平下5种大量元素含量明显低于对照,而甘谷534变化相对较小,这与两品种生长和分蘖对Cd处理的反应表现一致。     

城市污泥和化肥对水稻土种植的通菜中多环芳烃(PAHs)的影响

在水稻土上施用城市污泥和化肥盆栽通菜,应用GC／MS联机检测技术对通菜中17种多环芳烃化合物进行了分析。结果表明,各处理通菜中的∑PAHs含量在0．414-5.404mg/kg之间,依次是佛山污泥＋化肥＞广州污泥＋化肥＞化肥＞广州污泥＞佛山污泥＞空白,致癌性PAHs化合物的总含量（∑PAHscarc)在0.068-0.944mg/kg之间,绝大部分化合物在通菜中的含量大于在根系中的含量,与空白对照相比,施用城市污泥和化肥均使通菜中的∑PAHs含量明显提高,各处理通菜中的PAHs都只是以一种或几种化合物为主,主要是3,4个苯环的化合物,显示不同的分布特征,。     

我国城市污泥中含氮有机污染物的初步研究

应用GC/MS联机检测技术对11个城市污泥中6种含氮有机污染物进行分析.结果表明,城市污泥中6种含氮有机化合物的总含量在0.087～26.438 mg·kg-1,高低依次为兰州污泥＞北京污泥＞无锡污泥＞大埔(香港)污泥＞沙田(香港)污泥＞佛山污泥＞广州污泥＞元朗(香港)污泥＞珠海污泥＞西安污泥＞深圳污泥.不同化合物在各城市污泥中的含量和分布特征有明显差异.硝基苯类的含量较高,胺类的含量较低.兰州污泥中含氮有机化合物的含量普遍较高,其次是无锡污泥、北京污泥和大埔污泥.污泥中含氮有机化合物的种类和含量与污水来源、污水处理方式、污泥类型、化合物的结构和理化性质等因素有关.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.