微生物糖基转移酶催化合成槲皮素糖苷及其抗炎活性评价

利用微生物来源的糖基转移酶GT-1、GT-2和BTGT-1对槲皮素进行糖基化修饰。研究发现这3种酶均能够催化以槲皮素和UDP-葡萄糖为底物生成槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖（异槲皮苷）,GT-1、 GT-2和BTGT-1催化反应的产物生成率分别为5.33%、15.18%和63.82%。通过对槲皮素、异槲皮苷和槲皮素-N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖进行水溶性以及体外细胞抗炎活性检测,发现槲皮素经糖基化后其水溶性得到较大提高,异槲皮苷和槲皮素-N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖水溶性分别是槲皮素的13.8倍和15.4倍。同等浓度下槲皮素糖苷对RAW264.7 细胞的毒性作用低于槲皮素,且3种化合物在一定浓度范围内对LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞释放NO、 IL-1β、IL-6 都有显著的抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性,研究表明3种化合物都具有一定的抗炎作用。     

槲皮素-3-O-乙酸酯、槲皮素-3-O-丙酸酯的制备及抗血小板聚集活性

为改善槲皮素的水溶性而不降低其抗血小板聚集活性,本文以芦丁为原料,经"3'、4'、7位羟基苄基化-酸水解苷键-3位羟基酰化-加氢脱苄基"四步反应,合成出槲皮素-3-O-乙酸酯和槲皮素-3-O-丙酸酯。两种衍生物在水中的溶解度分别为243.27μg/m L和8.13μg/m L,均高于槲皮素的溶解度。两种衍生物均对二磷酸腺苷诱导的兔体外和大鼠体内血小板聚集有显著的抑制活性,体外IC50分别为94.1μmol/L和204.9μmol/L,均低于槲皮素值,体内抑聚率均高于槲皮素。实验结果表明,通过选择性酰化槲皮素的3位羟基,引入含2个或3个碳的短脂肪烃基链,能显著改善水溶性,提高抗血小板聚集活性。     

槲皮素-3-O-乙酸酯、槲皮素-3-O-丙酸酯的制备及抗血小板聚集活性北大核心CSCD

为改善槲皮素的水溶性而不降低其抗血小板聚集活性,本文以芦丁为原料,经"3'、4'、7位羟基苄基化-酸水解苷键-3位羟基酰化-加氢脱苄基"四步反应,合成出槲皮素-3-O-乙酸酯和槲皮素-3-O-丙酸酯。两种衍生物在水中的溶解度分别为243.27μg/m L和8.13μg/m L,均高于槲皮素的溶解度。两种衍生物均对二磷酸腺苷诱导的兔体外和大鼠体内血小板聚集有显著的抑制活性,体外IC50分别为94.1μmol/L和204.9μmol/L,均低于槲皮素值,体内抑聚率均高于槲皮素。实验结果表明,通过选择性酰化槲皮素的3位羟基,引入含2个或3个碳的短脂肪烃基链,能显著改善水溶性,提高抗血小板聚集活性。     

槲皮素体内外抗氧化作用和比较研究

目的：测定槲皮素的体外总抗氧化力,进一步观察槲皮素灌胃后大鼠外周血总抗氧化力的变化,并与芦丁、维生素C、维生素E相比较,方法：总抗氧化力采用Fe^3 还原法,槲皮素,芦丁分析采用紫外分光光度法及高效液相色谱法,结果：相同浓度条件下槲皮素的体外总抗氧化力显著强于芦丁,与传统的抗氧化剂维生素C、维生素E相当。槲皮素40mg/kg灌胃1h后大鼠外周血总抗氧化及槲皮素含量（紫外分光光度法）较灌胃前升高最为明显,维生素C也有显著提高外周血总抗氧化力的作用,芦丁与维生素E未表现出显著作用。血浆高效液相分析表明槲皮灌胃后未出现明显的槲皮素收峰,而与其峰相邻的两个未知峰的面积增大。结论：槲皮素的体外抗氧化作用强于芦丁,与传统的抗氧化剂维生素C、维生素E相当,槲皮素吸收后经代谢形成衍生物,提高血浆总抗氧化力的程度与维生素C相近。     

酶法合成槲皮素3-O-糖苷酰基化衍生物的研究进展

槲皮素3-O-糖苷是一类重要的槲皮素糖苷类化合物,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌和抗病毒等多种药理活性,其代表性化合物芦丁和曲克芦丁已被开发成临床用药。由此可见,槲皮素3-O-糖苷已经成为创新药物的重要来源之一。然而,较低的生物利用度限制了槲皮素3-O-糖苷在食品、制药等行业中更广泛地应用。为提高这些化合物的生物利用度,选择性酰基化修饰是有效的途径之一,而生物酶法则是获得槲皮素3-O-糖苷酯类衍生物的重要方法。文中介绍了酰基化槲皮素3-O-糖苷的酶促合成方法,重点综述了4种能执行体外酶促酰化的工具酶(酰基转移酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、酯酶)和全细胞生物催化剂在槲皮素3-O-糖苷酯的酶促合成中的研究进展,详细阐述了酰基化修饰对槲皮素3-O-糖苷生物活性的影响。此外,还针对槲皮素3-O-糖苷酯的高效合成方法和修饰位点多样化进行了讨论,以期为槲皮素3-O-糖苷类药物的结构修饰、开发提供新思路。     

植物次生物质诱导作用对杀虫药剂毒力影响研究

通过培养基混药法测定了芸香甙、槲皮素和2—十三烷酮三种植物次生物质的诱导作力的影响。芸香甙的诱导作用提高了棉铃虫对甲基对硫磷和灭多威的耐药性,而对溴氰菊酯毒力的影响则随诱导时间的不同而异;槲皮素的诱导作用提高了棉铃虫F₂代对灭多威的毒力,槲皮素的诱导作用对溴氰菊酯的毒力无影响;2—十三烷酮的诱导作用提高了棉铃虫对溴氰菊酯的耐药性,提高F₁代对灭多威的敏感度,而对甲基对硫磷的毒力影响不大。     

基于生物分子网络和分子对接研究槲皮素抗宫颈癌的机制

为了研究槲皮素抗宫颈癌的网状作用机制,本研究运用TCMSP、Swiss TargetPrediction、CTD、GeneCards、DisGeNET、Open Targets数据库及STRING平台,筛选并构建槲皮素抗宫颈癌靶点网络及蛋白互作网络;利用OmicShare云平台进行靶点GO功能富集分析;通过DAVID 6.8平台进行靶点KEGG通路富集分析;应用AutoDuck Vina软件进行分子对接,分析槲皮素与主要靶点的亲和力。结果发现槲皮素能作用于TP53、MYC、VEGFA、STAT3、CCND1、AKT1、CASP3等宫颈癌主要靶点,且亲和力高于原配体;调控p53、Apoptosis、PI3K-Akt、Jak-STAT等信号通路,具有阻滞宫颈癌细胞周期进程,诱导其凋亡,抗肿瘤血管形成等多重抗癌机制,可作为宫颈癌潜在治疗药物进一步研究。     

槲皮素体外抗氧化及对小鼠血脂代谢作用的研究

本研究旨在探讨槲皮素体外抗氧化能力以及对高脂日粮小鼠血脂代谢的影响.体外分别测定了槲皮素对DPPH·,·OH和ABTS+·自由基的清除作用.动物实验:将昆明种雄性小鼠32只,随机分为4组,分别饲喂正常、高脂、高脂+0.05g/kg槲皮素、高脂+0.1g/kg槲皮素日粮.9周后测定小鼠肝脏活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、抗氧化酶活力及血脂水平.结果表明:槲皮素对DPPH·,·OH和ABTS+·具有较强的清除作用,在一定范围内呈现出明显的剂量增加-效应增强的关系.0.05g/kg槲皮素能显著降低肝脏自由基水平及MDA含量(P＜0.05),增强抗氧化能力(P＜0.05),改善血脂水平(P＜0.05),而0.1g/kg槲皮素效果不显著.结论:0.05g/kg槲皮素可有效提高机体抗氧化能力,缓解高脂膳食造成的氧化应激,改善血脂代谢.     

槲皮素与DNA的相互作用

有机小分子与DNA相互作用机理研究已经成为药物作用机理研究与新药筛选的重要手段之一。槲皮素 (Quercetin) 是一种多羟基黄酮类化合物,具有抗癌、抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、降糖降压、免疫调节及保护心血管的作用。实验研究的目的是发现与确认槲皮素与DNA之间是否具有相互作用,以及确定其相互作用的类型。根据荧光光谱法和共振散射荧光光谱法的分析结果,发现槲皮素与鲱鱼精DNA之间存在相互作用;使用紫外-可见分光光度法和荧光偏振分析,发现槲皮素与鲱鱼精DNA之间的相互作用模式不属于嵌插作用,而是沟槽嵌合或者静电相互作用;最后通过分子对接实验,成功佐证槲皮素与鲱鱼精DNA之间的相互作用模式是沟槽结合。该工作有利于理解槲皮素与DNA之间的体外作用方式,助力于相应疾病的药物开发。     

异槲皮素的制备及研究进展

异槲皮素具有很好的研究和开发利用价值。本文介绍了异槲皮素的分布,综述了异槲皮素目前的制备方法,总结了异槲皮素的理化性质、药理活性及其安全性。指出研发高效、专一性强、单组分的α-L-鼠李糖苷酶是定向转化芦丁制备异槲皮素的有效途径。从研究现状及研发趋势来看,异槲皮素在一定剂量范围内可用于食品或药品添加,在进一步深入研究药理及其安全剂量的基础上,异槲皮素有望能在大健康产品的开发中发挥更大的作用。     

槲皮素的生物活性机制及药动学特点

近年来,许多文献报道了槲皮素发挥生物活性的机制,发现槲皮素并不只是通过抗氧化机制发挥活性。细胞因子及细胞信号转导在槲皮素发挥生物活性的过程中也起到了重要作用。另一方面,有研究表明,口服生物利用度不高、首关效应强是阻碍食物中槲皮素充分发挥生物活性的重要原因。然而,槲皮素的体内分布和代谢特征又给予它发挥在体活性的潜力。因此,槲皮素很有研究价值。本文主要介绍槲皮素的作用机制,并阐述其药动学特点,为人们对槲皮素的进一步研究提供参考。     

A review on pharmacological activities and synergistic effect of quercetin with small molecule agents

BackgroundQuercetin is a natural flavonoid, which widely exists in nature, such as tea, coffee, apples, and onions. Numerous studies have showed that quercetin has multiple biological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging. Hence, quercetin has a significant therapeutic effect on cancers, obesity, diabetes, and other diseases. In the past decades, a large number of studies have shown that quercetin combined with other agents can significantly improve the overall therapeutic effect, compared to single use.PurposeThis work reviews the pharmacological activities of quercetin and its derivatives. In addition, this work also summarizes both in vivo and in vitro experimental evidence for the synergistic effect of quercetin against cancers and metabolic diseases.MethodsAn extensive systematic search for pharmacological activities and synergistic effect of quercetin was performed considering all the relevant literatures published until August 2021 through the databases including NCBI PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The relevant literatures were extracted from the databases with following keyword combinations: "pharmacological activities" OR "biological activities" OR "synergistic effect" OR "combined" OR "combination" AND "quercetin" as well as free-text words.ResultsQuercetin and its derivatives possess multiple pharmacological activities including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cardiovascular, anti-aging, and neuroprotective activities. In addition, the synergistic effect of quercetin with small molecule agents against cancers and metabolic diseases has also been confirmed.ConclusionQuercetin cooperates with agents to improve the therapeutic effect by regulating signal molecules and blocking cell cycle. Synergistic therapy can reduce the dose of agents and avoid the possible toxic and side effects in the treatment process. Although quercetin treatment has some potential side effects, it is safe under the expected use conditions. Hence, quercetin has application value and potential strength as a clinical drug. Furthermore, quercetin, as the main effective therapeutic ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, may effectively treat and prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).     

拟南芥——一把打开植物生命奥秘大门的钥匙

在过去的20年中,拟南芥作为模式植物广泛用于植物生命科学研究。历时10年的模式植物拟南芥的全基因组测序工作于2000年完成,通过测序获得的拟南芥基因组核苷酸序列全部公布在互联网上,有力地推动了植物生命科学研究向前发展。科学家提出的“2010计划”旨在通过全世界植物科学家的努力,到2010年能够尽可能多地了解拟南芥基因的功能。通过拟南芥研究所获得的信息将有助于人类对控制不同植物复杂生命活动机制的认识。     

Bi-directional regulation of emodin and quercetin on smooth muscle myosin of gizzard

This study is to reveal the characteristics of bidirectional regulation of emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone) and quercetin on gizzard smooth muscle myosin. Our results indicate that: (a) emodin demonstrates stimulatory effects, and quercetin produces inhibitory effects on myosin phosphorylation and Mg(2+)-ATPase activities of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylated myosin in a dose-dependent manner; (b) a combination of emodin and quercetin enhances phosphorylation and Mg(2+)-ATPase activities for partially phosphorylated myosin and inhibits those activities for fully phosphorylated myosin; (c) 1-(5-Chloronaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H2-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine inhibits myosin phosphorylation in the presence of emodin and/or quercetin. A combination of emodin and quercetin indicates its potential for modulating gastric-intestinal smooth muscle.     

植物激素相关microRNA研究进展

microRNA（miRNA）是22nt左右的非编码RNA,主要在转录后水平调节基因的活性。miRNA通过与靶基因的互补位点结合从而降解靶基因mRNA或抑制其翻译。近年的研究发现,miRNA在植物生长发育中发挥着重要的调控作用。目前已知一些miRNA参与植物激素信号途径的切入点,这为我们了解miRNA和植物激素在植物发育中的作用提供了新思路。本文综述了miRNA参与植物激素信号应答及生物合成的研究进展,并对一些miINA在植物激素信号应答中可能的作用进行了讨论。     

Rutin-enhanced antibacterial activities of flavonoids against Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enteritidis

The antibacterial activities of flavonoids were found by the paper disk method to be enhanced by combining or mixing them. The combinations of quercetin and quercitrin, quercetin and morin, and quercetin and rutin were much more active than either flavonoid alone. Although rutin did not show activity in itself, the antibacterial activities of quercetin and morin were enhanced in the presence of rutin. The antibacterial activities of flavonoids, in combination with morin and rutin, were evaluated, based on the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) in a liquid culture, by using Salmonella enteritidis and Bacillus cereus as the test bacteria. The activities of galangin, kaempherol, myricetin and fisetin were each enhanced in the presence of rutin when S. enteritidis was used as the test bacterium. The MIC value for kaempherol was markedly decreased by the addition of rutin. Morin inhibited DNA synthesis, and this effect was promoted by rutin at a concentration of 25 microg/ml.     

桦褐孔菌资源分布及药理活性研究进展

对桦褐孔菌在我国的资源调查情况进行了汇总,在已报道桦褐孔菌综述的基础上,重点针对近5年来野生桦褐孔菌与桦褐孔菌发酵产物药理活性的研究成果进行了综述,并对桦褐孔菌的资源及其开发利用前景进行了展望。     

Underlying Mechanism of Quercetin-induced Cell Death in Human Glioma Cells

There has been considerable interest in recent years in the anti-tumor activities of flavonoids. Quercetin, a ubiquitous bioactive flavonoid, can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which quercetin induces apoptosis in cancer cells is poorly understood. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of quercetin on cell viability and to determine its underlying mechanism in human glioma cells. Quercetin resulted in loss of cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner and the decrease in cell viability was mainly attributed to cell death. Quercetin did not increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the quercetin-induced cell death was also not affected by antioxidants, suggesting that ROS generation is not involved in loss of cell viability. Western blot analysis showed that quercetin treatment caused rapid reduction in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt. Transient transfection with constitutively active forms of MEK and Akt protected against the quercetin-induced loss of cell viability. Quercetin-induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. Caspase activity was stimulated by quercetin and caspase inhibitors prevented the quercetin-induced loss of cell viability. Quercetin resulted in a decrease in expression of survivin, antiapoptotic proteins. Taken together, these findings suggest that quercetin results in human glioma cell death through caspase-dependent mechanisms involving down-regulation of ERK, Akt, and survivin.     

Hypothyroidism Enhanced Ectonucleotidases and Acetylcholinesterase Activities in Rat Synaptosomes can be Prevented by the Naturally Occurring Polyphenol Quercetin

Thyroid hormones have an influence on the functioning of the central nervous system. Furthermore, the cholinergic and purinergic systems also are extensively involved in brain function. In this context, quercetin is a polyphenol with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. This study investigated the effects of (MMI)-induced hypothyroidism on the NTPDase, 5′-nucleotidase, adenosine deaminase (ADA), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in synaptosomes of rats and whether the quercetin can prevent it. MMI at a concentration of 20 mg/100 mL was administered for 90 days in the drinking water. The animals were divided into six groups: control/water (CT/W), control/quercetin 10 mg/kg, control/quercetin 25 mg/kg, methimazole/water (MMI/W), methimazole/quercetin 10 mg/kg (MMI/Q10), and methimazole/quercetin 25 mg/kg (MMI/Q25). On the 30th day, hormonal dosing was performed to confirm hypothyroidism, and the animals were subsequently treated with 10 or 25 mg/kg quercetin for 60 days. NTPDase activity was not altered in the MMI/W group. However, treatment with quercetin decreased ATP and ADP hydrolysis in the MMI/Q10 and MMI/Q25 groups. 5′-nucleotidase activity increased in the MMI/W group, but treatments with 10 or 25 mg/kg quercetin decreased 5′-nucleotidase activity. ADA activity decreased in the CT/25 and MMI/Q25 groups. Furthermore, AChE activity was reduced in all groups with hypothyroidism. In vitro tests also demonstrated that quercetin per se decreased NTPDase, 5′-nucleotidase, and AChE activities. This study demonstrated changes in the 5′-nucleotidase and AChE activities indicating that purinergic and cholinergic neurotransmission are altered in this condition. In addition, quercetin can alter these parameters and may be a promising natural compound with important neuroprotective actions in hypothyroidism.