柄翅缨小蜂属一新种及一中国新记录种记述(膜翅目:缨小蜂科)

记述采自新疆的柄翅缨小蜂属Gonatocerus Nees菱胸柄翅缨小蜂种团G.SULphuripes groups 1新种:直茎柄翅缨小蜂Gonatocerus orthopennitus,sp.nov.;报道该属1中国新记录种:菱胸柄翅缨小蜂Gonatocerus sulphuripes(Fōrster),1847...     

新疆爱丽缨小蜂属两新种及一新纪录种记述(膜翅目,缨小蜂科)(英文)

记述采自新疆的爱丽缨小蜂属ErythmelusEnock2新种,温泉爱丽缨小蜂Erythmelus(Erythmelus)wenquanensis sp.nov.,短索爱丽缨小蜂Erythmelus(Erythmelus)brevifuniculatus sp.nov.,中国1新纪录种,盲蝽爱丽缨小蜂Erythmelus(Erythmelus)lygivorus Viggianiet Jesu,提供了新疆爱丽缨小蜂属5个种的检索表。模式标本保存在新疆大学生命科学与技术学院昆虫研究室和福建农林大学生物防治研究所。温泉爱丽缨小蜂,新种Erythmelus(Erythmelus)wenquanensis sp.nov.(图1~4)正模♀,新疆温泉县,2001-07-16,胡红英采。副模:2♀♀,来源同正模;1♀,和硕县,2001-08-07,胡红英采;5♀♀,和静县,2001-08-09,胡红英采;2♀♀,托里县,2007-07-29,张铁钢采;1♀,塔城,2007-07-30,张晶晶采;1♀,托里县,2007-07-29,何茜采;1♂,和丰县,2007-08-01,徐建华采。分布:新疆(和硕县、和静县、塔城、和丰县、托里县、温泉县)。新种外部形态特征与E.goochiEnock很相似,主要区别是:新种的第6索节略短于第4、5索节之和;棒节短于柄节至第4索节长度之和;前翅缘毛明显长于翅宽。词源:新种以模式产地命名。短索爱丽缨小蜂,新种Erythmelus(Erythmelus)brevifuniculatussp.nov.(图5~8)正模♀,新疆精河县,2001-07-15,胡红英采。副模:1♀,1♂,来源同正模;6♀♀,4♂♂,乌鲁木齐市,2001-08-22,胡红英采;1♀,新源县,1997-08-07,马德英采;2♀♀,2♂♂,新源县,2001-07-16,胡红英采;1♀,奎屯市,2001-07-17,胡红英采;2♀♀,石河子市,2001-07-12,胡红英采;2♀♀,乌鲁木齐市郊,2001-07-22,孙涛采;1♀,和硕县,2001-08-07,胡红英采;1♀,阿克苏市,2001-06-18,吴卫采;2♀♀,托里县,2007-07-29,徐建华采;1♀,额敏县,2007-07-29,张铁钢采;1♀,额敏县,2007-07-30,何茜采。分布:新疆(阿克苏市、和硕县、乌鲁木齐市、石河子市、奎屯市、精河县、托里县、额敏县、温泉县、新源县)。新种与本属中的任何种都有明显的差异,与另1新种温泉爱丽缨小蜂Erythmelus(Erythmelus)wenquanensis sp.nov.较相似,区别之处:中胸盾片端部淡黄褐色;第4索节等长于第6索节的一半;前翅缘毛长于翅宽的2倍;前翅的长宽比值大于5;雄性外生殖器的长度等长于后足胫节。词源:新种种名brevifuniculatus为组合词,由拉丁词brevi-(意为"短的")和funiculus(意为"索节")组成,指新种索节粗短。盲蝽爱丽缨小蜂Erythmelus(Erythmelus)lygivorus VigganisetJesu中国新纪录(图9~11)研究标本:1♀,新疆托里县,2007-07-29,张铁钢采;1♀,额敏县,2007-07-29,徐建华采。分布:新疆(托里县、额敏县);法国,匈牙利,意大利,西班牙。     

中国棘腿管蓟马属一新种记述（缨翅目：管蓟马科）

记述缨翅目Thysanoptera管蓟马科Phlaeothripidae棘腿管蓟马属Androthrips 1新种：贵阳棘腿管蓟马Androthrips guiyangensis,sp.nov.。模式标本保存于内蒙古包头市园林科技研究所。     

中国阿缨小蜂属分类研究（膜翅目：缨小蜂科）

本文简述了缨小蜂科阿缨小蜂属Acmopolynema的分类现状和已知寄主情况,描述了中国阿缨小蜂属5个种,其中3个新种.喜马阿缨小蜂A. himalum Hayat & Binte 和东方阿缨小蜂A. orientale (Narayanan, Subba Rao & Kaur) 为中国分布新记录,同时提供了中国阿缨小蜂属已知5个种的分类检索表,并附主要形态特征图.所有标本保存在福建农林大学生物防治研究所.1. 长基阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema longicoxilla, 新种 (图1～4)本新种与2双暗带阿缨小蜂A. bifasciatipenne (Girault) 相似,但前翅最长缘毛小于翅宽的一半、后足跗节小于胫节等特征可与后者相区别.正模 ♀, 福建将乐,1991-Ⅹ-10,林乃铨.2. 网基阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema reticoxilla, 新种 (图5～10)本新种与本属其它种较易区分,特征如下 前胸背板完整,不分裂;前翅无暗带;后足基节网状,侧缘具刚毛.正模 ♂,福建将乐,1991-Ⅹ-10,林乃铨.3. 弯尾阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema campylura, 新种 (图15～20)本新种与东方阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema orientale (Narayanan, Subba Rao & Kaur) 相似,但本种前胸背板完整、前翅仅中间一暗带上翅毛特化、并胸腹节上脊的形状以及后足基节上的毛列等特征可与后者相区别.正模 ♀, 福建福州, 1987-Ⅸ-21,林乃铨.     

中国圆龟蝽属新种记述(半翅目:龟蝽科)

记述了中国圆龟蝽属的3新种：后角圆龟蝽Coptosoma cornutum sp.nov.,正模和副模标本采自西藏察隅红卫村;滇黔圆龟蝽C.dianqianum sp.nov.,正模标本采自贵州黔南州,副模标本采自贵州黔南州及云南六库、贡山;普圆龟蝽C.pervulgatum sp.nov.,正模标本采自福建建阳黄坑,副标本本除同正模外,还采自福建崇安三港、浙江天目山、湖北利川星斗山、四川武隆白马山、贵州雷公山。模式标本保存于南开大学生物系昆虫标本室。     

河北大学博物馆馆藏食蚜蝇亚科分类研究(双翅目,食蚜蝇科,食蚜蝇亚科)

在系统整理河北大学博物馆馆藏食蚜蝇科Syrphidae昆虫标本的基础上,鉴定出中国食蚜蝇亚科Syrphinae昆虫4族21属41种,其中5新种:直带垂边食蚜蝇Epistrophe rectistrigata sp.nov.,黑龙江美蓝食蚜蝇Melangyna heilongjiangensis sp.nov.,秦巴细腹食蚜蝇Sphaerophoria qingbaensis sp.nov.,秦岭细腹食蚜蝇Sphaerophoria qinglinensis sp.nov.和长白山食蚜蝇Syrphus changbaishanicus sp.nov..新种正模标本保存于河北大学博物馆,副模标本保存于陕西理工学院陕西省资源生物重点实验室.     

中国云南高黎贡山园蛛属4新种记述(蜘蛛目:园蛛科)

本文记述了采自中国云南高黎贡山的园蛛属Amneus 4新种:春林园蛛,新种Amneus chunlin sp.nov.,李氏园蛛,新种Araneusliae sp.nov.,丰盛园蛛,新种Amneua plenus sp.nov.和亚坪园蛛,新种Araneus yapingensis sp.nov..模式标本正模及部分副模保存于湖南师范大学(HNU),部分副模将保存于美国加州科学学院(CaAS).文中量度单位为mm.     

陕西太白山大蓟马属二新种（缨翅目：蓟马科）

记述中国大蓟马属Megalurothrips2新种,等大蓟马Megalurothrips equaletae sp.nov,和嵩坪大蓟马Megalurothrips haopingensis,sp.nov.,模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。     

云南尖翅蝇属三新种及中国一新纪录种记述(双翅目,尖翅蝇科)

记述了云南尖翅蝇属Lonchoptera 3新种:双鬃尖翅蝇L.bisetosa sp.nov.、凹尾尖翅蝇L.caudexcavata sp.nov.和弯鬃尖翅蝇L.curvisetosa sp.nov.,及中国1新纪录种,膨突尖翅蝇L.elinarae Andersson,并讨论了它们与近缘种的区别.模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆.     

鞘蛾属六新种记述(鳞翅目,鞘蛾科)

报道鞘蛾属壮鞘蛾组Coleophora strnipennella group 6新种:无棘壮鞘蛾C.acanthabortiva sp.nov.,党川壮鞘蛾C.dangchuanica sp.nov.,芽壮鞘蛾C.gemmiformis sp.nov.,巩留壮鞘蛾C.gongliuensis sp.nov,赭翅壮鞘蛾C ochroptera sp.nov.和直缘壮鞘蛾C.rectimarginalis sp nov..研究标本及模式标本保存在南开大学生物系.     

Collagen-like triple helix formation of synthetic (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 analogues: (4(S)-hydroxyprolyl-4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-Gly)10, (4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-Gly)10 and (4(S)-fluoroprolyl-4(R)-fluoroprolyl-Gly)10.

For the rational design of a stable collagen triple helix according to the conventional rule that the pyrrolidine puckerings of Pro, 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) and 4-fluoroproline (fPro) should be down at the X-position and up at the Y-position in the X-Y-Gly repeated sequence for enhancing the triple helix propensities of collagen model peptides, a series of peptides were prepared in which X- and Y-positions were altogether occupied by Hyp(R), Hyp(S), fPro(R) or fPro(S). Contrary to our presumption that inducing the X-Y residues to adopt a down-up conformation would result in an increase in the thermal stability of peptides, the triple helices of (Hyp(S)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (fPro(S)-fPro(R)-Gly)(10) were less stable than those of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (Pro-fPro(R)-Gly)(10), respectively. As reported by B?chinger's and Zagari's groups, (Hyp(R)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) which could have an up-up conformation unfavorable for the triple helix, formed a triple helix that has a high thermal stability close to that of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10). These results clearly show that the empirical rule based on the conformational preference of pyrrolidine ring at each of X and Y residues should not be regarded as still valid, at least for predicting the stability of collagen models in which both X and Y residues have electronegative groups at the 4-position.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of a blue-emitting Sr(3.5) Y(6.5) O(2) (PO(4) )(1.5) (SiO(4) )(4.5) :Eu(2+) phosphor

A novel blue‐emitting Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:Eu²⁺ phosphor was synthesized via a solid‐state reaction. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5 host had a hexagonal crystal structure in the space group P6₃/m and unit cell parameters a = 9.418 Å, c = 6.900 Å. The as‐prepared phosphor showed a blue emission and all the main emission peaks were located at around 466 nm for different excitation wavelengths of 297, 333 and 391 nm. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence property was investigated in the range 20–250 °C, and the emission intensity decreased to 71% of the initial value at room temperature on increasing the temperature to 150 °C. According to the classical theory of fluorescent thermal quenching, the activation energy (ΔE) for the thermal quenching luminescence of the as‐prepared Sr_3.45Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:0.05Eu²⁺ phosphor was determined to be 0.20 eV. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Role of tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) gene modules in catabolism of 3-chlorobenzoate by Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4)

The enzymes chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase, chloromuconate cycloisomerase, dienelactone hydrolase, and maleylacetate reductase allow Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) to degrade chlorocatechols formed during growth in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate or 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB). There are two gene modules located in plasmid pJP4, tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) (module I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) (module II), putatively encoding these enzymes. To assess the role of both tfd modules in the degradation of chloroaromatics, each module was cloned into the medium-copy-number plasmid vector pBBR1MCS-2 under the control of the tfdR regulatory gene. These constructs were introduced into R. eutropha JMP222 (a JMP134 derivative lacking pJP4) and Pseudomonas putida KT2442, two strains able to transform 3-CB into chlorocatechols. Specific activities in cell extracts of chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase (tfdC), chloromuconate cycloisomerase (tfdD), and dienelactone hydrolase (tfdE) were 2 to 50 times higher for microorganisms containing module I compared to those containing module II. In contrast, a significantly (50-fold) higher activity of maleylacetate reductase (tfdF) was observed in cell extracts of microorganisms containing module II compared to module I. The R. eutropha JMP222 derivative containing tfdR-tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) grew four times faster in liquid cultures with 3-CB as a sole carbon and energy source than in cultures containing tfdR-tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II). In the case of P. putida KT2442, only the derivative containing module I was able to grow in liquid cultures of 3-CB. These results indicate that efficient degradation of 3-CB by R. eutropha JMP134(pJP4) requires the two tfd modules such that TfdCDE is likely supplied primarily by module I, while TfdF is likely supplied by module II.     

Induction of in vitro flowering in Dendrobium Madame Thong-In (Orchidaceae) seedlings is associated with increase in endogenous N(6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and N (6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenosine (iPA) levels

We analysed the endogenous cytokinin levels of Dendrobium Madame Thong-In seedlings grown in vitro during vegetative and flowering-inductive periods. HPLC was used to fractionate the extracts and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used for assay of zeatin (Z), dihydrozeatin (DZ), N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and their derivatives. Coconut water used in experiments was found to contain high level (>136 pmol ml(-1)) of zeatin riboside (ZR). Protocorms and seedlings cultured in medium with coconut water were found to contain 0.5-3.9 pmol g(-1) FW of the cytokinins analysed. Seedlings (1.0-1.5 cm) cultured in flowering-inductive liquid medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA, 4.4 muM) and coconut water (CW, 15%) contained up to 200 and 133 pmol g(-1) FW of iP and iPA, respectively. These levels were significantly higher than all other cytokinins analysed in seedlings of the same stage and were about 80- to 150-folds higher than seedlings cultured in non-inductive medium. During the transitional (vegetative to reproductive) stage, the endogenous levels of iP (178 pmol g(-1) FW) and iPA (63 pmol g(-1) FW) were also significantly higher than cytokinins in the zeatine (Z) and dihydrozeatin (DZ) families in the same seedlings. Seedlings that grew on inductive medium but remained vegetative contained lower levels of iPA. The importance of the profiles of iP and its derivatives in induction of in vitro flowering of D. Madame Thong-In is discussed.     

Biology of Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The biology of the fruit fly Bactrocera tau, an important horticultural pest, was studied under laboratory conditions at 25°C and 60–70% relative humidity on Cucurbita maxima. The duration of mating averaged 408.03 ± 235.93 min. After mating, the female fly had a preoviposition period of 11.7 ± 4.49 days. The oviposition rate was 9.9 ± 8.50 eggs and fecundity was 464.6 ± 67.98 eggs/female. Eggs were elliptical, smooth and shiny white, turning darker as hatching approached, and measured 1.30 ± 0.07 mm × 0.24 ± 0.04 mm. The chorion has polygonal microsculpturing and is species-specific with polygonal walls. The egg period lasts for 1.3 ± 0.41 days. The duration of the larval period is 1.2 ± 0.42, 1.7 ± 0.48 and 4.0 ± 0.94 days for first, second and third instars, respectively. Pupation occurs in the sand or soil and pupal periods are 7.0 ± 0.47 days. The life cycle from egg to adult was completed in 14.2 ± 1.69 days; the longevity of mated females and males was 130.33 ± 14.18 and 104.66 ± 31.21 days, respectively. At least two to three generations were observed from June 2008 to June 2009.     

The helix-coil transitions of poly (dA)-poly (dT) and poly (dA-dT)-poly (dA-dT)

Helix–coil transition curves are calculated for poly (dA) poly(dT) and poly (dA-dT) poly (dA-dT) using the integral equation approach of Goel and Montroll.⁵ The transitions are described by the loop entropy model with the exponent of the loop entropy factor, k, remaining an arbitrary constant. The theoretical calculations are compared with experimental transition curves of the two polymers. Results indicate that the stacking energies for these two polymers differ by about 1 kcal/mole of base pairs. Also, a fit between theory and experiment was not possible for k > 1.70.     

Spectroscopic investigations of Er(3+) :CdO-Bi(2) O(3) -B(2) O(3) glasses

This article reports on the optical properties of Er³⁺ ions doped CdO–Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃ (CdBiB) glasses. The materials were characterized by optical absorption and emission spectra. By using Judd–Ofelt theory, the intensity parameters Ω_λ (λ = 2, 4, 6) and also oscillatory strengths were calculated from the absorption spectra. The results were used to compute the radiative properties of Er³⁺:CdBiB glasses. The concentration quenching and energy transfer from Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ were explained. The stimulated emission cross‐section, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and FWHM × values are also calculated for all the Er³⁺:CdBiB glasses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cationic (tripyrrinato)palladium(II) complexes

The formation of cationic palladium(II)complexes [TrpyPd^II]⁺X⁻ by salt metathesis of the respective trifluoroacetates with different salts of weakly coordinating anions X⁻ was investigated. With non-hydrolizable counterions, cationic mono- and dinuclear complexes are observed depending on the nature of the anion X⁻ and the solvent. The mononuclear cations, which are only formed with X = BAr^F, most probably carry a weakly bound molecule of dichloromethane at the fourth coordination site of Pd^II. When treated with diazoalkanes, only these are sufficiently reactive to form carbene complexes. Four- and five coordinate Lewis base adducts [TrpyPd^IIL]⁺ with L = CH₃NC, tBuNH₂, PMe₃, PEt₃ and PiPr₃ and [TrpyPd^IIL₂]⁺ with L = PMe₃ were prepared from the mononuclear cations [TrpyPd^II]⁺BAr^F−. From structural studies it becomes apparent, that the formation of stable five coordinate Pd^II species is restricted to medium size ligands and depends on the delicate balance between the steric influence of L and the strain, which is induced on the TrpyPd^II unit.     

Copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes of chiral tetrathiafulvalene-oxazoline (TTF-OX) and tetrathiafulvalene-thiomethyl-oxazoline (TTF-SMe-OX) derivatives

Synthesis and single crystal X-ray structures of the first paramagnetic transition metal complexes containing chiral ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene-oxazoline (EDT-TTF-OX) 1a-c and ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene-thiomethyloxazoline 2 (EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX) ligands based on copper (II) and cobalt (II) are described. The racemic [EDT-TTF-OX][Cu(hfac)₂] complex 3a crystallizes in the triclinic centrosymmetric space group , whereas the enantiopure counterparts 3b-c crystallize in the triclinic non-centrosymmetric space group P1. Cu(II) adopts a distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry, a much weaker Cu?S_TTF interaction also being identified. The same coordination pattern around Cu(II) is observed in the complex [(rac)-EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX][Cu(hfac)₂] (4) in spite of the bidentate nature of the redox active ligand. DFT theoretical calculations afforded two equilibrium configurations for a corresponding model complex, in which the metal centre establishes secondary coordination either with one S_TTF or with the SMe group. The same ligand coordinates the cobalt (II) to afford the octahedral complex [(rac)-EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX][Co(hfac)₂] (5). In all these novel complexes, the paramagnetic centres are structurally and magnetically isolated. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show the stability of the radical cation species.