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1.
在科分类阶元上对半翅目、鳞翅目和鞘翅目8个科的23种昆虫图像中提取的昆虫面积、周长等11项数学形态特征进行了统计分析。结果表明,在科的阶元上11项特征可靠性大小依次为(似圆度、偏心率)>(面积、周长、横轴长、球状性)>(纵轴长、圆形性)>(形状参数、叶状性)>亮斑数。从数学形态学角度出发,夜蛾科等3个科的亲缘关系远近为夜蛾科与粉蝶科>大蚕蛾科与粉蝶科>夜蛾科与大蚕蛾科;鳃金龟等3科的亲缘关系远近为鳃金龟科与天牛科、丽金龟科与天牛科>鳃金龟科与丽金龟科。  相似文献   

2.
双重标准差法在昆虫科阶元分类学上的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在科分类阶元上对半翅目、鳞翅目和鞘翅目8个科的23种昆虫图像中提取的昆虫面积、周长等11项数学形态特征进行了双重标准差法分析,以评估该方法在昆虫科阶元分类上的应用有效性。结果表明,在科的阶元上11项特征可靠性大小依次为: (似圆度、偏心率、 圆形性>(横轴长、形状参数、叶状性>(面积、周长、球状性> (纵轴长、亮斑数)。科的亲缘关系远近结果显示: 蝽科和缘蝽科关系较近>丽金龟科、天牛科与鳃金龟科关系较近>夜蛾科、大蚕蛾科和粉蝶科关系较近。所得结果与统计假设检验分析所得结果非常相似。  相似文献   

3.
数学形态学在昆虫总科阶元分类学上的应用研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对鳞翅目Lepidoptera和鞘翅目Coleoptera 5个总科23种昆虫图像中提取昆虫面积、周长等11项数学形态特征进行了粗糙集神经网络分析,并与赵汗青统计分析加以比较,结果表明在总科阶元上,11项特征的可靠性顺序为面积、亮斑数>周长、横轴长、形状参数、圆形性、似圆度、偏心率>纵轴长、叶状性、球状性形性、似圆度、偏心率)>(纵轴长、叶状性)>(形状参数、亮斑数).与赵汗青等人用统计学分析的结果不完全一致,但大多数属性特征重要性还是一致的.神经网络模式识别结果与传统分类结果完全一致.由此得出:粗糙集理论在昆虫依据数学形态特征进行分类方面与统计分析方法相比更为理想.  相似文献   

4.
根据昆虫图像,对半翅目(Hemiptera)、鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)、鞘翅目(Coleoptera)的34种昆虫提取形状参数、叶状性、球状性等7项数学形态特征进行了统计分析,从而论证了各项数学形态特征在目级昆虫分类阶元上作为分类特征的可行性和可靠性,并从数学形态学角度对所涉及到的同阶元昆虫类群的亲缘关系做了描述。结果表明,在作为目级阶元分类特征时,各项特征的可靠性依次为:(似圆度、偏心率、亮斑数)>(叶状性、球状性、圆形性)>形状参数。由这些特征的差异显著性可知,从数学形态特征角度讲,3个目的亲缘关系远近大小依次为:半翅目与鞘翅目>半翅目与鳞翅目>鳞翅目与鞘翅目。  相似文献   

5.
摘要: 为探讨蛾翅数学形态特征(MMC)在夜蛾科分类鉴定中的可行性, 本文利用数字化技术获得和处理昆虫图像, 对鳞翅目夜蛾科6种夜蛾的右前翅提取矩形度、 延长度、 叶状性、 偏心率、 球状性、 似圆度和不变矩Hu1、 Hu2等13项与大小尺度和方向均无关的数学形态特征, 并利用方差分析、 逐步判别分析和聚类分析等方法研究了各项数学形态特征在昆虫分类上作为分类特征的可行性、 可靠性和重要性, 并且从数学形态学角度对夜蛾科6个种的亲缘关系进行了分析。分析结果认为矩形度和延长度2个形态特征对这6种夜蛾的分类鉴定没有显著意义, 从而筛选出11个形态特征作为分类变量, 它们的作用大小依次为: (偏心率、 Hu5、 Hu7)>Hu2>似圆度>球状性>Hu3>(叶状性、 Hu1、 Hu6)>Hu4。利用蛾翅的这些特征参数成功地实现了对夜蛾科6种夜蛾的分类鉴定, 基于这些特征参数的6种夜蛾的亲缘关系远近与基于传统形态学的系统进化观点相同。研究表明蛾翅数学形态特征可应用于蛾类昆虫的快速鉴定, 为未来逐步实现蛾类昆虫的自动识别奠定了基础。  相似文献   

6.
根据昆虫图像,对半翅目(Hemiptera)、鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)、鞘翅目(Coleoptera)的34种昆虫提取形状参数、叶状性、球状性等7项数学形态特征进行了统计分析,从而论证了各项数学形态特征在目级昆虫分类阶元上作为分类特征的可行性和可靠性,并从数学形态学角度对所涉及到的同阶元昆虫类群的亲缘关系做了描述.结果表明,在作为目级阶元分类特征时,各项特征的可靠性依次为:(似圆度、偏心率、亮斑数)>(叶状性、球状性、圆形性)>形状参数.由这些特征的差异显著性可知,从数学形态特征角度讲,3个目的亲缘关系远近大小依次为:半翅目与鞘翅目>半翅目与鳞翅目>鳞翅目与鞘翅目.  相似文献   

7.
粗糙集理论在昆虫分类学上的应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
研究了昆虫的数学形态特征在目级昆虫分类阶元上作为分类特征的可行性、可靠性和重要性,以及3个目的亲缘关系远近.根据昆虫图像,对半翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目的28种昆虫提取形状参数、叶状性、球状性等7项数学形态特征进行了粗糙集理论与方法的论证和运算,并与赵汗青等人统计分析的结果加以比较.在作为目级阶元分类时,各项特征的重要性依次为:(似圆度、偏心率)>(亮斑数、球状性、圆形性)>(叶状性、形状参数).从数学形态特征角度讲,3个目的亲缘关系远近大小依次为:半翅目与鞘翅目>鳞翅目与鞘翅目>半翅目与鳞翅目.粗糙集理论在昆虫依据数学形态特征进行分类方面与统计分析方法相比有更为理想的作用.  相似文献   

8.
粗糙集模糊聚类分析法在昆虫分类研究中的应用   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
本文根据昆虫图像,对半翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目的28种昆虫提取的形状参数、叶状性、球状性等7项数学形态特征进行了粗糙集模糊聚类分析。在粗糙集处理的基础上,分别进行7指标和3指标(相对约简)两种不同的模糊聚类分析法相比较。结果显示,在作为目级阶元分类指标时,各项特征的重要性依次为:(似圆度、偏心率)>(亮斑数、球状性、圆形性)>(叶状性、形状参数);粗糙集分类正确率优于模糊聚类分析法;粗糙集处理后的3指标分类正确率优于未处理的7指标分类正确率。结论认为,粗糙集理论在昆虫依据数学形态特征进行分类方面与统计分析方法相比更有优势,粗糙集滤过指标后再进行模糊聚类法分析在昆虫分类研究上具有重要意义。  相似文献   

9.
天蚕的形态和生物学研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
天蚕(半目大蚕)AntheraeayamamaiCuerinMencvill[1]是蚕蛾总科,大蚕蛾科,柞蚕属的一种。该蚕是一种吐天然绿丝的昆虫,有极好的开发价值。我国野生天蚕分布很广,从南方的广西壮族自治区到北方的辽宁、吉林、黑龙江都有分布[2]。但关于天蚕生物学特性至今国内未见有专门的研究和报道。为能使人们更多的了解、认识和发掘本地的天蚕资源,现将1989年以来通过人工饲养和观察得到的形态及生物学研究结果整理如下,为我国的夭蚕研究提供理论依据。1形态特征成虫:翅展126~150mm,体长35~45mm,胸及腹部密生绒毛。雌蛾体粗状,雄蛾短小。…  相似文献   

10.
王林瑶 《昆虫知识》1998,35(2):105-106
蚬蛾科(Lemoniidae)隶属于蚕蛾总科Bombycoidae,,据Seitz(1913)记载,此科仅有Lemonia1属,既蛾属,世界有10种及部分亚种,大都分布在中欧(南至意大利南部,北至原苏联南部)。在系统整理蚕蛾科标本时,发现有1979年采自四川灌县的10余头标本,与蚕蛾有明显区别,经鉴定为规蛾科、现蛾属中的蒲公英规蛾,是我国以前未报道过的新纪录,由于此科仅有1属,个体数量也较少,易与蚕蛾总科中其它科中的种类混淆,现将其形态特征及生物学简介如下,以便引起注意,相信会增加一些种类或个体数量。既蛾科(Lemoniidae)主要特征:体型中等大…  相似文献   

11.
Lepidoptera is one of the largest insect orders, but the phylogenetic relationships within this order, have yet to be adequately described. Among these unresolved relationships include those regarding the monophyly of the Macrolepidoptera and interfamilial relationships of the true butterflies superfamily Papilionoidea. We present two new mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) belonging to the butterfly family Lycaenidae to explore the phylogenetic relationships existing among lepidopteran superfamilies and true butterfly families from a mitogenome perspective, and to evaluate the characteristics of the lepidopteran mitogenomes. Our consensus phylogeny of the Lepidoptera largely supported the superfamilial relationships (((((Bombycoidea + Geometroidea) + Noctuoidea) + Pyraloidea) + Papilionoidea) + Tortricoidea), signifying a lack of support for a traditionally defined Macrolepidoptera. The familial relationships of the true butterflies concordantly recovered the previously proposed phylogenetic hypothesis (((Lycaenidae + Nymphalidae) + Pieridae) + Papilionidae). The test for the effect of optimization schemes (exclusion and inclusion of third codon position of PCGs and two rRNA genes, with and without partitions) on the resolution and relationships within the Lepidoptera have demonstrated that the majority of analyses did not substantially alter the relevant topology and node support, possibly as the result of relatively strong signal in mitogenomes for intraordinal relationships in Lepidoptera.  相似文献   

12.
13.
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Chinese pistacia looper Biston panterinaria was sequenced and annotated (15,517 bp). It contains the typical 37 genes of animal mitogenomes and a high A + T content (79.5%). All protein coding genes (PCGs) use standard ATN initiation codons except for cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COX1) with CGA. Eleven PCGs use a common stop codon of TAA or TAG, whereas COX2 and NADH dehydrogenase 4 (ND4) use a single T. All transfer RNA (tRNA) genes have the typical clover-leaf structure with the exception of tRNASer(AGN). We reconstructed a preliminary mitochondrial phylogeny of six ditrysian superfamilies and performed comparative analyses of inference methods (Bayesian Inference (BI), Maximum Likelihood (ML), and Maximum Parsimony (MP)), dataset compositions (including and excluding 3rd codon positions), and alignment methods (Muscle, Clustal W, and MAFFT). Our analyses indicated that inference methods and dataset compositions more significantly affected the phylogenetic results than alignment methods. BI analysis consistently revealed uncontroversial relationships with all dataset compositions. By contrast, ML analysis failed to reconstruct stable phylogeny at two nodes, whereas MP analysis had more difficulties in the tree resolution and nodal support. Distinct from most previous studies, our analyses revealed that Geometroidea had a closer lineage relationship with Bombycoidea than Noctuoidea. Similar to previous molecular studies, our analyses revealed that Hesperiidae were nested in the Papilionoidea clade, providing further evidence to the previous concept that Papilionoidea was paraphyletic, and none of the butterflies were associated with the Macroheterocera.  相似文献   

14.
The 15,389-bp long complete mitogenome of the endangered red-spotted apollo butterfly, Parnassius bremeri (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) was determined in this study. The start codon for the COI gene in insects has been extensively discussed, and has long remained a matter of some controversy. Herein, we propose that the CGA (arginine) sequence functions as the start codon for the COI gene in lepidopteran insects, on the basis of complete mitogenome sequences of lepidopteran insects, including P. bremeri, as well as additional sequences of the COI start region from a diverse taxonomic range of lepidopteran species (a total of 53 species from 15 families). In our extensive search for a tRNA-like structure in the A+T-rich region, one tRNATrp-like sequence and one tRNALeu (UUR)-like sequence were detected in the P. bremeri A+T-rich region, and one or more tRNA-like structures were detected in the A+T-rich region of the majority of other sequenced lepidopteran insects, thereby indicating that such features occur frequently in the lepidopteran mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis using the concatenated 13 amino acid sequences and nucleotide sequences of PCGs of the four macrolepidopteran superfamilies together with the Tortricoidea and Pyraloidea resulted in the successful recovery of a monophyly of Papilionoidea and a monophyly of Bombycoidea. However, the Geometroidea were unexpectedly identified as a sister group of the Bombycoidea, rather than the Papilionoidea.  相似文献   

15.
Cao YQ  Ma C  Chen JY  Yang DR 《BMC genomics》2012,13(1):276
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Lepidoptera encompasses more than 160,000 described species that have been classified into 45-48 superfamilies. The previously determined Lepidoptera mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are limited to six superfamilies of the most derived lepidopteran lineage Ditrysia. Compared with the ancestral insect gene order, these mitogenomes all contain a tRNA rearrangement. To gain new insights into Lepidoptera mitogenome evolution, we sequenced the mitogenomes of two ghost moths that belong to primitive lepidopteran lineages and conducted a comparative mitogenomic analysis across Lepidoptera. RESULTS: The mitogenomes of Thitarodes renzhiensis and T. yunnanensis are 16,173 bp and 15,814 bp long with an A+T content of 81.28% and 82.33%, respectively. Different tandem repeats in the A+T-rich region mainly account for the size difference between the two mitogenomes. Both mitogenomes include 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. The 1,584-bp sequence from rrnS to nad2 was also determined for Thitarodes sp.QL, which has no repetitive sequence in the A+T-rich region. All three Thitarodes species possess the ancestral gene order with trnI-trnQ-trnM located between the A+T-rich region and nad2, which is different from the gene order trnM-trnI-trnQ in all previously sequenced Lepidoptera species. The formerly identified conserved elements of Lepidoptera mitogenomes (i.e. the motif 'ATAGA' and poly-T stretch in the A+T-rich region and the long intergenic spacer upstream of nad2) are absent in the Thitarodes mitogenomes. The phylogenetic analysis supports that Hepialoidea, represented by T. renzhiensis and T. yunnanensis, occupies a basal position in the currently sampled seven superfamilies. The relationships of the other six superfamilies are (((((Bombycoidea + Geometroidea) + Noctuoidea) + Pyraloidea) + Papilionoidea) + Tortricoidea). CONCLUSION: The mitogenomes of T. renzhiensis and T. yunnanensis exhibit unusual features compared with the previously determined Lepidoptera mitogenomes. Their ancestral gene order indicates that the tRNA rearrangement event occurred after Lepidoptera diverged from other holometabolous insect orders. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitogenome sequences is a power tool for addressing phylogenetic relationships among major Lepidoptera superfamilies. Characterization of the two ghost moth mitogenomes has enriched our knowledge of Lepidoptera mitogenomes and contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying mitogenome evolution, especially gene rearrangements.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract This study had two aims. First, we tested the monophyly of and relationships within the ‘bombycoid complex’, an assembly of approximately 5300 species postulated by Minet to represent 12 families in three superfamilies, by sequencing five protein‐coding nuclear gene regions (CAD, DDC, enolase, period, wingless; approximately 6750 bp total) in 66 representatives of most of the subfamilies and tribes. Second, we sought initial evidence on the utility of these genes for estimating relationships among Macrolepidoptera more broadly (11 superfamilies total), by adding representatives of eight families from four other superfamilies, and by assessing the phylogenetic information content of the individual genes and partitions thereof. Analysis of the combined data by likelihood and parsimony upholds monophyly for the bombycoid complex and for Bombycoidea sensu stricto (includes Anthelidae, see below), but with weak bootstrap support. Minet’s assignment of Phiditiinae to Bombycoidea rather than to Noctuoidea is strongly upheld, but Anthelidae, placed in Lasiocampoidea by Minet, group securely within Bombycoidea sensu stricto. Within the latter, the basal split segregates a strongly supported ‘BALE’ group [Apatelodinae + (Eupterotidae + (Brahmaeidae + Lemoniidae))]. The remaining families form a consistently but weakly supported clade, within which the basal split segregates the very strongly supported ‘CAPOPEM’ group [Carthaeidae, Anthelidae, Phiditiinae, (Prismostictini + (Endromidae + (Oberthueriini + Mirinidae)))]. The remaining bombycoids are grouped, very weakly, as Sphingidae + (Bombycinae + Saturniidae). All multiply‐sampled families are strongly recovered, in both outgroups and ingroups, except that Bombycidae sensu Minet are rendered decisively polyphyletic. All genes make important contributions to the combined data results, and there is little strong conflict among genes or between synonymous and nonsynonymous change, although two instances of inter‐gene conflict were notable, one in Lasiocampidae and one in Mimallonidae. Overall, about 75% of nodes are strongly supported (i.e. bootstrap value ≥80%). Superfamilies are recovered, but not always strongly, whereas relationships among superfamilies are recovered only weakly and inconsistently; even within the reasonably well‐sampled Bombycoidea sensu stricto, a (to us) surprising number of interfamily relationships remain uncertain. Thus, it seems clear that substantially more genes, plus additional taxon sampling in most superfamilies, will be required to resolve macrolepidopteran phylogeny.  相似文献   

17.
The selection of exemplars has been shown both theoretically and empirically to affect tree topology, but the importance of the number and nature of taxa used to represent higher taxonomic lineages in molecular studies is rarely stressed. In our rRNA study of higher moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia), the selection of different exemplars and outgroups caused major tree rearrangements. We also examined the effectiveness with which conserved rRNA regions track the diversification of Lepidoptera. Homoplasy is as prevalent at the few variable sites of conserved regions (18E, 18J, 28F) as at the many variable sites of a more rapidly evolving region (28B). Finally, 28B sequence variation differs qualitatively among lepidopteran superfamilies of presumed comparable age, the Papilionoidea (true butterflies) and Noctuoidea (cutworm moths and relatives).  相似文献   

18.
The nearly complete mitochondrial genome of the butterfly Papilio xuthus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) was sequenced for its nucleotide sequence of 13,964 bp. The genome has a typical gene order identical to other lepidopteran species. All tRNAs showed same stable canonical clover-leaf structure as those of other insects, except for tRNASer (AGN), in which the dihydrouracil arm (DHU arm) could not form stable stem–loop structure. Anomalous initiation codons have been observed for the cox1 gene, where the ATTACG hexa-nucleotide was believed to be involved in the initiation signaling. Twelve mitochondrial protein-coding gene sequence data were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships among the insect orders. Even though the number of insect orders represented by complete mitochondrial genomes is still limited, several well-established relationships are evident in the phylogenetic analysis of the complete sequences. Monophyly of the Homometabola was not supported in this paper. Phylogenetic analyses of the available species of Bombycoidea, Pyraloidea, Papilionoidea and Tortricidea bolstered the current morphology-based hypothesis that Bombycoidea, Pyraloidea and Papilionoidea are monophyletic (Obtectomera). Bombycoidea (Bombyx mandarina and Antheraea pernyi) and Papilionoidea (P. xuthus and Coreana raphaelis) formed a sister group.  相似文献   

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